Oscillating Circuit Court - qhov no yog ... Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam

Oscillating Circuit Court - ib tug ntaus ntawv rau generating (tsim) ntawm electromagnetic oscillations. Los ntawm nws inception rau tam sim no hnub nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev thiab hauj chaw xws li los ntawm lub neej txhua hnub kom loj factories ua sib txawv heev khoom.

Ntawm cas nws muaj?

Lub oscillation Circuit Court muaj xws li ib tug kauj thiab ib tug capacitor. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj tej zaum kuj yuav muaj tam sim no resistor (nce mus nce los kuj caij). Ib inductor (los yog solenoid, raws li nws hu tej zaum ua) yog ib tug pas nrig nyob rau hauv uas windings yog lub qhov txhab ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, uas feem ntau yog ib tug tooj liab hlau. Nws yog ib qhov keeb tsim oscillations nyob rau hauv lub oscillatory Circuit Court. Ib tug bar, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, feem ntau hu ua zawm caj pas yog, los yog cov tub ntxhais, thiab cov kauj yog tej zaum hu ua ib tug solenoid.

oscillating Circuit Court kauj tsim oscillations tsuas yog muab ceev cia xwb. Thaum dua ib tug tam sim no los ntawm nws, nws accumulates ib tug xwb uas ces muab rau hauv Circuit Court thaum lub voltage dauv.

kauj nyob ntawm tej feem ntau muaj ib tug heev tsawg kuj, uas ib txwm tshua tas li. Lub oscillation Circuit Court Circuit Court feem ntau tshwm sim hloov nyob rau hauv voltage thiab amperage. Qhov kev hloov no yog kev kawm rau tej yam xyuam xim cai:

• U = U ₀ * cos (w * (tt _0), qhov chaw uas
  U - voltage thaum lub sij hawm t,
  U ₀ - voltage thaum lub sij hawm t _0,
  w - zaus electromagnetic oscillations.

Lwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub Circuit Court yog ib qho hluav taws xob capacitor. Qhov no lub caij muaj ob daim hlau uas yog sib cais los ntawm ib tug dielectric. Lub thickness ntawm cov txheej ntawm cov electrodes yog tsawg tshaj li lawv cov loj. Qhov no tsim tso cai rau noog on-insulator hluav taws xob xwb, uas koj muaj peev xwm ces xa mus rau hauv Circuit Court.

Tsis zoo li capacitor roj teeb yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm tshuaj los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no, thiab yog ib tug ncaj qha kev txuam nrog xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob field. Yog li, ntawm lub capacitor yuav ua tau loj txaus rau noog tus nqi, uas yuav tsum tau muab tag nrho ib zaug. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court yog heev zog.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub oscillation Circuit Court yog ua los ntawm ib tug ntau lub caij: ib resistor. Qhov no lub caij muaj ib tug tsis kam thiab kev tswj tam sim no thiab voltage nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court. Yog hais tias ntawm qhov voltage rau kom kuj ntawm lub resistor, tam sim no yuav txo los ntawm Ohm txoj kev cai:

• I = U / R, qhov twg
  I - tam sim no,
  U - voltage,
  R - kuj.

inductor

Cia wb mus ze zog saib tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov inductor thiab zoo dua yuav to taub nws txoj kev ua nyob rau hauv lub resonant Circuit Court. Raws li peb tau hais tias, cov kuj ntawm no lub caij nyhav pes tsawg. Yog li, thaum kev cob cog rua rau ib tug DC Circuit Court yuav tshwm sim luv luv-circuiting. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias tus coil kev cob cog rua rau lub AC Circuit Court, nws ua hauj lwm yog. Qhov no ua rau lub xaus hais tias lub caij muaj ib tug tsis kam rau alternating tam sim no.

Tab sis yog vim li cas yog no mas thiab yuav ua li cas kuj tshwm sim thaum ib tug alternating tam sim no? Yuav kom teb tau lo lus nug no peb yuav tsum tau tig los rau tus phenomenon ntawm nws tus kheej-inductance. Nrog rau cov zaj uas lub kauj tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws muaj yog ib tug electromotive quab yuam (EMF), uas tsim ib qho chaw khuam siab rau qhov tam sim no hloov. Lub magnitude ntawm no quab yuam nyob rau ob yam: lub kauj tam sim no thiab cov derivative nrog hwm rau lub sij hawm. Lej, qhov no dependence yog qhia los ntawm cov kab zauv:

• E = -u * Kuv '(t), qhov chaw uas
  E - EMF,
  L - inductance nqi ntawm cov kauj (rau txhua kauj yog sib txawv thiab nyob ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm windings ntawm lub coils thiab lawv thickness)
  Kuv '(t) - lub sij hawm derivative ntawm qhov tam sim no (tam sim no hloov tus nqi).

DC Hwj chim lub sij hawm yog tsis tau hloov, ces nws kuj thaum raug tshwm sim.

Tab sis, thaum AC tag nrho nws cov tsis yog lossi hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug sinusoidal los yog cosine txoj cai, yuav ua electromotive quab yuam, uas tiv thaiv cov kev hloov no. Tej kuj yog hu ua induction thiab xam los ntawm cov mis:

• X _L = w * _L, qhov twg
  w - zaus oscillation Circuit Court,
  L - inductance ntawm lub kauj.

Tus tam sim no siv nyob rau hauv lub solenoid linearly tsub kom thiab txo raws li nyias kev cai. Qhov no txhais tau tias yog koj tso tseg tsis txaus rau ntawm tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub kauj, nws yuav mus txuas rau tej lub sij hawm mus muab tus nqi nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court. Thiab yog hais tias qhov no dheev cuam tshuam cov ndlwg ntawm tam sim no, muaj yuav tau txhaj los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias tus nqi yuav sim kom tau tawm thiab muab faib kauj. Qhov no yog - ib tug loj heev teeb meem nyob rau hauv industrial qhuav. Cov nyhuv no (tab sis tsis yog tag nrho hais txog lub oscillation Circuit Court) yuav tsum muaj cai, piv txwv li, thaum tshem cov plug los ntawm lub nplos. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no skips lub txim uas nyob rau xws li ib tug scale yuav tsis ua mob rau ib tug neeg. Nws yog vim lub fact tias cov magnetic teb tsis ploj tam sim ntawd, tab sis maj mam dissipated, inducing ntxhee nyob rau hauv lwm yam conductors. Nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj scale lub tam sim no lub zog yog ntau lub sij hawm loj tshaj peb li ib txwm 220 volts, li ntawd, lub cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv cov saw yuav ua rau txim taws xws li ib tug dag zog yuam uas yuav ua rau ib tug ntau ntawm kev tsim txom rau ob leeg cov nroj tsuag thiab cov txiv neej.

Chev - yog lub hauv paus ntawm uas uas tus oscillation Circuit Court yog. Inductor muaj solenoids sequentially ntxiv. Tom ntej no, peb coj ib tug los ze zog saib tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov uas caij.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub inductance?

Inductance kauj oscillating Circuit Court - yog ib tug neeg parameter uas yog txaus sib npaug zos rau cov electromotive quab yuam (nyob rau hauv volts), uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug Circuit Court thaum tam sim no variation ntawm 1 A rau 1 thib ob. Yog hais tias lub solenoid yog kev cob cog rua rau ib tug DC Circuit Court, nws inductance piav lub zog ntawm ib tug sib nqus teb, uas yog tsim los ntawm no tam sim no los ntawm cov mis:

• W = (L * Kuv ²⁾ / 2, nyob qhov twg
  W - lub magnetic teb lub zog.

inductance coefficient nyob ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb: lub geometry ntawm lub solenoid, sib nqus cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tub ntxhais thiab tus xov tooj ntawm coils ntawm hlau. Lwm feature ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog hais tias nws yog ib txwm zoo, vim hais tias lub zog nyob rau hauv uas nws nyob, muaj peev xwm tsis yuav tsis zoo.

Lub inductance kuj yuav txhais tau hais tias ib tug ntawm ib tug neeg xyuas pib nrog ib tug tam sim no khw zog nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb. Nws yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv Henry (hu ua tom qab lub American paub txog Dzhozefa Genri).

Tsis tas li ntawd solenoid oscillation Circuit Court muaj ib tug capacitor, uas yuav tsum tau los sib tham hereinafter.

Electric capacitor

Capacitance yog txiav txim los ntawm lub oscillator Circuit Court capacitance hluav taws xob capacitor. Nws tsos tau sau saum toj no. Tam sim no Cia peb kawm cov physics ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws.

Txij li thaum lub capacitor daim hlau no yog ua los ntawm ib tug neeg xyuas pib, ces nws yuav ntws hluav taws xob tam sim no. Txawm li cas los, nruab nrab ntawm ob daim hlau yog chaw khuam siab. Insulator (lawv muaj peev xwm yuav huab cua, ntoo los yog lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas muaj kuj Vim lub fact tias them nyiaj yuav tsis txav los ntawm ib kawg ntawm cov hlau mus rau lwm yam, muaj ib tug cia hnab khib nws mus rau lub capacitor daim hlau li tsub kom lub sib nqus thiab hluav taws xob lub hwj chim. teb nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau kev txiav ntawm tus nqi hais tag nrho cov hluav taws xob sau rau cov phiaj, pib yuav kis tau mus rau hauv circuit Court.

Txhua capacitor muaj ib tug nyob voltage, noj rau nws lub lag luam. Yog hais tias koj ntshaw kom siv lub caij ntawm ib voltage ntau dua li cov nominal, lub neej yog zoo heev txo. Lub capacitor ntawm lub oscillatory Circuit Court yog lossi cuam tshuam los ntawm currents thiab yog li ntawd thaum xaiv yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus pa capacitors, uas tau sib tham, tseem muaj hluav taws xob muab ob npaug rau txheej capacitors. Qhov no yog ib tug ntau lub caij: nws muaj peev xwm yuav piav raws li ib tug ntoo khaub lig ntawm ib lub roj teeb thiab ib tug capacitor. Feem ntau, cov dielectric nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob muab ob npaug rau txheej capacitors yog organic tshuaj, ntawm uas yog ib tug ntsha. Ua ke lawv tsim ib tug hluav taws xob muab ob npaug rau txheej, uas tso cai rau noog nyob rau hauv no tsim thaum lub sij hawm ntau zog tshaj ib tug pa capacitor.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib tug capacitor?

Capacitance ntawm lub capacitor yog tus piv ntawm cov capacitor xwb mus rau ib tug voltage uas nws nyob. Xam cov nqi no yuav ua tau heev yooj yim nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug zauv mis:

• C = (e ₀ * S) / d, qhov twg
  e ₀ - dielectric qhov ntawm lub dielectric khoom (tabular tus nqi)
  S - thaj tsam ntawm lub capacitor phiaj,
  d - qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov phiaj.

Lub dependence ntawm lub capacitance ntawm lub capacitor rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub electrodes yog piav los ntawm tus phenomenon ntawm electrostatic induction yog tsawg tshaj li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov phiaj, qhov ntau lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau txhua lwm yam (coulomb), qhov ntau dua tus nqi electrodes thiab dua kev nyuaj siab. Thiab thaum lub voltage nqi ntawm cov muaj peev xwm nce, txij li thaum nws muaj peev xwm kuj tau piav los ntawm cov hauv qab no mis:

• C = q / U, qhov twg
  q - tus nqi nyob rau hauv coulombs.

Nws yog los tham txog cov chav nyob ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm no kom muaj nuj nqis. Capacitance yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv farads. 1 farad - sufficiently loj nqi, li ntawd, uas twb muaj lawm capacitors (tsis supercapacitors) muaj ib tug capacitance ntsuas nyob rau hauv picofarads (ib trillionth farad).

resistor

Tus tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub resonant Circuit Court kuj yog nyob ntawm cov kuj ntawm lub Circuit Court. Thiab dhau li ntawm tus ob piav hais uas ua rau ib oscillating Circuit Court (kauj, capacitor), muaj ib tug thib peb - ib tug resistor. Nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tsim luag. Resistor txawv los ntawm lwm yam ntsiab nyob rau hauv hais tias nws muaj ib tug high kuj, uas yuav tsum tau varied nyob rau hauv ib co qauv. Lub resonant Circuit Court nws ua lub hwj chim tswj kev ua ntawm lub magnetic teb. Nws yog ua tau mus cuag ob peb resistors nyob rau hauv series los yog thaum uas tig mus, li no ua cov kuj ntawm lub Circuit Court.

Lub kuj ntawm no lub caij kuj yog nyob ntawm kub, yog li saib xyuas yuav tsum raug coj mus rau nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court, txij li thaum nws yog rhuab thaum lub sij hawm tso cai ntawm lub tam sim no.

Lub kuj yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv ohms, thiab nws cov nuj nqis yuav xam siv cov mis:

• R = (p * l) / S, qhov twg
  p - cov ntaub ntawv uas resistivity resistor (ntsuas nyob rau hauv (ohm * hli ²⁾ / m);
  l - ntev ntawm lub resistors (nyob rau hauv meters);
  S - sectional cheeb tsam (nyob rau hauv square millimeters).

Yuav ua li cas los khi ib lub voj tsis?

Tam sim no peb tau tuaj nyob ze rau qhov physics ntawm lub lag luam ntawm lub oscillatory Circuit Court. Thaum lub sij hawm tus nqi rau cov capacitor daim hlau hloov raws li lub thib ob-thiaj differential kab zauv.

Yog hais tias koj daws tau qhov equation, nws implies ib co nthuav cov qauv piav txog cov txheej txheem uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court. Piv txwv li, ib tug cyclic zaus yuav qhia nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm capacitance thiab inductance.

Txawm li cas los, feem ntau yooj yim mis uas tso cai rau los mus laij lub ntau unknowns - Thomson kab zauv (hu ua tom qab lub British physicist William Thomson, uas coj nws nyob rau hauv 1853):

• T = 2 * f * (L * C) ^1/2.
  T - nruab nrab ntawm lub electromagnetic oscillations,
  L thiab C - raws li, lub inductance ntawm lub oscillating Circuit Court kauj thiab ib tug capacitance Circuit Court caij,
  n - tus xov tooj pi.

zoo tshaj yuav

Muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqis characterizing lub contour ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm - qhov zoo tshaj qhov zoo tshaj. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub li cas nws yog, koj yuav tsum tau xa mus rau qhov txheej txheem raws li ib tug resonance. Qhov no tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv uas lub amplitude ua lub siab tshaj plaws hwj chim ntawm qhov tus nqi, uas yog ib tug viav vias them nyiaj yug. Resonance yuav piav nrog ib tug piv txwv yooj yim: Yog hais tias koj pib thawb lub viav vias rau tus khiav nrawm ntawm lawv zaus, lawv yuav tsum tau ceev, thiab lawv "amplitude" yuav ua rau kom. Tiam sis yog tias koj tsis txhob thawb tus khiav nrawm, lawv yuav qeeb. Thaum resonance, feem ntau dissipates ib tug ntau ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau xam tus nqi ntawm poob, peb yees ua ib tug parameter xws li cov zoo tshaj. Nws yog ib tug coefficient sib npaug zos rau cov piv ntawm lub zog, nyob nyob rau hauv lub cev, rau losses tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ib phaum nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court.

Circuit Court zoo tshaj yog xam raws li lub mis:

• Q = (w ₀ * W) / P, nyob qhov twg
  w ₀ - resonance angular zaus ntawm oscillations;
  W - lub zog muab cia rau hauv lub vibrating system;
  P - hwj chim dissipation.

Qhov no parameter - dimensionless txij li thaum ua tau qhia tau hais tias lub zog piv: Muab cia rau siv.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov zoo tagnrho oscillating Circuit Court

Rau ib tug zoo kev nkag siab ntawm lub dab nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm physics tuaj nrog qhov thiaj li hu ua zoo tagnrho oscillating Circuit Court. Qhov no yog ib tug lej qauv sawv cev rau hauv Circuit Court raws li ib tug system nrog pes tsawg kuj. Nyob rau hauv nws muaj undamped harmonic oscillations. Cov qauv no tso cai rau kom muab tau ib qho approximate mis xam Circuit Court tsis. Ib tug ntawm cov tsis - tag nrho cov zog:

• W = (L * Kuv ²⁾ / 2.

Tej simplification heev leeb teb thiab pub rau soj ntsuam Circuit Court yam ntxwv nrog preset yam ntxwv.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws ua hauj lwm?

Tag nrho oscillating Circuit Court khiav hauj lwm mus los yuav tau muab faib ua ob qhov chaw. Tam sim no peb yuav pom raws nraim cov txheej txheem noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txhua txhua ib feem.

• Cov thawj theem phaj capacitor, them zoo, pib tawm, rendering lub tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court. Thaum no tus taw tes, tam sim no mus los ntawm ib tug zoo rau ib tug tsis zoo xwb, thaum dhau los ntawm lub kauj. Thiaj li, electromagnetic deeg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court. Tam sim no dhau los ntawm lub kauj, nws txav mus rau ib tug thib ob lub phaj thiab tsub nws zoo (whereas lub thawj electrode, uas tam sim no yog taug kev, tsis zoo them).
• Qhov thib ob theem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ncaj qha opposite txheej txheem. Tus tam sim no kis los ntawm qhov zoo phaj (uas nyob rau hauv thaum pib yog tsis zoo) kom zoo, dua rov los ntawm lub kauj. Thiab tag nrho cov nqi poob rau hauv qhov chaw.

Lub voj voog yog pheej rov qab ua raws li ntev raws li lub capacitor yog them. Nyob rau hauv ib qho zoo tagnrho resonant Circuit Court no yog infinite, thiab tiag tiag hwj chim tsis yog kev tsis pom nrias vim ntau yam: cov cua kub uas tshwm sim vim yog lub hav zoov ntawm cov kuj nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court (Joule tshav kub), thiab cov zoo li.

Embodiments Circuit Court tsim

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus yooj yim circuits "lub kauj-capacitor" thiab "kauj-resistor-capacitor", muaj lwm cov kev xaiv, siv raws li ib lub hauv paus oscillation Circuit Court. Qhov no, piv txwv li, thaum uas tig mus Circuit Court uas yog yus nyob rau hauv hais tias muaj yog ib tug keeb Circuit Court (vim hais tias raws li nws tshwm sim ib leeg, nws yuav yog ib tug series Circuit Court thiab ntawm uas sib tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm).

Nws tseem muaj lwm hom siv, xws li ntau yam hluav taws xob Cheebtsam. Piv txwv li, nws yog tau mus txuas rau lub network transistor uas yuav qhib thiab kaw rau hauv Circuit Court nrog ib zaus sib npaug zos rau cov oscillation zaus ntawm lub Circuit Court. Yog li, lub kaw lus yuav nruab undamped oscillations.

Nyob qhov twg lub oscillation Circuit Court yog siv?

Qhov tseem paub rau peb txoj kev siv cov Cheebtsam ntawm lub Circuit Court - nws electromagnets. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, yog siv nyob rau hauv intercom systems, motors, sensors, thiab ntau lwm yam tsawg pa chaw. Lwm daim ntawv thov - oscillator. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog kev siv ntawm lub Circuit Court yog heev paub rau peb: nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub microwave los tsim tsis nyob rau hauv lub mobile thiab wireless kev sib txuas lus mus rau kis cov lus qhia tshaj ib tug deb. Tag nrho cov no yog vim lub fact tias cov oscillations ntawm lub electromagnetic vuag yuav kho nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas nws yuav tsum tau mus rau kis cov lus qhia tshaj ntev ncua kev.

Inductor nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau raws li ib tug keeb rau cov transformer, ob coils nrog txawv tus naj npawb ntawm windings yuav kis tau los ntawm lub electromagnetic teb lawv. Tab sis raws li solenoids yam ntxwv txawv, thiab tam sim no cov nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub ob circuits, uas yog kev cob cog rua rau lub ob inductance yuav sib txawv. Yog li, ib tug yuav hloov voltage rau tam sim no, hais tias 220 volts nyob rau hauv tam sim no nrog ib tug voltage ntawm 12 volts.

xaus

Peb detailed lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov oscillating Circuit Court thiab txhua feem nyias. Peb kawm tau hais tias cov oscillating Circuit Court - ib tug ntaus ntawv tsim los ua kom muaj electromagnetic vuag. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsuas tsim ntawm lub complex mechanics ntawm no, seemingly yooj yim hais. Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog lub intricacies ntawm lub Circuit Court thiab nws lub Cheebtsam yuav tsum yog los ntawm tshwj xeeb ntaub ntawv.