Nrhiav variation nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg ntawm ib hom: pov thawj thiab thwmsim

Nrhiav variation nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg ntawm ib hom pub mus coj ib tug tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm evolution. Lub tswvyim thiab tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej no rau lub adaptation yuav tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub variability

Nyob rau hauv variability to taub lub peev xwm ntawm tus kab mob no yuav kis tau tshiab nta thiab cov khoom nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ib tug neeg thiab keeb kwm kev loj hlob. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse - qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv adaptation rau lub cheeb tsam. Yog li, variability nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg ntawm lub tib lub hom, uas qhia tau hais tias piv txwv pictured hauv qab no, coj mus rau rov tshwm sim ntawm tus tib neeg haiv neeg. Ib tug nqaim seem ntawm mongoloid ob lub qhov muag thiab daj daim tawv nqaij tsim thiab tsau nyob rau hauv lub genotype ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov neeg Esxias steppes, qhov twg nws yog lossi tshuab muaj zog zeb cua. Ib tug dub tawv Negroid tshwm sim ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv lub African suab puam.

variability hom

Nrhiav variation nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg ntawm lub tib lub hom pom tias tshiab nta tsis tau pub. Qhov no muaj lawm proven nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm qhov xyaum ua tej. Kuaj nas tails txiav thiab ces hla ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tej cov tib neeg yeej ib txwm yug los tailed cov me nyuam. Qhov no variability yog hu ua ib tug uas tsis yog-raws roj ntsha, los yog cov kev hloov kho. Yog hais tias tshiab tsos mob rau lub caj apparatus, hloov nws mus rau ib tug tej theem, lub variability yog raws roj ntsha.

Kev hloov kho variability

Nco ntsoov cov me nyuam kev txhiaj txhais: "Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, dawb, thiab grey nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov?" Qhov no yog cov cim ntawm variation nyob rau hauv cov neeg ntawm lub tib lub hom. Zaum tau qhia hais tias ib lub teeb liab mus hloov cov xim ntawm pluab luav yog tsis huab cua kub thiab cov nyiaj ntawm tshav ntuj. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los ua pov thawj. Yog hais tias lub sov lub caij tsaus ntuj hauv lub tawb los yog aviary nrog hares, tom qab ib co sij hawm, lawv "muab tso rau hauv dawb cov tsho tiv no."

Kev hloov kho variability cov neeg ntawm ib hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau raug xam tias yog li ib qho piv txwv ntawm arrowhead. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv cov dej. Cov nplooj ntawm no nroj tsuag, uas yog nyob rau hauv dej, muaj ib tug xov zoo li zoo lawm, thiab saum toj no nws - ib tug xub. Hloov cov nqe lus ntawm vaj tsev ua rau ib tug kev hloov kho ntawm lawv lub cev. Yog hais tias tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yog nyob rau hauv dej, tag nrho cov nplooj coj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib daim kab xev.

Tsis tag nrho cov nta tej zaum yuav hloov nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob. Piv txwv li, daim tawv nqaij xim yuav raug hloov nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub hnub ci tawg. Tab sis ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov ntshav yog tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm tej yam tej yam kev mob. Qhov no feature, zoo li ntau lwm tus neeg, yog pub.

kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic variation

Cov kev hloov rau lub caj apparatus, yog raws roj ntsha. Lawv tsis yog nyob ntawm seb ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob thiab tshwm sim los ntawm lub recombination ntawm noob los yog change. Lawv feature yog random thiab uas tsis yog-directional nyob rau hauv cov xwm. variability nyob rau hauv cov cim ntawm cov neeg ntawm ib hom thiab zoo txog cov kab mob no tau raug N. I. Vavilova tshawb fawb nto moo tus paub txog. Lawv tshwm sim yog txoj cai ntawm homologous series. Nws essence lies nyob rau hauv lub fact tias raws roj ntsha kev hloov uas muaj cai nyob rau hauv ib co hom, kuj yuav pom nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg nyob ze rau nws los ntawm kev yug me nyuam. Piv txwv li, albinism yog raug rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm vertebrates. Qhov no hloov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ntses thiab cov tsiaj.

Yog li, muaj sia nyob yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse yog hu ua volatility. Nws yuav yuav ntawm ob hom. Kev hloov kho nyob rau hauv lub nyob tej yam kev mob ntawm cov tib neeg thiab ruaj nyob rau hauv lub genotype. Caj variation txuam nrog kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub roj ntsha khoom. Tej sijhawm dhau cov tiam. Volatility yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub rov tshwm sim ntawm evolutionary txhia thiab transformations.