Phom loj "trehlineyka": yam ntxwv, cov duab. Yog vim li cas Mosin phom loj hu ua "trehlineykoy"?

Nws cia li thiaj li tshwm sim keeb kwm, tab sis lub qub Soviet Union, muaj coob tus neeg tseem xav hais tias cov phom loj "trehlineyka" thiab Mosin phom loj - yog ob tag ntau hom riam phom. Nws yog ib tug txaj muag tias qhov no yuam kev tseem yuav kis tau ntawm ib leej txiv rau tus tub los rau ob peb tiam. Nws yog lub sij hawm nres thiab kawm cov keeb kwm. Rau cov uas tsis muaj kev txaj muag. Uas yuav tsum tau zoo siab. Hais txog qhov uas koj xav hais. Tom qab tag nrho cov, leej twg tsis paub nws yav dhau los yog tsis tsim nyog ua koj yav tom ntej. Yog thiab yuav nthuav txaus rau tag nrho cov kev loj hlob mus nrhiav seb yog dab tsi zoo ntawm phom loj Mosin yog vim li cas "trehlineyka" thiab yuav ua li cas feem ntau nws yog hais tias nws yog tus tshaj plaws loj heev riam phom nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo.

Tom qab ntawm cov legendary riam phom

By kawg ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog twb tsis zoo nruab technically ntau ua tsis tau zoo tus nrog sib ntaus. Qhov lwm txoj kev sib tw yuav tsum tau riam phom tshiab rau lub muaj koob muaj npe tub rog. Kev siv cov monovalent phom loj Berdan American ntau lawm tsis cog lus yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Nws yuav tsum tau rov qab ua dua riam phom nrog ib tug txhim khu kev qha mechanism.

Grand nyuj nyoos tshaj tawm los ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab tsar, piav nyob rau hauv ntau yam keeb kwm ntaub ntawv thiab twb tsis muaj sib npaug zos nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm. Tsis yog txhua txhua lub xeev muaj kub rau tus tsim thiab mov ntawm ib tug conveyor rov qab ua dua phom loj. Prototypes xa los ntawm lub commission, muaj ntau yam shortcomings. Cov kab lus "hla qhov zoo tshaj plaws piv txwv ntawm dab tsi tus nqi ntawm nws unseemly" poob los ntawm kev huam yuaj uas ib tug ntawm cov mej zeej ntawm pawg, tas ib kev sib tw uas yuav xaiv riam phom. Nws tau txiav txim siab mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug tsib-txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv magazine nrog feeder cartridges tsim los ntawm cov kwv tij Nagan, nyob rau hauv domestic trilinear Mosin phom loj. Rov cov duab, ntau yam hais: "Yog vim li cas phom loj hu ua" trehlineykoy "?"

Peb kab?

Lub npe phom loj muab zoo tib yam cov tub rog, uas yog nyuaj rau hais rau tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov riam phom: "trilinear phom loj qauv 1891 xyoo." Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam teeb meem, qhov no yuav yeej yuav txheeb tawm.

1. Raws li qhov kev pom zoo ntawm cov kwv tij Nagan thiab Tsarist Russia nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov phom loj yog txwv tsis pub muab lub npe ntawm ib tug tib creator, uas yog, "Mosin phom loj" - yog tsis yooj yim sua, thiab "Mosin-Nagant phom loj" yuav ua tau. Nws tsis yog lub npe hu li cas cov kev tuaj nrog cov patriotic lub tswv yim, tab sis kom txog thaum lub nruab nrab-thib nees nkaum caug xyoo, lub riam phom ris lub siab lub npe ntawm "phom loj trehlineyka". Yog vim li cas xws li ib tug lub npe? Tag nrho ua tsaug rau lub caliber ntawm lub mos txwv.
2. Lavxias teb sab kev ntsuas ntawm ntev "kab" no yog sib npaug zos rau 2,54 hli, thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov nplej sib cais rau yub. Lub dav ntawm lub grain ntawm hom qoob mog yog ib tug zoo kab. Berdan caliber phom loj yog 4 kab - 10,16 hli. Yuav kom txhim kho txoj kev kawm yam ntxwv ntawm cov phom loj, nws twb txiav txim siab los txo qhov luaj li cas. Tsis centimeters los yog millimeters yog tsis zoo li cas kom txo tau? Nyob rau ib lub kab! Raws li ib tug tshwm sim caliber phom loj los ua 7,62 hli, thiab lub teb tseem ceeb yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov riam phom npe.

Lub apparatus thiab specifications

Muaj yog ib tug feature, vim uas tau saws lub muaj koob muaj npe tub rog tau txais "trehlineyka". Cov phom loj muaj cov kev yam ntxwv yog suab li muaj ntau yam ntawm nws cov neeg sib tw, raws li muaj tim khawv los cov duab npaum li cas los reporters los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm li cas los, nws yog ib lub ntiaj teb no tsuas riam phom uas yuav sai sai lauj thiab sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv lub battlefield. Tag nrho ua tsaug rau cov simplicity ntawm tus tsim - yog tsis muaj nyuab mechanisms. Mainspring nrog drummer muab tso rau hauv qho. Nws compression tshwm sim nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm txhob xauv lub qhov shutter. Thaum lub sij hawm uas nws kaw tshwm sim platoon drummer. Yuav kom muab tso txoj kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv nws rab phom, koj yuav tsum ua rau lub rear ntug ntawm lub shutter, rub rau tsis ua hauj lwm rov qab thiab tig counterclockwise. Cov tib txhais "trehlineyku" yuav muab txhais ua lub firing txoj hauj lwm los rub nws mus rau tag nrho.

Nws yog noteworthy uas cov phom loj "trehlineyka" dlej hluav taws yam ntxwv teev tsuas nrog taag bayonet. Qhov no yog hais tias ib qho nyuaj, sorokasantimetrovy bayonet yog ib tug counterbalance thaum firing, muab lub cev throws li thaum lub sij hawm txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv - qhov teeb meem no tau lawm tsau xwb nyob rau hauv 1938. Lavxias teb sab armourers.

Modifications nyob rau hauv tsim bullets

Chuck "trehlineyki" tsim Vetlischev Lavxias teb sab designer, raws li nyob rau hauv lub tes tsho Lebel. Lub raj mis-puab nrog ib tug protruding di ncauj dispensed Lavxias teb sab ntau pheej yig dua tsho nrog ib tug annular groove, uas yog cov yuav raug ntau dua xav tau thaum lub sij hawm ua. Nrog blunt taw mos txwv, borrowed, raws li nws muab tawm thaum Ntsuam xyuas cov yees duab, cov Fabkis, dhau lawm, muaj ib co teeb meem. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv sai sai poob ceev thiab yog ices ntawm ntev mus. qhov kev txiav txim siv ib tug ntse zoo tau txais nyob rau hauv 1908. Qhov kev hloov phom loj "trehlineyka" ntau ntawm ib lub mos txwv tau txog ob kilometers. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntse lub mos txwv, uas tau txais, lwm yam kuaj ntawm me me caj npab twb tsim - ib tug tshuab rab phom "Maxim", SVD, SVT-40.

Infantry phom loj Mosin

Phom loj "trehlineyka" tsim rau lub infantry, muaj ib tug ntev lub thoob, sib npaug zos rau 800 hli. Nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub bayonet thiab taub qab tag nrho ntev yog 1738 hli. Muab tus luj ntawm cov phom loj (4.5 kg), nws yuav muab sau tseg tias caj npab tau es cumbersome. Txij li thaum lub firing ntawm lub Mosin phom loj tsis bayonets yog ices, riam phom yuav tsum tau muab siv rau luv luv mus. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Lavxias teb sab-Japanese ua tsov ua rog, nrog rau siab puas lub hwj chim "trehlineyki" Kuv pom ib tug xov tooj ntawm shortcomings. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nws tau pom tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm heev shooting chim heats, hlawv xub ob txhais tes. Ib tug thib ob tseem ceeb drawback yog unreliable bayonet mount, uas thiav los ntawm heev so. Tom qab tsov rog nws tau txiav txim siab kom txhob tso tawm ntawm infantry phom.

"Trehlineyki" Dragoon thiab Cossack qauv

Nrog rau phom rau lub infantry ua tso "trehlineek" rau lub cavalry thiab cov Cossacks nrog ib tug shortened 70 mm chim. Me ntsis poob nyob rau hauv thawj zaug kev ceev ntawm lub mos txwv, rab phom qhia tau hais tias kev tshwm sim zoo li tus shooting nrog ib tug bayonet, thiab tsis muaj nws. Dragoon phom loj "trehlineyka" tseem nkag nrog ib tug bayonet, tab sis lub Cossack cavalry, nws yog obviously tsis tsim nyog. Muaj polukilogrammovuyu txawv nyob rau hauv qhov nyhav thiab ntev luv dua infantry phom rau ob txhais taw - nws yog ib tug txawv kiag li "trehlineyka". Hnav, compact thiab tuag riam phom sai li sai tau los ua nrov ntawm cov tub rog, raws li evidenced los ntawm ntau yam duab thaum lub sij hawm. Piv txwv hais tias twb tau muaj hnub nyoog flaws nyob rau hauv ib tug coj txawv txawv qhov chaw nyob ramrod thiab txaav ntawm hnav xwb nyob rau sab laug lub xub pwg, tab sis lawv sib tshooj tactical thiab kev yam ntxwv ntawm riam phom. Zoo tswv yim los ntawm cov tub rog uas tau siv lub zog phom loj, yuam gunsmiths los txhim lawv tsim thiab kom hloov mus rau tsim. Thiab muaj ib zaug xwb phom loj Mosin - "trehlineyka" qauv nyob rau hauv 1930.

Mosin-Nagant nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj thiab cov tub ceev xwm

Nws yog noteworthy tias cov muaj koob muaj npe tub rog cov tub rog saib xyuas ntawm tej cuab yeej, sawv nyob rau cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub Navy thiab tus tub ceev xwm. "Trehlineyka" nws twb xa nrog revolvers "phom", cov neeg tsav nkoj thiab tus tiv thaiv ntawm txoj cai thiab kev txiav txim. Cov phom loj yog tauj tsis bayonet thiab ho zog. Bore riam phom txaus siab lub npe ntawm "carbine Mosin." Thaum lub thoob phom loj 510 hli zuag qhia tag nrho ntev ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib 'meter'. Nyhav riam phom nrog rau tag nrho cov mos txwv tsis pub tshaj plaub kilograms. Cia tus pib tshaj tawm los ntawm lub mos txwv yog qis tshaj qhov ntev-barreled phom, ib tug carbine tseem pom ib tug zoo shooting kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub Middle, thiab nyob ntev ntau. Ntes thiab weaknesses nyob rau hauv tej caj npab - ib tug heev luv luv ntsia liaj qhov rooj kov rau hauv lub kaw txoj hauj lwm twb muab tso rau mus rau ib sab, tsim tsis xis nyob thaum tsiv cov phom loj thaum lub sij hawm shooting.

Ob peb hloov khoom dua tshiab "trehlineyki"

Noj rau hauv tus account cov lus ntawm cov tub rog txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm riam phom phom loj "trehlineyka" tau raug hloov. Chiv, nyob rau hauv 1923, raws li ib puag, nws twb txiav txim siab mus rau tawm hauv dragoon phom loj. Nyob rau hauv 1930 nws hloov tag nrho lub system ntawm lub xub ntiag. Tav los ua kawm tiav nyob rau hauv meters, thiab yoov tau txais lub nplhaib fuse. ntoo ncej ntev tau nce los ntawm yuav luag tag nrho ntev ntawm lub thoob. Qhov no innovation los tiv thaiv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov tub rog los ntawm lo kub yus. Hloov riam phom twb raug cai hu ua Mosin phom loj. Nyob rau hauv 1944 nws hloov ramrod thiab bayonet fastening, pheej muaj teeb meem uas muaj "trehlineyka". Phom loj bayonet tau txais ntxeev sab, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv German riam phom ntawm lub sij hawm.

Kev hloov kho "trehlineek" rau tshwj xeeb rog

Mosin phom loj ( "trehlineyka") thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog nws yog nrov ntawm cov snipers tau: cia li saib cov duab uas nto moo heroes ntawm tsov rog. Tactical thiab kev yam ntxwv ntawm riam phom tso cai rau sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog ob kilometers. Ib tug zoo ntau yam ntawm cov hluav taws thiab siab puas hwj chim tau ua qhov yooj yim rau kev xaiv riam phom rau snipers. Xub thawj, lub developers siv ib phom loj theej lub Germans plaub-lub sij hawm kho qhov muag pom PE. Txawm li cas los, tus nqi thiab complexity ntawm nws raug tau coj mus rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv 1942 tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab 3.5-quav PU tau, uas tsom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv battles nrog lub zoo tshaj plaws tes. Scouts tau los lub siab "trehlineyka". Phom loj rau qhov no zoo ntawm pab tub rog twb nruab nrog ib tug silencer, uas yog tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov kwv tij Mitin ( "Bram" ntaus ntawv). Raws li ib tug riam phom nrog ib tug silencer thiab optics thov ua phem rau lwm ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog.

Nthuav Soviet myths xwb hais txog "trehlineykah"

Yog vim li cas Mosin phom loj hu ua "trehlineykoy", peb to taub. Nws tseem mus to taub dab tsi txog cov myths xwb yog tseem dhau los ntawm lub qhov ncauj rau qhov ncauj rau yuav luag ib xyoo pua, tsis tsuas yog hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab mus rau bears, tab sis kuj cov nplej zom thiab luam yeeb 7,62. Zoo li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm zus tau tej cov tsov rog nyob rau hauv ib qho instant yuav hloov dua siab tshiab rau zus tau tej cov mos txwv rau cov phom loj "trehlineyke" Mosin. Nws yuav muaj tseeb?

Lavxias teb sab kev ntsuas tau nquag siv, thiab tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub Tsarist tsoom fwv, nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thaum ntxov. Lub teb chaws twb ua tau thiab tsa nyob rau hauv lawv ko taw tag nrho cov hom ntawm industries. Nws tuaj rau cov zaub mov thiab luam yeeb khoom. Technologists twb feem ntau twb laus uas tsis tshwj xeeb yog xav kom tsiv mus nyob rau ib tug tshiab kev ntsuas ntawm ntev, ces siv tib lub cov kab ntau lawm. Nws yog txaus muab lub pasta thiab luam yeeb nyob rau hauv loj 4 los yog 2 kab, thiab txhua yam yuav poob rau hauv qhov chaw. Noj rau hauv tus account uas nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm technology kev lag luam tsis tau hloov txij qhov kev siv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, koj muaj peev xwm ua rau koj tus kheej cov lus xaus txog cov myths xwb.