Nyiam thiab cov tub rog nyiam: hauj lwm, hom thiab cov yam ntxwv

Txawm nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, warriors siv tshwj xeeb steel kaus mom hlau tiv lub taub hau. Lawv neeg ua hauj lwm nrog legions Yuliya Tsezarya, lub Scythians, lub medieval knights nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Nws ntau daim ntawv thov thiab ib tug steel kaus mom hlau txais nyob rau hauv Kievan Rus ', nyob rau hauv uas nws twb sawv cev los ntawm ib tug loj ntau yam ntawm tsiaj.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm battles kaus mom yog tsis xa mus rau raws li ib tug steel kaus mom hlau. Niaj hnub no, lub npe yog tsis siv. Tam sim no nyiam lub npe hu rau tau txais kev pab raws li nyiam. Tub rog roos ib tug loj feem pua ntawm cov tag nrho cov neeg ntawm no hom ntawm headgear. Sib nrug ntawm no, nyiam yog yooj, siv neeg ua hauj lwm, tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm, firefighters thiab cov mej zeej ntawm huab ua si.

Yuav ua li cas puas tau lub tswvyim ntawm "lub kaus mom hlau"?

Tshwj xeeb kaus mom tsim los tiv thaiv lub taub hau ntawm ib tug tub rog thaum lub sij hawm ib tug sib ntaus sib tua, yog Ameslikas hu ua kaus mom hlau ntoo. Vim nws yog ib tug continuation ntawm armor thiab twb tseem ua los ntawm hlau, cov tub rog hais kom ua twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub txheej txheem ntawm kev sib ntaus los nyob rau hauv lub official lub npe "steel kaus mom hlau" thiab yog pom zoo raws li ib tug zoo txhais tau tias ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus neeg tub rog.

Nrog lub advent ntawm ntau yam hom ntawm pab tub rog thiab cov kev txhim kho ntawm cov tub rog khoom siv tes ua tau ua modernized thiab nyiam. Cov khoom muaj ib tug dome zoo. Steel siv los tsim lawv. Tab sis keeb kwm yeej paub kuaj ua los ntawm felt thiab tawv tiv thaiv thaj chaw uas muab ib tug loj pes tsawg tus uas txuas mus rau lawv hlau ntsiab. Vim muaj cov hlau Cheebtsam headpiece txuam nrog hlau. Thaum lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub muaj ntau yooj yim lo lus "lub kaus mom hlau", uas nyob rau hauv Latin txhais tau tias "hlau kaus mom hlau."

ntaus ntawv nyiam

Nyiam kev tsov kev rog xyoo yeej ib txwm tau cov kev kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb rau historians thiab archaeologists uas tau kom huv si kawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus kheej tiv thaiv ntawm cov peeb zeej, dav siv rau ntau txhiab xyoo. Kev tshawb fawb hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm ib tug tiv thaiv lub kaus mom hlau rau ntau centuries tseem unchanged. Cov kev hloov cuam tshuam tsuas yog tus cov ntaub ntawv. Nws depended rau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntaj los sis phom thiab riam phom nres rau ntawm uas raug yuam ua hauj tiv thaiv.

Raws li ib tug khoom siv rau qhov siv thiab ua nyiam hlau. Lawv nyias bronze los yog tooj liab daim ntawv, uas yuav nws thiaj li yuav hloov nrog steel los yog hlau. Hais tias lub kaus mom hlau hlau los xij siv los ntawm tag nrho cov tus tub rog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab 80 xyoo ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Tom qab ntawd cov tub rog nyiam thiab nyiam steel manufactured los ntawm advanced ntaub ntawv xws li titanium, Kevlar, textile polymers, titanium compound nrog txhuas.

Lub puab lub kaus mom hlau yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv tawv daim, fastened los ntawm txoj kev rivets circumferentially nyob rau hauv lub qis puab feem ntawm tsab xov xwm. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm lub kaus mom hlau yog hu ua "tuleyka". Nws ceg tawm ntawm lub slots rau ntau kev cob cog rua tej nplaim lace. Lub ntsiab zog uas ua tuleyka thiab tej nplaim:

• Balanced haum lub kaus mom hlau rau nws lub taub hau;
• kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub taub hau kev sib cuag nrog cov hlau ntawv ntawm lub kaus mom hlau;
• mitigation ntawm tej yam quab yuam cov khib nyiab thiab pob zeb nyob rau sab nraum ntawm lub kaus mom hlau.

Niaj hnub nimno cov tub rog nyiam nyiam thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau ib tug tub rog, vim hais tias cov tej nplaim muaj txuas mus rau lawv ntxiv mus pab tau txoj lub softness ntawm lub ua npuas ncauj los los yog tawv.

cawv zam

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm txij li thaum lub Legionaries Yuliya Tsezarya rau cov nyob sab Europe knights ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog cov tub rog tau koom siv nyiam. Tub rog kev txiav txim ntawm cov xyoo tau nqa tawm nrog poj siv, thiab qhov kev thov rau kev tiv thaiv headgear yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo kawg thiab. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm, pib nqa nyiam thiab zoo nkauj muaj nuj nqi. Muaj yog ib tug zam rau qhov zoo nkauj kaus mom. kev ruaj ntseg qhov teeb meem receded mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau. Nyiam tau ousted kaus mom nrog plaub, shakos thiab kaus mom zoo nkauj lacquered visors.

Fabkis lub kaus mom hlau

Tub rog txiav txim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog trench hnav cim. Hom Phaj tau ua kev tiv thaiv cov tub rog lub taub hau. Lwj liam zog raws trench ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob loj lossis tuag. Liab qab lub taub hau yog ib tug tsis muaj zog chaw rau shooting ib phom loj los yog rab phom, rau shrapnel thiab landmines. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov xyoo dua nco ntsoov txog kev kawm ntawv siab nyiam. By lub sij hawm no, lub zam rau qhov zoo nkauj kaus mom thiab quiver dhau, thiab rau cov kev pab ntawm lub kaus mom hlau rov qab dua.

Tub rog Fabkis twb thawj nruab nrog tus tshiab, ntau tshaj cov qauv. Fabkis cov khoom muaj peb qho: ib hood, ib tug tiab thiab ib zuag. "Adriana" - yog cov nom lub npe muab rau cov kaus mom hlau. Fabkis cov tub rog nyob rau hauv 1915 neeg ua hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev ruaj ntseg cov khoom, uas significantly txo txoj kev poob ntawm tus kheej muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tub rog. 13% thiab lub neej no txo 30% txo nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm raug mob. Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog, tus Fabkis nyiam siv los ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv ces, Russia, Ltalis, Romania thiab Portugal.

English kaus mom hlau

Cov tub rog coj noj coj ua ntawm ces yog tsis txaus siab nrog lub Fabkis lub kaus mom hlau "Adrian". Nws tau txiav txim siab los mus tsim nws tus kheej version ntawm cov tub rog nyiam. Cov tsim tawm ntawm xws li ib tug ruaj ntseg cov khoom ntawd twb yog Yauhas Leopold Brodie, leej twg coj raws li ib lub hauv paus rau lub medieval lub kaus mom Cappellini, dav siv los ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub thib kaum ib mus rau lub thib kaum rau caug xyoo. Lub kaus mom hlau yog hu ua "tus thawj hloov kho steel kaus mom hlau" thiab sawv cev tselnoshtampovannyh khoom nrog ib tug dav brim.

Qhov no daim ntawv ntawm lub kaus mom hlau yog heev pab tau rau trench sib ntaus sib tua raws li ib tug tub rog ntawm lub teb tsim cov nyhuv ntawm ib tug kaus, mus nkaum poob cov khib nyiab los ntawm saum toj no. Tab sis qhov no qauv yog seeb thaum nws yog tsim nyog los nres, vim hais tias nws tsaws rau nws lub taub hau nqa siab dhau heev lawm thiab tsis tiv thaiv cov sab nqaij daim tawv thiab occipital qhov chaw ntawm lub taub hau. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm no shortcoming, English Brodie kaus mom hlau twb txais yuav los ntawm lub tub rog ntawm Canada, lub teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas thiab Australia.

Lub German version ntawm lub kaus mom hlau

Tsis zoo li lwm lub teb chaws, lub teb chaws Yelemees mus txog rau thaum 1916 yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv lub ntau lawm, raws li nws ua hauj lwm, qhov uas tsis muaj-qib uas tsis muaj-zoo nyiam. Nws gunsmiths nyob rau hauv Hannover koom nyob rau hauv tsim yog tiag tiag ib tug zoo cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv 1916, lub teb chaws Yelemees pom tus naas ej kaus mom hlau Stahihelm, uas tom qab ua ib lub cim ntawm lub German tub rog, raws li siv nyob rau hauv ob ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog.

German kaus mom hlau ho superior nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev kab ntsab thiab cov kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm lub Fabkis thiab lus Askiv qauv. Ib tug yam ntxwv tsim feature nyob rau hauv Stahihelm kaus mom hlau yog tus muaj ib tug steel tshuab raj nyob rau hauv lub sab nqaij daim tawv thaj chaw. Lawv muaj ob peb zog:

• muab cover cov cua qhov nyob rau hauv lub kaus mom hlau;
• nqa fasteners tshwj xeeb armored ntaub thaiv npog uas tiv thaiv lub taub hau ntawm ib tug German tub rog los ntawm cov ncaj hit ntawm phom loj thiab tshuab-phom mos txwv.

Dua li ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj flaws nyob rau hauv lub tsim thiab cov duab, cov German version ntawm lub kaus mom hlau tsis tau lees tias tus tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov neeg. Txawm tias nyiam thiab tuav ncaj mos txwv hit, tab sis ho tsis muab txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam pob txha caj qaum tub rog. Blows thaum ntaus nyob rau hauv lub kaus mom hlau muaj xws li high zog uas cov raug mob lub tsev me nyuam vertebrae. Thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, entailed tuag. Yuav kom txhim kho qhov teeb meem no tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb hais tias tej yam lub zog ntawm ib tug tib neeg hit yam xyuam xim mas tus lub kaus mom hlau xwb.

Tub rog Soviet qauv

armor steel hlau siv rau zus tau tej cov nyiam nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Lub Soviet qauv npe hu ua cov NL-39 thiab yog ib yam khoom ntawm ib tug luj ntawm 1.25 kg. Cov phab ntsa muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 1.9 hli. Nyiam kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua tej S. M. Budennym thiab muab ib tug zoo tshwm sim. Lub Soviet qauv yog tau mas ib tug tib neeg hit los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm kaum meters deb ntawm lub phom mos txwv, "phom."

Nyob rau hauv 1940, lub NL-39 tau undergone Modernization. Tuleyka Mans ntxiv straps, pawm no ntau npau thiab nets. NL-40 - yog tus nom lub npe muab rau cov advanced kaus mom hlau. Tom ntej hloov thiab nrhav tau ua nyob rau hauv 1954 thiab 1960. Cov tau tus rov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab nyiam NL-54 thiab NL-60, kev hloov uas cuam tshuam tsuas tuleyki. Tus qauv nws tus kheej tseem muaj nyob unchanged txij thaum 1939.

Paub cov qauv tsev kawm ntawv

Tej tiav ntawm lub NL-39 twb ua nyob rau hauv 1968. Modernization yog kev kawm mus rau ib daim ntawv uas muaj lub kaus mom hlau. Tub rog Lavxias teb sab qauv tam sim no muaj ib tug muaj zog nqes hav ntawm lub frontal phab ntsa ntawm lub dome thiab luv luv sab nkhaus outwardly. Rau nws siv siv tej cuab yeej hlau nrog muaj zog dua. Tus nqes hav ntawm lub frontal phab ntsa ntxiv dag zog rau kuj nyiam nrog shrapnel hits.

Ib tug zoo xws li cov siv lub kaus mom hlau siv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm nws cov neeg ua Tuam Tshoj, North Kauslim, Russia, Khej thiab Vietnam.

Ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj cov tub rog nyiam siv los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev ruaj ntseg rog muaj yog:

• NL-68 M yog tsim los rau sab hauv pab tub rog;
• NL-68 N siv los ntawm armed forces ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Ob leeg xaiv muaj niaj hnub tuleyki. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus luj ntawm cov nyiam nyob ib ncig ntawm ob kilograms, lawv tau raws li cov thawj cov hoob kawm ntawm kuj, vim hais tias lawv yuav tau los mus tiv qhov ncaj hit los ntawm cov mos txwv los ntawm ib rab yaj phom Makarov thiab khib nyiab ya rau ib tug ceev ntawm 400 m / s, tus luj ntawm uas tsis pub tshaj ib gram.

Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab lub kaus mom hlau

Kaus mom hlau TSS-81 "Kheej", txij li thaum 1981, thiab yog tseem siv los ntawm sab hauv pab tub rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Zus tau tej cov nws tsev nyob titanium phaj thickness 0.3 cm twb npaum li cas. Kaus mom hlau nyhav 2.3 kg, thiab tsuas yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv txhua yam kev raug mob. Raws li lub thib ob chav kawm ntawv, vim hais tias nws tsis tau lees tias kev tiv thaiv los ntawm rab phom. dome qauv yog ib tug peb armored caij muaj nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb npog.

Kaus mom hlau "Kheej" yog ib tug kev hloov kho ntawm "Kheej-II", uas twb hloov titanium armored steel hlau, uas ho nce tus luj ntawm lub qauv (3.5 kg). Lub disadvantage yog cov tsis muaj qauv nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev paub. Tau craniocerebral raug mob. Tshwj xeeb neeg uas muaj armored titanium los yog steel ntsiab hnav tawm sai sai. Qhov no ua rau lawv xaav thiab qis tiv thaiv lub kaus mom hlau qualities.

Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug tub rog lub kaus mom hlau?

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws yog tsim nyog los tau tus tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kauj ruam thib ob - mus ua ib qho, nyob rau hauv uas cov tub rog nyiam yuav tsum tau tsim. Lawv tus kheej ob txhais tes kom nws tsis yooj yim. Nws yog zoo dua yog hais tias tus lub kaus mom hlau yuav muaj ib tug kheej kheej zoo. Qhov no yuav txo cov tug zog li feem. Nqus nws los yog txo tau kev pab raws li zoo rau hauv lub ncoo.

Lub hauv paus rau lub nyiam yuav ua los ntawm cov ntoo los yog slug pob me nyuam kho gypsum binders thiab epoxy cob thiab hardener. Tom qab hardening plaster ncej yog pom tias yuav tau npaj kom txhij, thiab koj yuav tshem tawm cov disc.

Ib tug ntawm cov kev pab raws qib ua los ntawm ib tug kaus mom hlau, yog lub redistribution ntawm nws feem nyob rau tag nrho cheeb tsam. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv rau lub plhaub yuav tsum muaj lub siab Performance index ntawm lub dag lub zog thiab toughness. Lw polyurethane ua npuas ncauj. Nws tensile zog yog 5 kg / cm ^2, uas ua rau lawv zoo heev haum ntawm tej yam. Koj muaj peev xwm siv fiberglass, uas nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej ntawm muab tshuaj txhuam rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub kaus mom hlau thiab lub tsho tiv no nrog epoxy cob. Tom qab hardening, qhov tshaj cob nrog ib tug duav yog muab tshem tawm thiab tseem yuav tshuav iav yog txiav nrog ib tug riam.

Lub puab yog ib feem ntawm lub kaus mom hlau yuav tsum muaj blocks ntawm npaus, uas tsub kom kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ua pob. Lawv txuas nrog ib tug nplaum. Nws yog pom zoo kom ua li ntawd tom qab ceev faj haum. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas muaj nyob rau hauv sab hauv ntawm lub kaus mom hlau voids, ua npuas ncauj blocks tsis muaj tso siab rau tus sab nqaij daim tawv thaj chaw.

Blocks nyob rau hauv lub occipital thiab frontal qhov chaw uas glued mus rau lub xeem. Lawv tiv thaiv kom txhob tau xaav ntawm lub kaus mom hlau los ntawm tej yam. Yog hais tias muaj yog voids nyob rau hauv lub kaus mom hlau, lawv tau sau nrog daim ntawm npaus. Ua ntej koj yuav pib pasting lub sab hauv, yog mounted nrog screws thiab txuas tshwj xeeb kho straps.

Qhov kawg yog kov yuav ua tau ib tug painting qhob nyiam. Koj siv tau ib tug aerosol los yog nitro nitroenamels. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, tus nto ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua tsheb nitrogruntovkoy.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm nws tus kheej-ua nyiam yog suav hais tias yog tsis muaj cua sov thiab cov neeg pluag acoustic permeability.

Ua ntej koj pib, koj yuav tsum to taub hais tias lub kaus mom hlau tsis tau lees tias cov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub taub hau, nws tsuas softens lub tshuab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txiav txim siab tseem ceeb yog tej yam quab yuam. Wherein lub zog generated yog kwv yees li 25 J. Qhov no yog cov kev txwv ntawm tib neeg endurance, nws tshaj tsis nco qab thiab fim loj dua lub txim.