Paj Huam "Lub footmen nyob mus ib txhis teb chaws Europe" Pushkin sau

Lub sij hawm tam sim no yooj yim. Zog ntawm Guj kuj - ib lub teb chaws hais tias muaj ntau cov kws txawj geopolitical neej nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov '90s muaj ibtxhi thiab yuav sai sai no yuav cov dismemberment, - mam li nco dheev pib dua los qhia tias koj nyob mus ib txhis uas fav xeeb kev npau taws. Attempts mus las mees cov kev txaus siab ntawm lub hwj chim thiab khiav mus rau hauv ib qho kev npaj txhij txog kuj. Tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tragic txheej xwm noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub zos nyob sib ze lub teb chaws, muaj ib tug tej yam ntuj tso paj nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas nrog tej lub sijhawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov neeg nyob rau hauv Russia xyoo dhau los. tom nqe "lackeys nyob mus ib txhis teb chaws Europe" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv electronic media. Pushkin, tus poj Lavxias teb sab paj huam, twb tshaj tawm hais tias los ntawm tus sau. Raws li lwm version, cov khoom los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm Tiutchev.

Yog, Cov lus no yog muaj tseeb tiag? Nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo txheeb tawm.

Philological pom los yog tias zaj lus sib dhos nrog cov lo lus "cov teb chaws Europe"

Philology cov kws txawj tam sim ntawd mas ob lub ntsiab versions ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm authorship "nyob mus ib txhis lackeys ntawm cov teb chaws Europe." Pushkin thiab Tiutchev tsis yog pib sib dhos "Europe" nrog "kev" - yog tsis muaj raws li lub tswvyim ntawm belles-lettres, yeej lub twenties-thirties ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Los ntawm nruab nrab-xyoo pua, xws sim heev sarcastically luag thuam paj huam Zhemchuzhnikova cov kwv tij, Alexei Tolstoy thiab koom nrog lawv A. Ammos united nyob rau hauv lub collective pseudonym Kozmy Prutkova. Tej niaj hnub sib dhos los qhia rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub tom qab tej hauj lwm, tej zaum txawm niaj hnub no. Stylistically, nws yog reminiscent ntawm ib nqe ntawm Pushkin. "Lub footmen nyob mus ib txhis teb chaws Europe" nyob rau hauv tune nrog lub Ode "hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam", lub npe hu ua "tua ntawm Russia".

Pushkin lub paj huam ntawm xyoo 1831

Zog ntawm Guj kuj - lub teb chaws yog li ntawd loj loj, uas raug kev sim siab los txo nws loj tau pheej tsis meej pem lub minds ntawm European rulers. Rau lub hom phiaj no lawv siv tej kev zam txim rau. Nyob rau hauv thaum xyoo 1830 nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub faj tim teb chaws riots tsoo tawm, tom qab ntawd hu ua lub uprising. Alexander, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub tseemceeb heev yam ntxwv rau ntau yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub neej ntawm nws lub sij hawm, yog ib tug patriot, thiab tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm separatism (nyob rau hauv niaj hnub nqe lus) ntaus nqi nrog kev ua siab phem. Nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem, nws kom meej meej tseg rau hauv lawv daim ntawv ua hauj lwm - retort mus rau lub tua ntawm Russia. Thaj, feem ntau ntawm cov niaj hnub nyeem yam no Ode sau nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo, Lub yim hli ntuj 2, 1831, nrog rau cov paj huam "Lub footmen nyob mus ib txhis teb chaws Europe." Pushkin twb angered los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub Fabkis tsoom fwv los mus muab direct tub rog pab mus rau Polish insurgents, thiab yav tom ntej, tsis tshua mince lus, cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub tu siab txoj hmoo ntawm "ntawm nechuzhdyh Hleb", recalling tus txheej xwm ntawm kaum yim-xyoo-laus. Keeb kwm, raws li peb paub, yog rov qab.

thawj qhov chaw

Puas muaj cov paj huam "Lub footmen nyob mus ib txhis teb chaws Europe" Pushkin sau? Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom no, thaum koj sim mus nrhiav nws, yog tsis paub. Reference khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev collections ntawm tus poj poet tej hauj lwm kuj tsis muab tej yam ntaub ntawv. Raws caij tsis muaj peb, tsis muaj nws tsis yog ib yam ntawm cov paub lub sij hawm ntawm creativity. Cov tau muab thiab ua kom nrhiav tau ib yam dab tsi uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv Tiutchev. Critics ntawm no mus kom ze rau lub meej ntawm lub authorship tej zaum yuav cam hais tias ib co ntse heev tej hauj lwm tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub official PSA rau ntau yam yog vim li cas. Tej zaum Pushkin lub paj huam "Lub footmen nyob mus ib txhis teb chaws Europe" yog li ntawd seditious, uas nyob rau hauv cov huab tais, los yog nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm lub censors tsis tau twv kom muaj nws kev nyeem ntawv pej xeem? Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog tsis muaj dab tsi uas yuav cuam tshuam lub "satraps", tab sis yog tus huab tais, txawm tias tus soviets. Thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv txwv tsis pub cov khoom uas tsis zoo heev txhim khu kev qha. Feem ntau ntawm cov "tsis pub leejtwg paub" thiab obscenely tsim-tej hauj lwm ntaus nqi mus rau qhov zoo kawg thiab kws sau paj lug, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo rau nws. Qhov no yog rawsli feem ntau los ntawm lawv cov mediocrity.

Yog vim li cas ascribe authorship Pushkin?

Alexander ua "peb tag nrho", ib tug qhov tseeb hais tias, alas, ua si ib tug coj txawv txawv lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov qib ntawm tus poj Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Schoolchildren yog cia yuam kom cim nws tej hauj lwm, feem ntau tsis ua me nyuam ntes uas fascinating kev zoo nkauj thiab txawj ntse uas ci ntawm txhua nqe vaj lug kub ntawm Pushkin. "Lub footmen nyob mus ib txhis teb chaws Europe" ntaus nqi "lub ntsiab Lavxias teb sab paj huam" tej zaum yuav tej zaum kuj consciously - muab tus luj ntawm cov khoom no nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus uninitiated pej xeem. Tseem yuav tau no tsis muaj tsis muaj. Nyob rau hauv A. S. Pushkina muaj ntau ntau nqe ntawm kaj patriotic, thiab yog hais tias lawv tsis txaus, koj muaj peev xwm nyeem nws xov xwm nrog cov phooj ywg, nyob rau hauv uas nws kom meej meej tsis tso yuam cai rau lub teb chaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm neeg txawv teb chaws. Thiab qhov ntau tej teeb meem distortion ntawm qhov tseeb, thaum cov paj huam yog tiag tiag sau.

Qhov tseeb sau

Elena Fominichna Lavrenteva, ua nyob rau hauv 1971 ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Writers 'Union, muab ob lub kaum os cov phau ntawv (thawj luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1964), ua hauj lwm nrog cov magazine "Hluas" rau ib xyoo caum, ib tug zoo kawg li kws sau paj lug, yog cov neeg sau ntawm cov paj huam "Lub footmen nyob mus ib txhis teb chaws Europe." Pushkin tsis tau sau ntawv. Tus thawj lub npe hu ntawv coj qhov chaw Lub kaum hli ntuj 23, 2003. Lub npe ntawm cov khoom :. "Lub thiaj li hu ua cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub Galician" Nws cia li thiaj li tshwm sim hais tias nws twb ua ntau thiab ntau ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis vim hais tias cov paj huam lub koob meej loj hlob, thiab nyob rau hauv Ukraine, thiab txawv teb chaws. Nws sau nyob rau hauv Donetsk thiab fij tseg rau "lub heroes ntawm lub Maidan," lwm thawj. Poet, los yog es, lub kws sau paj lug, twb tsis tau hnov dab tsi.

Elena Fominichna paub tseeb tias nws yog zoo hais tias nws tsis attribute cov paj huam rau leej twg tab sis nws tus kheej Aleksandru Sergeevichu. Nws yog - nws tsis, nws yog - ua tsaug. Thiab nws, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm lwm zoo kawg li kws sau paj lug, tswv ntawm cov lo lus tswv. Cov neeg.