Ostap Vishnya: biography, creativity, lub neej thiab ib daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws neeg, tsis zoo li cov tsiaj - ib tug nkag siab ntawm kev lom zem thiab muaj peev xwm rau luag. Seb qhov no yog muaj tseeb, yuav hais tsuas hais tias cov geneticist, thiab ces ib puas xyoo, ob puas, thaum thaum kawg txheeb tawm nrog tib neeg DNA. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb ib tug yuav tsum paub tseeb tias xyov tam sim no - muaj peev xwm kov yeej tag nrho los xij kev lom zem ua lub neej tsis tsuas muaj yeeb yuj, tab sis kuj lom zem ntau dua.

Ostap Vishnya, uas nws biography yog txaus siab rau ntau yam ntawm nws kiv cua - tus txiv neej nyuaj hmoo. Nws poob mus ciaj sia ob lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog, ib tug kiv puag ncig thiab kev hloov ntawm ob peb nom tswv regimes. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ob peb lub sij hawm nws yog nyob rau hauv lub brink ntawm txoj kev tuag, thiab kuj tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub camp rau ntau xyoo nyob rau trumped-up nqi. Txawm li cas los, txawm tag nrho cov txheej xwm, nws muaj peev xwm nyob twj ywm ncaj ncees thiab tsim nyog txiv neej, thiab tsis tau poob ib lub siab ntawm txuas luag, ua rau nws luag nrog tsheej lab ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv.

Biography Ostap Cherry (Paul Hubenko): thaum yau txawj sau ntawv

Chaw yug ntawm neeg tuaj dab ros nyob rau hauv ib tug tsev neeg dog dig teb nyob rau hauv lub Poltava cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Kaum ib hlis 1989 (tam sim no nrog. Grun Sumy cheeb tsam). Dhau li nws, cov niam txiv muaj kaum me nyuam. Dua li ntawm qhov nyuaj lub neej thiab kev txom nyem, cov niam txiv tau zus thiab pab mus rau sawv ntsug rau tag nrho nws cov me nyuam. Nws yog noteworthy hais tias ib tug ntawm cov kwv tij Ostap txiv ntoo qab zib kuj los ua ib tug txawj sau ntawv-humorist nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym Vasil Chechvyansky. Cov pheej thiab ib tug ntawm Paul tus muam - Catherine. Tab sis tsis ntev nws txhob txwm tshaj tawm uas cov zajlus ua hauj lwm, kev sib cav nws txiav txim li hais tias lawv tsev neeg thiab ntau yam thiaj li sau ntawv.

Raws li Povlauj hlob tuaj, nws twb raug xa mus kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv Zenkovsky. Tom qab nws kawm tiav feemxyuam txiv leej tub ntxiv nws kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tub rog tsev kho mob ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kiev. Tom qab nws Hubenko kaum yim xyoo, thiab nws muaj peev xwm kom tau ib txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug paramedic.

Thaum xub thawj nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, tab sis tom qab yog tau txais tus neeg txhais lus nyob rau hauv phais Kiev tsev kho mob South Western Railways. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Paul yog tau qhia lawv tus kheej zoo nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, nws xav mus sau. Uas yog vim li cas nws mob siab rau nws lub sij hawm spare rau nws tus kheej-kev kawm ntawv. Nws dag zog twb tsis nyob rau hauv vain, thiab nws tau tso rau lwm xeem nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-yim xyoo nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas tso cai rau nws mus nkag rau hauv University of Kiev. Tu siab, Paul yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus tag rau nws, vim hais tias cov kiv puag ncig tsoo tawm, thiab tom qab lub Civil War.

Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Civil War

Raws li official biography Ostap txiv ntoo qab zib, nyob rau hauv 1918 nws tau nais tau sau tseg rau hauv cov kev kho mob yog ib feem ntawm lub Ukrainian neeg Army (tej zaum cov tub rog tsim hu ua "Petlura"). Niaj hnub no nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais tias yuav ua li cas npaum li cas nws muab qhia lawv cov kev ntseeg, tab sis raws li ib tug kws kho mob, nws yuav tsum tau pab tus raug mob. Thiab Paul ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv no, raws li rau ib lub xyoo nws muaj peev xwm sawv rau cov nyob qib raws li thawj ntawm lub railway noj qab haus huv kev tswj ntawm UNR.

Nyob rau hauv peb caug xyoo Pavel Gubenko twb ntes los ntawm cov Communist. Ntawm no, nws suav hais tias heev tseem ceeb "tshaaj" thiab xa mus rau Kharkov, nyob qhov twg nws npaj mus tua. Txawm li cas los, raws li qhov sij hawm tuaj txog rau cov kws ntawv tau sai muab ib chav tsev nyob rau hauv ib tug communal chav tsev, txawm tias kev saib xyuas tshaj nws sab laug. Yog li ntawd Ostap Vishnya (biography ntawm tus sau tsis muaj tseeb cov lus qhia, vim li cas nws tshwm sim, nws twb rumored uas ib tug ntawm cov ua hauj lwm, uas hlub cov creativity ntawm cov tub ntxhais txawj sau ntawv, nws thov rau kev zam txim thiab secured tsev nyob) rau cov thawj lub sij hawm dim tiav.

Txawm tias tsov rog thiab ib tug ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob, Paul Hubenko nquag sau ntawv. sau luam tawm thawj ntawm nws tus kheej satirical daim ntawv hu ua "Demokratichnі kho kom zoo Denіkіna" ua ntej kev poob cev qhev. Qhov no ua hauj lwm ncaj sai sai tau chaw raws li tus sau precisely thiab scathingly luag thuam cov shortcomings ntawm lub UNR tsoom fwv thiab nws cov kev cai. Txawm li cas los, nws tseem nyob rau hauv lub sab zoo tib yam cov neeg zoo li nws niam nws txiv. Ntxiv mus, raws li lub recollections ntawm nws cov txheeb ze thiab cov phooj ywg, nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm Hubenko pom txoj kev hlub rau nws cov neeg thiab lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm tag nrho cov kev qaug zog thiab shortcomings. Qhov no ua hauj lwm, nws kos npe rau pseudonym Pavel Grunsky.

Creativity thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm Soviet hwj chim

Tom qab qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov thawj ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov satires nyob rau hauv tib pseudonym ua heev feem ntau tshwm nyob rau hauv xovxwm. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1921, nws tau luam tawm tus naas ej ua hauj lwm "Cov Kooks їy Vajtswv!", Uas twb ua ntej kos npe rau ib cuav npe Ostap Vishnya.

Biography ntawm tus kws nrog tib lub sij hawm uas muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej. Yog li ntawd, tom qab qhov kawg tuaj txog ntawm Soviet hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Ukraine Ostap txiv ntoo qab zib tau acquitted ntawm cov nqi, thiab nws pib coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv cov kev cai thiab publishing lub neej ntawm lawv lub teb chaws. Tus kws sau ntawv ua ib tug neeg sab nrauv rau ntau phau ntawv sau cov koom haum xws li "Hart" (Community proletarian Ukrainian sau ntawv) thiab "khais" (neeg pluag lub zej lub zos ntawm sau ntawv ntawm Ukraine) thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsab ntawm lub satirical magazine "Liab kua txob" (tom qab lub npe hu ua "kua txob"). Nws yog thawj ob tshooj ntawm cov zauv tuaj nyob rau hauv nws cov lus. Tom qab ntawd, nws kwv nws tij, satirist Vasil Chechvyansky, tau txais kev pab raws li editor ntawm lub magazine. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub npe hu active ua hauj lwm ntawm tus kws nyob rau hauv lub organizing pawg neeg ntawm lub Union ntawm Writers.

Dua li ntawm qhov kev cov nyom ntawm txoj kev ib tug tshiab tsoom fwv, kev tsuj, tsis muaj khoom noj khoom haus thiab tag nrho tej yam yuav tsum, cov txawj sau ntawv tsis plam nws optimism thiab tseem sau. Raws li ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub "Plough", nws daig rau lawv lub ntsiab postulate - mus sau nyob rau hauv Ukrainian. Tsaug rau tus txiv neej no yuav sai sai no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - "usmіshka" ( "Smile"). Qhov no zoo ntawm hybrid feuilleton nrog humorous daim nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov style.

Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm ntawm no thiab tom ntej sij hawm Ostap Vishnya, uas nws biography yog feem ntau yog muab piv rau cov biography ntawm Gogol, txuas ntxiv qhov satirical kev lig kev cai ntawm lub yav tas, li zoo li Saltykov-Shchedrin, Chekhov, thiab Ukrainian sau ntawv - Shevchenko, Franco thiab lwm tus neeg.

Ntes thiab xyoo ntawm raug kaw

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Ostap Cherry zam txim rau nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub UPR nyob rau hauv 1930 nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov zajlus magazine luam tawm ib tug tseem ceeb heev hauv tsab xov xwm los ntawm Alekseya Poltoratskogo rau cov txawj sau ntawv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Tom qab Povlauj cov raug ntes ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd nws twb dua reprinted ib tug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov feem ntau nyuaj lub sij rau Ukraine nyob rau hauv 1933, tus kws Ostap Cherry liam ntawm kev ua phem thiab cov los ntawm ib qho ntawm tog cov thawj coj thiab xa mus rau lub gulag rau kaum xyoo. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais tias nws tau pab mus rau raug ntes. Tej zaum qhov sau ntawv ntawm yav dhau los, tej zaum, nws ua siab tawv qhawv nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv nws sau ntawv nws Ostap Vishnya hais tias tej zaum nws yog yooj yim los tham txog ib yam dab tsi tseem ceeb thiab loj heev raws li ib tug dag, raws li ntev raws li censorship thiab lub siab ibyam yuav to taub li cas muaj ntsev, nws yuav tsum tau luam.

Raws li Declassified archives ntawm lub sij hawm nws yog lub npe hu hais tias rau Ostap Cherry lossi spied rau. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm nws los nrhiav, tab sis hloov lawv tej siab. Nyob rau hauv nws cov tsiaj ntawv thiab hmoov ntawm Pavel Hubenko es sharply teb txog laij koj tawm txoj cai Ukrainians tag nrho cov tsev neeg, thiab kwv yees qhov kev tshaib plab nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv 1928, uas yog, tsib xyoo ua ntej nws pib. Tej zaum qhov no yog qhov kawg straw, thiab coj mus rau lub ntes thiab cuav nqi.

Nws yog tau hais tias, txawm tag nrho cov mishaps, cov txawj sau ntawv yog heev muaj hmoo mus ciaj sia tag nrho, rov qab los thiab ua neej nyob mus txog kev ncaj ncees. Tseeb, muaj ntau ntawm nws cov khub sau ntawv raug tua nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo. Nws cov kwv tij raug tua nyob rau hauv 1937.

Heev tib Paul Hubenko tsis txhob xws li ib tug txoj hmoo nyob rau hauv lub camp yuav tsuas marvel. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, thiab tua nws tus tij laug Vasil, mus rau ib tug ua hauj lwm rau Ukhta-Pechora camp, qhov uas nws ua hauj lwm tag nrho cov xyoo ntawm nws kab lus tus txawj sau ntawv, tuaj qhov kev txiav txim ua rau ib tug tshiab batch ntawm neeg raug kaw, uas yuav tsum tuaj txog sai sai. Txhais ua uas tsis yog-official lus, qhov kev txiav txim meant mus tua ib co ntawm cov neeg raug kaw. Ua li no, lawv raug xa mus rau ib tug neighboring cheeb tsam. Kuv muab thiab Ostap Vishnya Cov no bombings. Txawm li cas los, vim rau huab cua tej yam kev mob kev ntawm neeg raug kaw mus rau lub chaw uas muab tau qeeb. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub camp commander twb muab tshem tawm, thiab qhov kev txiav txim mus tua cov txawj sau ntawv tau raug poob (raws li lwm qhov chaw, cov kev tswj tsuas spared cov txawj sau ntawv).

Hais txog lub xyoo ntawm lub xaus ntawm tus txiv neej no, tsis hais nws tus poj niam Barbara Maslyuchenko, uas rau lub hom phiaj ntawm nws tus hlub tus txiv txawb ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub capital thiab xa mus rau Siberia. Ntawm no nws nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze lub zos ntawm kaum xyoo nyob rau hauv tsev rau txim Ostap txiv ntoo qab zib. Nyob rau hauv 1943, tom qab pab lawv tag nrho cov sij hawm, cov txawj sau ntawv twb tso tawm.

Biography ntawm Ostap txiv ntoo qab zib: lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm tom qab tso tawm

Thaum rov qab los ntawm raug kaw, cov txawj sau ntawv txuas ntxiv nws ua hauj lwm. Thaum lub sij hawm hauv lub xyoo ntawm exile, nws tsis sau dab tsi nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yog tsis muaj cov lus qhia txog tej hauj lwm Ostap Cherry lub sij hawm ntawm txim.

nws cov thawj creation tom qab tso tawm tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1944 - "Zenіtka". Nyeem nws, koj yuav xav tias cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub caij ntawm tsab ntawv sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws tseem yuav ua rau kev tso dag, tab sis nws lom zem ntau secretive. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem nrog cov tub ceev xwm thiab censorship, Cherry nce nkag mus rau hauv lawv cov luag thiab cov duab ntawm lub cev pib rau tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm raws li tab sis yog tsis rau nws tus kheej cov lus, thiab nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm lub views ntawm lwm tus neeg. Dua li no, tus neeg sau ntawm tej hauj lwm tseem yuav txaus siab rau zoo kawg muaj koob meej ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv.

Tom qab lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, muaj tswv yim thiab biography (Ostap Vishnya rov mus rau lub magazine "Kua txob" thiab devotes ib tug ntau ntawm kev rau siab ua hauj lwm rau nws), cov kws ntawv yog ntau twj ywm thiab balanced. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, tus sau nws tsis txhob kov nom ua tswv thiab prefers sau txog xwm thiab lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv 1955, thaum lub sij hawm "thaw" Ostap Vishnya thiab nws tus tij laug raug tua rehabilitated thiab acquitted. Tus kws sau ntawv thiab nws tus poj niam muaj peev xwm rov qab mus rau Kiev, nyob qhov twg nws tuag ib xyoo tom qab. Nyob rau hauv 1991, lub Kiev studio tau dramatized nws biography. Ostap Vishnya twb qhia luv luv lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Tus zaj duab xis tau hu ua "Los ntawm lub neej ntawm Ostap Cherry", thiab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus kws superbly tua Bohdan Stupka.

Tej hauj lwm thiab cov phau ntawv ntawm cov neeg sau

Ib tug interesting cov keeb kwm fact: cov Ukrainian sau ntawv Ostap Cherry khoom nyob qib thib ob nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov phau ntawv muag (thawj, ntawm chav kawm, yog mus rau lub legendary Bard). Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 33 lub xyoos, nws tau sau tsuas yog ob tug satires, thiab 35 - raws li muaj ntau yam raws li 270!

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua ntej nws raug ntes lossi los ib tug sau ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, feem ntau ntawm cov publishers ntawm lub USSR muaj honored feuilletonistic thaum nws tau kos npe los ntawm tus pseudonym Ostap Vishnya. Biography (ib daim ntawv teev qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv yog muab hauv qab) cov txawj sau ntawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas nws muaj peev xwm mus los ntawm ib lub sij hawm ntawm loj heev purges vim hais tias ntawm lub extraordinary muaj koob meej ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv.

Ib co ntawm cov feem ntau nrov tej hauj lwm thiab cov phau ntawv Ostap txiv ntoo qab zib:

• Humoresque "Kuv avtobіografіya" (1927);
• feuilletons "Mislivskі usmіshki" series (tso tawm tom qab nws tuag, nyob rau hauv 1958, nws muaj cov feem ntau nyiam nyeem cov dab neeg hais txog kev yos hav zoov);
• collections "Vishnevі usmіshki Silski", "Vishnevі usmіshki teatralnі", "Vishnevі usmіshki krimskі", "Vishnevі usmіshki zakordonnі", "Ukraїnіzuymos" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv tej hauj lwm pib rau koj tsiv txij thaum 1926. Tus thawj yog cov phau ntawv "dab neeg." Lub richest nyob rau hauv tus neeg txhais lus yog nyob rau hauv 1927, thiab tom qab cov txawj sau ntawv tau txais tsawg xim. Ib tug tshiab surge nyob rau hauv muaj koob meej ntawm Ostap Cherry pib nyob rau hauv lub fifties. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov no twb dab neeg hais txog kev yos hav zoov thiab pej xeem cov tales ntawm tus kws. Kom txog thaum lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR lub rooj sib tham ntawm xaiv tej hauj lwm Ostap Cherry tseg luam tawm ob nyob rau hauv Ukrainian thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab thiab ib co lwm hom lus.

Hais txog lub neej ntawm no zoo kawg li tus txiv neej muaj peev xwm hais ntau ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv kev, hais txog dab tsi zoo ntawm tus txiv neej nws yog thiab yuav ua li cas spared tsis muaj dab tsi los pab nws cov phooj ywg. Nws yog ib heev tu siab tias hnub no nws ua hauj lwm tsis yog li nrov raws li nws yog ua ntej, thiab nws sau tej hauj lwm, koj yuav yog yuav tom ib tug dev mub ua lag luam los yog download tau los ntawm hauv Internet. Nws tseem yog heev tsis muaj hmoo tias lub biographers feem ntau mas tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm nws raug kaw, thiab tau nws lub neej yog tseem muaj ib tug ntau ntawm kaj thiab tsis muaj ib tug tsis ntseeg, interesting lub sijhawm uas nws hais tias yuav yog ntawm kev txaus siab rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv.