Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv "Menaktra": cov lus qhia, piav qhia thiab kev txheeb xyuas

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv "Menaktra" - ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm cov tshuaj. Me ntsis yog paub raws li ib tug kuj tshiab khiv tsim (txog 10 xyoo dhau los), ib tug US lub tuam txhab Sanofi Pasteur. Cov tshuaj tau dhau ib tug series ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas thiab yog heev txawv los zoo xws li cov. Nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kab mob uas feem xyuam rau txoj kev tsim tsa ntawm lub cev ciaj ciam ntawm tus kab mob tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm meningitis thiab cov ntshav lom tshwm sim los ntawm meningococcus.

qauv

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv "Menaktra" ceeb toom ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kab mob, uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov tsos ntawm meningococcus serogroup meej. Nws yog ib tug me ntsis tsis meej meej tov rau intramuscular thawj coj.

Ib koob tshuaj yog hais txog 0.5 ml, muaj xws li xws active Cheebtsam li monovalent meningococcal conjugates uas muaj xws li ib tug ua ke ntawm tej hom ntawm polysaccharide serogroups (A, C, Y, W-135) thiab ib cov cab kuj protein. Txhua txhua zaug xwb polysaccharide conjugated rau diphtheria toxoid txhaj koob tshuaj sib npaug zos rau 48 mg.

Ntxiv tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog: sodium phosphate, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrogenphosphate monohydrate thiab tshwj xeeb dej rau txhaj tshuaj.

Cov kev npaj yog fej nyob rau hauv lub khob vials muaj ib tug ib-lub sij hawm txhaj koob tshuaj - 0.5 ml. Lub thawv tej zaum yuav ib tug los yog tsib vials, thiab cov lus qhia rau kev siv.

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv twb khaws cia nyob rau hauv kub 2-8 ° C. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav khov. Nws yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv ib qhov chaw txias tawm ntawm ncav cuag ntawm cov me nyuam. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj rau ib co yog vim li cas twb tau khov, nws tsis yog kev kawm mus ntxiv siv.

Txee-lub neej ntawm cov tshuaj yog ob lub xyoos ntawm cov ntau lawm hnub sau rau ntawm lub hnab.

"Menaktru" ua lub ntiaj teb no-nrov chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, "Sanofi Pasteur Inc.".

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv "Menaktra": qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub pharmacological txiav txim

Feem ntau, lub causative tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm meningococcal kab mob (e.g. meningitis) ua kab mob N. Meningitidis. Nws qhia tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm serotypes ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob. Siv "Menaktra" tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv nkoos zus tau tej cov kev tshuaj qhia tiv thaiv cov causative tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm qhov kab mob meningococcal. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj plaub serogroup yog A, C, Y thiab W-135. Lawv muaj tag nrho cov muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb bactericidal kev ua si.

Soj ntsuam hlw kom qis tswj tau ib tug tshwm sim los ntawm qhov chaw kawm "Menaktry" yog tsis nqa tawm, txij thaum lub xaiv ntawm ntshiab bactericidal tshuaj (SBA) yog theem ntawm efficiency ntawm meningococcal cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Immunological zoo ntawm kho cov me nyuam los ntawm 2 mus rau 10 xyoo thiab cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog 11-55 xyoo. Immunogenicity tau txiav txim nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub functionality ntawm lub antibody, uas tau kuaj tau los ntawm ntshiab bactericidal tshuaj ntsuam. Cov tib neeg muaj hnub nyoog 2-10 xyoo xam tau tias yog tiv thaiv kab mob cov lus teb rau ib tug tib formulation ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab 28 hnub. nce nyob rau hauv geometric titer intermediate tau pom tias (GMTs) ntawm bactericidal tshuaj. Tag nrho cov hom ntawm serogroups nyob rau hauv 86-100% ntawm cov neeg nyob rau ntawm ib thaum ntxov qhia undetectable titers twb kaw seroconversion, yus li chetrehkratnoe thiab ib tug sawv nyob rau hauv antibody titers ntawm 28 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Taag muaj peev xwm "Menaktry" kev cuam tshuam rau lub immunological nco tom qab thawj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam thiab cov neeg laus.

Qhov kev kuaj ntawd tau nyob rau hauv cov neeg 11-18 xyoos tau qhia tias lub cev lo lus teb rau ib tug-lub sij hawm tsim ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Indicators SBA GMTs rau 28 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ntau tshaj li tus thawj. Nyob rau hauv 98-100% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, nrog rau cov uncertainty ntawm thawj zaug antibody theem ntawm hnub 28 twb qhia cherehkratnoe nce nyob rau hauv SBA titre rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm serogroup B tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov lus qhia siab immunogenicity ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib lub hnub nyoog.

Nyob rau hauv cov laus uas indeterminate antibody titers nyob rau hauv 93-100% ntawm cov neeg pom ib tug plaub-fold nce nyob rau hauv SBA titer rau tag nrho cov lwm yam serogroups yav nyob rau hauv txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas, cov immunological teb yog tib yam tsis hais poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog thiab haiv neeg.

Yog tsis muaj ntsuas rau lub kinetics ntawm thawj zaug teb rau tus tsim ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis lub cev teb tom qab 7-10 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau kaw.

Duration ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tom qab thawj zaug tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj pov thawj nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam hlw kom qis thiab yog sib npaug zos rau peb lub xyoo tom qab muaj ib zaug xwb thawj coj.

indications

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv "Menaktra" no yog tsim los tiv thaiv kom txhob mob meningococcal kab mob. Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub yav tas muaj feem xyuam rau tus kab mob N. Meningitidis nrog xws li hom serogroups li A, C, Y thiab W-135 nyob rau hauv cov neeg ntawm ntau haiv neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog pab pawg neeg.

Contraindications mus rau lub formulation ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

"Menaktra" (tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv) yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm intolerance los yog ntxiv active tshuaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ban kab mob yog kis thiab uas tsis yog-kis xwm, raws li zoo raws li thaum lub sij hawm exacerbations ntawm tus kab mob.

Ntau npaum thiab tus qauv ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Kev npaj "Menaktra" (tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv) muab intramuscularly tswv yim qhia, dua li nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub xub pwg deltoid leeg. Cov me nyuam mus txog rau lub xyoo cov tshuaj yog muab rau hauv cov nqaij tus ncej puab cheeb tsam, vim qhov no qeb ntawm cov neeg mob xub pwg cov nqaij yog underdeveloped. Kuj yog ua tau tsuas yog ib zaug thaum ib tug ntau npaum ntawm 0.5 ml.

Ua ntej lub rov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua raws li uas muaj tej yam kev ruaj ntseg ntsuas, uas yog tswj cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm pliaj txim. Nws ntsuam hauv lub xeev ntawm kev kho mob ntawm ib tug neeg, nrhiav tawm hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm contraindications.

Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib tug paramedic thiab nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tswj. Ib tug kev kho mob chav rau tej cov tshuaj txhaj yuav tsum tau nruab antishock tshuaj rau kev kho mob.

Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, tom qab cov kev taw qhia ntawm txhaj muaj cai tsaus muag. Health neeg ua hauj lwm, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, yuav tsum tau npaj txhij rau lub xeev no ntawm tej xwm txheej thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm los mus tiv thaiv kev raug mob muaj feem xyuam rau ib tug lub caij nplooj zeeg, raws li zoo raws li muab cov kev tsim nyog kho mob.

Muaj ntau ntau cov kev kho mob cov ntaub ntawv uas txiav txim yuav ua li cas qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau siv "Menaktra". Cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv lub sij hawm yog raws li nram no:

• Cov me nyuam mos hnub nyoog 9-23 hlis, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog muab tso rau hauv lub ob theem. Tom qab thawj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ib tug so rau peb lub hlis, thiab ces ua lub thib ob.
• Cov me nyuam ob xyoos, cov hluas thiab cov laus cov tshuaj yog muab intramuscularly, thiab ib zaug xwb.

Cov tshuaj muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv qhov kab mob meningococcal, uas manifests nws tus kheej tom qab kaum hnub los ntawm hnub tim uas txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txhaj koob tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsis muab.

Sis nrog lwm yam tshuaj

Tshuaj "Menaktra" (nyob tshuaj tiv thaiv) tej zaum yuav muab nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog ib tug polysaccharide tshuaj tiv thaiv, typhoid ceeb toom tshwm sim. Nrog adsorbed tshuaj tiv thaiv tetanus thiab diphtheria. Sib koom hais saum toj no txhaj tshuaj tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog pab pawg neeg 11-17 thiab 18-55 xyoo.

Koj muaj peev xwm tsis muab ob tshuaj tiv thaiv "Menaktra" thiab xav koob tshuaj BCG txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Yog hais tias ob tug txhaj tshuaj yog nqa tawm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Rau txhua txhaj siv ib syringe.

Cev xeeb tub thiab lactation

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm nws kim heev kev soj ntsuam hlw kom qis, nws twb pom hais tias tsis muaj kev phiv ntxim rau cov cev xeeb tub thiab cov me nyuam hauv plab tshuaj tiv thaiv "Menaktra". Hauj lwm ntawm cov tshuaj, txawm hais tias nws yog pom zoo kom siv nws nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm, yog hais tias tus tej zaum kev pab rau cov niam ntau tshaj txoj kev pheej hmoo rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub fetus. Piv txwv li, nws siv yog permissible yog qhov kab mob meningococcal yog loj heev, nrog ib phaum mob los yog ib tug mus ntsib mus rau ib qho twg hauv cheeb tsam.

Tsis tau kawm txog lub peev xwm ntawm lub active cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kis mus rau hauv niam cov kua mis pub rau noj cov poj niam. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov tej kev txom nyem ntawm tej tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj rau polysaccharides pom nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais nas, uas yog tseem pub niam. Qhov tseeb twb tsis ntxim rau cov xeeb ntxwv txoj kev loj hlob. Zoo ib yam li cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv tib neeg tsis tau ua.

Ua ntej koj yuav txhaj tshuaj ib tug poj niam thaum lub sij hawm lactation, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo luj qhov txaus ntshai thiab lub peev xwm kev pab los ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv "Menaktra": phiv

Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv ntau cov neeg mob kev txhawj xeeb txog ntau yam tsis zoo tshua. Symptomatology yog varied nyob rau lub hnub nyoog yog leejtwg tiag.

Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg los ntawm ob tug mus rau kaum xyoo tau cim los ntawm rhiab, induration, o thiab liab ntawm lub txhaj tsam. Cov me nyuam tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau bursting, muaj nkees nkees. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, muaj anorexia, raws plab, ntuav thiab kub ib ce. Nwg ntxhuv sab cov me nyuam cov pob liab liab, thiab urticaria. Muaj ces nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov arthralgia.

Cov me nyuam hluas 11-18 xyoo thiab laus hnub nyoog 18-55 xyoo, muaj mob thiab induration nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kuv raug kev txom nyem los ntawm mob taub hau, raws plab, ntuav. Sawv qaug zog. Tsis qab los noj mov. pob, arthralgia twb pom. Muaj ib tug kub taub hau, kev malaise, ua npaws.

Muaj ntau yam npau taws me ntsis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Guillain-Barre syndrome muaj cai, ib nrab tsis nco, qaug dab peg, tuag tes tuag taw ntawm lub ntsej muag paj, paresthesia, transverse myelitis, kiv taub hau, disseminated encephalomyelitis nyob rau hauv mob daim ntawv no, myalgia.

Meningococcal tshuaj tiv thaiv "Menaktra" kab mob muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam ntawm ailments, tab sis lawv yog me me thiab ploj nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam tom qab txhaj koob tshuaj.

ceev faj

"Menaktra" meningitis tshuaj tiv thaiv yog pom zoo rau cov neeg uas muaj kev raug mob ntawm kev cog lus kab mob meningococcal. Cov no yog cov neeg uas tau nyob rau hauv kov nrog cov neeg mob tus kab mob meningococcus. Peb yuav tsum tau ua lub tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv cov neeg uas muaj properdin tsis muaj peev xwm, thiab Nkij los txuam rau lub Cheebtsam. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev pej xeem nrog asplenia. Nws tseem yuav muab tso neeg mus nyob rau hauv hyperendemic chaw, thiab kuaj neeg ua hauj lwm tsis tu ncua txoj kev tshawb fawb ntau yam ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm tus kab mob N. Meningitidis. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom tshuaj tiv thaiv no rau cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv lub dormitory, thiab conscripts.

Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab intravenously, intra- los yog subcutaneously. tau zoo tej ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub installation yog tsis muaj cov tshuaj.

Tsis txhob txuas tshuaj tiv thaiv no nyob rau hauv ib tug koob txhaj nrog lwm yam tshuaj.

Tsis tau kawm txog tej yam uas txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas thrombocytopenia los yog cov neeg txom nyem los ntawm ntshav ntshawv siab. Muaj yog ib tug uas yuav ntawm los ntshav thaum muab intramuscularly. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv productions xws li cov neeg yuav tsum luj lub peev xwm txaus ntshai thiab cov kev pab.

Zoo ib yam li yog cai nrog Guillain-Barré syndrome. Muaj mob ntawm tus kab mob mob tom qab tshuaj tiv thaiv haum saib xyuas. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej lub ntsej muag ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev txom nyem los ntawm Guillain-Barre syndrome, nws yog tsim nyog los ua tib zoo ntsuam xyuas tag nrho cov tau txaus ntshai.

Cov tshuaj tsis tiv thaiv kom txhob meningitis txhais los ntawm lwm micro-kab thiab cov kab mob, raws li tau zoo raws li cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm meningococcal serogroup B kab mob

Nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj tsis muaj zog txaus tiv thaiv kab mob systems thiab cov neeg uas immunosuppressive kev kho mob yog feem ntau ib tug txo tiv thaiv kab mob cov lus teb rau cov emergence of "Menaktra" txhaj tshuaj. Ib tug tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kab mob teb yuav tsum generated tsis tag nrho cov neeg yog Attendance nyob rau ntawm 100%.

Ua ntej tom ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv paramedic los yog tus kws kho mob yuav tsum qhia rau cov neeg mob txog cov kev piam sij los yog kev pab cuam ntawm txoj kev saib xyuas txhaj tshuaj, raws li zoo raws li tau tshwm sim.

Xyuas ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Nws ntseg siab tshuaj purity, ruaj khov thiab txiav txim ntev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv thiab multivalency "Menaktra" (tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv). Comments txog qhov no kuj feem ntau zoo.

Muaj ntau leej niam muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv cov me nyuam nyob rau ntawm ib thaum ntxov lub hnub nyoog, thiab nyob rau hauv tom qab. Lawv hais tias nws yog zoo zam lub txim thiab tsis tshua ua phiv tshua. Ib txhia me nyuam nyob rau hauv thawj hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj cai nce nyob rau hauv lub cev kub ntawm 37,2 rau 40 ° C. Txhawj xeeb txog ntev li txob taus, tsis qab los noj mov. Cov kws kho mob nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau cov leej niam ntawm excitement txog nws hais tias nws yog lub cai, thiab hais tias lub cev lo lus teb rau cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv thiaj li yuav tsum yuav tsim. Qhov zoo ces, tej txheej xwm nyob ntawm luv luv ntev, thiab lub niam tsis worrying sai rau lub xeev ntawm lawv tus me nyuam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kho mob yuav tsum tau mus muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, "Fenistil" los yog lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua xua. Cov neeg laus uas feem ntau yog tso nws zoo, tsis muaj kev tsis zoo txim.

Ib txhia neeg tsis to taub, vim li cas ua tej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj ib tug kws kho mob tshuaj. Nco ntsoov tias cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv Russia, nws yog tsis zoo li yuav pab tau, vim feem ntau cov neeg uas ua mob meningitis, mas yuav kis tau tus kab mob no yog tsis yog mus rau lub meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y, W-135, thiab vim yog lub kis kab mob. Lawv cam tias qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim npog hlwb yog meningococcal serogroup B, thiab los ntawm nws mus rau hnub tim yog tsis muaj tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv.

Dua li ntawm qhov controversy, muaj coob tus neeg muab tso rau cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv "Menakra" lawv tus kheej thiab lawv cov me nyuam. Tsis zoo txim los ntawm nws yog tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj, tab sis nws tiv thaiv tus neeg tiv thaiv meningococcal kab mob thoob plaws hauv lub neej. Qhov tseeb yog paub tseeb hais tias rua muaj ntau tus neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.