Qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub qaub ncaug

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog muaj ib qho kev nthuav txoj kev uas yuav nrhiav tau tawm yog txim txhaum los yog tsis. Nws twb muaj sim mus rau qhuav mov. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg yuav tsis nqos nws, ces kuv pom muaj txim txhaum. Tam sim no nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau cov ntseeg, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm xws li ib tug qauv no yog ib tug muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub qaub ncaug. Cov npe no thiab yuav tau muaj nplooj siab rau peb tsab xov xwm.

Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov tib neeg digestive system

Digestive system ntawm tus txiv neej yog nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw. Qhov no dhau-ntawm "raj", uas yog hu ua cov hnyuv thiab prostate. Tsis ntev los no paim tshwj xeeb tshuaj - enzymes. Lawv kom tshuaj haum, uas yuav pab zom zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub ib ntsuj av. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, peb hom kev qog. Cov yav tas los xws li lub muaj qaub. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev ua ntawm cov qaub ncaug? Lawv muab thawj ua zaub mov. Txawm tias enzymes uas muaj cov qaub ncaug, uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cleaving tsuas complex carbohydrates rau hauv yooj yim.

Plab zom mov nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav

Cov nuj nqi ntawm lub qaub ncaug pib ua tsuas yog tom qab qhov ncauj tsom xam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub saj ntawm cov khoom noj thiab kub. Qhov no tshwm sim nrog rau kev pab los ntawm rhiab formations nyob rau hauv lub mucosa, - receptors.

Thaum nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, cov zaub mov yog wetted thiab yog machined siv cov hniav. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, lawv yog txawv. Nyob rau cov qauv, daim ntawv thiab muaj nuj nqi txawv qhov incisors, canines, me me thiab cov loj loj hniav puas. Nws kuj tshwm sim thiab cov tshuaj ua ntawm cov khoom noj nrog qaub ncaug.

Qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub qaub ncaug

Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, muaj peb officers ntawm loj muaj qaub ncaug: parotid, submandibular thiab sublingual. Tus thawj yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm masticatory leeg. Lawv yog cov thicker tshaj lub ntsej muag paj, carotid leeg thiab cov hlab ntsha. Lub sublingual cheeb tsam qhib ducts ntawm submandibular qog. Lawv muaj cov khoom ceg ntawm lub ntsej muag leeg. Sublingual yog lub me tshaj nyob rau hauv loj ntawm cov uas muaj npe. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub eponymous folds. Rau me me qaub ncaug yog cov Palatine, lingual, labial, buccal thiab hniav puas. Muab lawv localization yog qhov ncauj mucosa.

Muaj qaub caj pas nuj nqi nyob rau hauv kev zom yog txiav txim los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, uas lawv tsim - uas yog, tus glandular epithelium. Qhov no cov ntaub so ntswg muaj me me, tightly tau ntim hlwb. Vim li no cov qauv tsim ib tug natural teeb meem ntawm tus kab mob thiab qhov ib puag ncig.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qaub ncaug

Txij li thaum muaj qaub caj pas nuj nqi raws li tso zis thiab thawj splitting zaub mov muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv lawv cov kua yog dej thiab ntau yam enzymes. Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm cov qaub ncaug yog ib tug muco-nplaum kua. Tias dej yog nws lub hauv paus, occupying ntau tshaj 98% ntawm tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Enzymes, uas muaj xws li amylase, maltase thiab lysozyme nqis carbohydrates. Txheej sib xws ntawm cov qaub ncaug hniav kev tshuaj - mucin. Cim tej khoom vaj tse muaj parotin lawm. Nws kuj muaj nyob hauv cov qaub ncaug thiab yuav ntxiv dag zog rau enamel.

Lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav yog lossi faib mineral thiab organic teeb meem. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg muaj sodium ions, poov tshuaj, poov hlau, pob zeb ntais, magnesium, tooj liab, raws li zoo raws li lawv chlorides, carbonates thiab phosphates. Organic povntawv ntawm cov qaub ncaug yog cov nqaijrog, enzymes, cov tshuaj hormones thiab vitamins.

Tab sis qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais tsis yog tas li. Muaj pes tsawg leeg cov qaub ncaug hais tej zaum yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb muaj hnub nyoog, noj qab haus huv mob, khoom noj khoom haus muaj pes tsawg leeg, muaj cov phem tsis nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Yog li, cov theem ntawm thiocyanate nyob rau hauv haus luam yeeb yog ntau ntau, vim qhov no tshuaj neutralize cov co toxins ntawm haus luam yeeb haus luam yeeb. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, tib neeg cov qaub ncaug yog nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm magnesium thiab calcium.

lysozyme

Qhov thib ob lub npe ntawm no substance - muramidase. Nws belongs rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm hydrolytic enzymes. Tsis tas li ntawd cov qaub ncaug, lysozyme yog nyob rau hauv cov kua muag kua, lub plhaub ntawm tus mob huam, qhov ntswg hnoos qeev, ntshav, siab, cov pob txha mos. Ib tug ntau ntawm nws thiab nyob rau hauv niam cov kua mis. Ib tug interesting tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub cov teeb meem no ntau npaum li cas tshaj nyob rau hauv nyuj. Thiab thaum lub sij hawm, tus nqi ntawm cov lysozyme nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj yog ua.

Muramidase muaj peev xwm ntawm cleaving lub cell phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov no qhia rau nws tua kab mob cov khoom. Nplua nuj nyob hauv lysozyme thiab qe dawb. Cov cov nroj tsuag kab mob no tshuaj muaj dib qaub, turnips, zaub qhwv thiab qos liab.

Amylase thiab maltase

Cov kev ua ntawm enzymes ntawm qaub ncaug - yog feem ntau cov kev faib nyiaj ntawm lub secrets mus ua txhaum down polysaccharides. Tag nrho huvsi muaj txog tsib caug. Cov kev sawv daws yuav yog amylase thiab maltase.

Complex carbohydrates kuj hu ua suab thaj. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias lawv yog qab zib mus rau lub saj. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom haus yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv polysaccharides ntawm zaub keeb kwm. Tab sis muaj ib tug Sweet saj nyob rau hauv lawv cov cleavage. Qhov no tshwm sim yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm tus txheej txheem no ua monosaccharides, los yog yooj yim suab thaj. Lawv muaj ib tug tsos.

Yog vim li cas yog tsob nroj khoom noj khoom haus yog nqis li ntawd sai sai? Lub fact tias cov qaub ncaug enzymes pib mus ua txhaum down carbohydrates nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj lawm. Tab sis cov nqaijrog thiab carbohydrates zom rau hauv monomers xwb nyob rau hauv lub plab. Carbohydrates kuj tau muaj yog twb phua thiab npaj txhij rau haum. Yog li ntawd, tsob nroj khoom noj zoo heev tswj lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub digestive system.

Properties qaub ncaug enzymes tam sim no dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, amylase, uas muaj poov xab, ntxiv rau ci khoom los txhim kho lawv zoo. Tab sis lawv muaj nyob rau hauv detergents muaj lub peev xwm mus sai heev nqis hmoov txhuv nplej.

mucin

Cov nuj nqi ntawm lub qaub ncaug tseem yog ib lub qhov ncauj moistening thiab cov khoom noj seem. Nws ua mucin. Qhov no tshuaj yog hu ua hnoos qeev. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws yog ib tug complex protein ua los ntawm, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus amino acids, carbohydrates muaj. Mucin ua qaub ncaug khov vim nws muaj lub peev xwm los khaws dej. Nws envelops chewed zaub mov chunks, uas ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm ntxiv zaj ntawm lub digestive ib ntsuj av. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, hnoos qeev kuj tau tua kab mob cov khoom. Nws tiv thaiv cov kab mob Symptoms rau lub qhov ncauj mucosa, raws li zoo raws li lawv txuam nrog nyob rau hauv nws cov kab noj hniav.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov qaub ncaug

Txheej txheem qaub ncaug reflex tshwm sim. Thaum noj cov khoom noj khoom haus irritates receptors tus nplaig thiab qhov ncauj. Qhov no ua paj impulses uas ua rau piav thoob hlo fibers nyob rau hauv lub medulla oblongata. Muaj qhov chaw ntawm salivation. Los ntawm nws impulses rov qab mus rau lub qog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, salivate. Thaum lub sij hawm lub hnub nws yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug tib neeg rau 1.5 liters. Salivation nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov uas los ncaj qha mus rau lub qhov ncauj, hu ua lub unconditioned.

Tab sis nws yuav tshwm sim tsis muaj lub xub ntiag ntawm khoom noj khoom haus. Piv txwv li, cov qaub ncaug yuav cais nyob rau hauv tib neeg ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov zaub mov los yog nws cov duab, kev nkag siab ntawm tsis hnov tsw, los yog txawm xav txog nws. Cia li nco ntsoov, nws zoo li ib tug qaub txiv qaub. Qhov no tam sim ntawd ua rau salivation. Tiam sis nws muaj los ua ib tug conditioned reflex.

Nws yog hais tias suab tsis sawv tawm thaum lub sij hawm pw tsaug zog qaub ncaug. Txo nws kom muaj nuj nqis thiab thaum lub sij hawm hnyav kev nyuaj siab yam teeb meem, cov kev ntawm cov tshuaj loog, nrog lub cev qhuav dej, paj ntshawv siab, lawm, lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm thiab mob ntshav qab zib.

Nws yog lub npe hu raws li ib tug kab mob nyob rau hauv uas tus nqi ntawm cov qaub ncaug yog tsis txaus. Nws yog hu ua xerostomia. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog qhov ncauj qhuav, ntau viscosity ntawm cov qaub ncaug, cov zaub mov saj insensitivity, mob thaum lub sij hawm nqos thiab hais lus.

nqos khoom noj khoom haus

Cov nuj nqi ntawm lub qaub ncaug, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, ua rau nws ua tau rau ntxiv cov qib ntawm cov zaub mov. Los ntawm lub sij hawm cov zaub mov yog nqos tau, nws yog twb mechanically shredded, ntub thiab cov nqis. Ntxiv cov lus pushes ib tug khoom noj khoom haus pob mus rau lub caj pas. Raws li nws nkag mus rau hauv txoj hlab nqos mov? Qhov no yog vim kev txo ntawm tus nplaig thiab lub caj pas nqaij. Thaum lub sij hawm no, tus nkag mus rau caj pas kaw supraglottic pob txha mos. esophageal phab ntsa nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kuj txo kom tsawg thiab lub pob yuav tsiv mus rau feem ntau txhab ib feem ntawm lub cev lub cev - plab.

Yog li, lub zog ntawm tus tib neeg muaj qaub ncaug nram qab no:

- enzyme - zom cov zaub mov ntawm complex carbohydrates mus rau hauv tej yam yooj yim;

- Tiv Thaiv - neutralization ntawm kab mob, lub zoo ntawm lub qhov ncauj mucosa, muab ib zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv tus hniav enamel, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm organic acids;

- digestive - ntxoov thiab softening ntawm khoom noj khoom haus;

- Lawm - muab mineralization ntawm khoom hniav ntaub so ntswg;

- tu - elution thiab tshem tawm los ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav ntawm txawv teb chaws hais, khoom noj khoom haus residues, kab mob thiab toxins.