Novgorod rau Moscow pub ntxiv tshaj. Nyob rau hauv dab tsi xyoo pua yog tus Great Novgorod twb kev txuas mus Moscow

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XV caug xyoo, lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm, uas yuav tsum tau tiv Ivan III ntawm, twb annexed rau Moscow nyob rau hauv Veliky Novgorod. Tab sis nws tsis yog contender rau lub teb chaws. Lawv txoj cai rau lawv thiab sim qhia cov neeg pej xeem Duchy ntawm Lithuania.

Thaum pib ntawm qhov teeb meem

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas Moscow lub keeb kwm yeej ib txwm raug zoo kev cob cog nrog Novgorod. Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm qhov teeb meem rov qab mus nyob rau hauv lub feudal tsov rog flared li ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm tub huabtais Dmitry Donskoy, uas ntawd kub ntev li ob peb lub xyoo lawm - los ntawm 1425 mus 1453.

Lub ntsiab warring ob tog twb Vasiliy Temny thiab Dmitry Shemyaka. Tom qab lub yeej nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua rau lub hwj chim yog qhov kawg qhov chaw nkaum nyob rau hauv Novgorod. Vasily lub Tsaus ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv 1449 rau kos npe rau ib lucrative rau lawv tus kheej daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau cov Lithuanian tub huabtais thiab lub ces Polish huab tais Casimir IV tias txhua tus ntawm ob tog yuav tsis tau txais nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws ntawm nom tswv tw ntawm txhua lwm yam. Ntxiv mus, Lithuania tau pom zoo rau poob phem rau Novgorod. Tom qab 4 xyoo ntawm Basil nrog kev pab los ntawm nws cov tibneeg ncaj ncees tshuaj lom Shemyaka.

treaty ntawm yazhelbitsy

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Novgorod yog littered nrog ntshav battles. Ib tug ntawm lawv coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1456 nyob rau hauv ib lub zos hu ua Ruz. Ces tus Moscow troops twb tau mus noj nws yooj yim heev thiab yuav luag tsis muaj kuj. Tab sis lawv twb tsis ntev rov Novgorod cavalry. Muscovites nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm nws tus tswv xeev thiab Striga Basenko khiav nkaum qab ib tug snow-them nce. Lawv pib tua xib xub tsis nyob rau hauv lub Novgorod warriors thiab lawv cov nees. Muaj yog ib tug mess. Novgorod twb hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv hnyav armor, li ntawd, lawv yuav tsis sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv par nrog lub Muscovites. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, feem ntau ntawm cov boyars tau yuav los tua.

Yog li, Moscow tau tau ib tug ua tiav yeej tshaj Novgorod. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tus nab npawb ntawm thawj-tog rog yog 20 lub sij hawm tsawg tshaj li tus thib ob. Tom qab ib co sij hawm nyob rau hauv Yazhelbitsy Vasiliy Temny coj lub embassy, taws los ntawm Archbishop ntawm Novgorod Euthymius II nrog ib tug saib kom concluding ib tug kev sib haum xeeb treaty. Tom qab ib co kev sib khom lus, ob tog kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus ob sab sib dho. Raws li nws, lub losers yuav tsum tau them tus khiav ib tug txaus loj indemnity, amounting mus 8 txhiab. Rubles. Tab sis koom Novgorod rau Moscow tsis muab qhov chaw. Nws tseem muaj nyob ywj siab.

Qhov teeb meem no tom qab xaus ntawm kev kaj siab

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Novgorod, hais tias nyob rau hauv 1136 nws tau los ua tus thawj heev freestyle koom pheej nyob rau lub teb chaws ntawm Kievan Rus. Nws ua nyob rau hauv ib tug kev ywj pheej lub tsev kawm ntawv xws li cov Chamber. Nws muaj kom txog thaum lub txheej xwm uas coj mus rau lub annexation ntawm Novgorod rau Moscow. Tab sis, dua li no, tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm cov pej xeem twb nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus kev ywj pheej ntawm lawv cov av thiab zoo siab hlo mus tua rau nws.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia qhov tseeb hais tias cov cai ntawm cov zoo tib yam cov pej xeem ntawm coj txhais tau tias feem ntau tsis hwm, thiab cov neeg pluag pejxeem, uas muaj serfs, tag nrho cov tau deprived ntawm txoj cai yuav tsum tau tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Chamber. Cov kis ntawm cov nplua nuj thiab cov neeg pluag yog loj heev, yog li cov neeg zoo tib yam ntawm Novgorod twb tsis xav ua kom sib ntaus sib tua nrog Moscow rau cov cai ntawm lub boyars.

Nyob rau hauv 1460 Grand Duke Vasily tuaj rau lub Embassy rau Novgorod rau kev sib khom lus. Tab sis cov pej xeem tawm tsam nws thiab txawm sim tua nws. Yog li ntawd tsoo lwm teeb meem, uas tau raug tso cai los ntawm Npis Sov Yaunas, hem cov neeg ntawm Novgorod lub Tatar ntxeem tau ua ke nrog rau cov Muscovites.

3 xyoo tom qab mus xyuas Novgorod Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Moscow, lub koom pheej tsis kam tub rog kev pab txhawb nqa Pskov, nug kom pab nws fend tawm cov kev tawm tsam ntawm lub Livonian knights. Pab los ntawm Moscow. Tom qab ntawd Novgorod coj tab hostile txoj hauj lwm nrog rau kev hwm mus Pskov. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws daws cov teeb meem paub qab hau txoj cai ntawm tub huabtais Ivan III.

tshiab tsis pom zoo

Novgorod cov neeg tseem ceeb txhua lub sij hawm yog nyob rau hauv qhov siab los ntawm ob neighboring lub xeev sufficiently haib - Moscow thiab cov neeg pej xeem Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Boyars twb zoo paub hais tias kom lawv muaj yuav tsum tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias ib tug alliance nrog ib tug ntawm lawv.

Moscow tus keeb kwm cov ntsiab lus mus rau lub fact tias cov controversy tshaj lub teb chaws kev twb kev txuas muaj nyob rau hauv lub Novgorod. Ua nom ua tswv sib cav rau ib tug alliance nrog lub Duchy ntawm Lithuania, vim hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau khaws tag nrho lawv tej kev tsim nyog tau, thaum zoo tib yam cov pej xeem txhawb cov Moscow tsar, vim hais tias nws lub ntsej muag li lawv pom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub Orthodox kav.

Ua tsov ua rog

Lub sij hawm no, uas tau txais kev pab taug kev ua si nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1471 nyob rau hauv lub Great Novgorod, twb xaiv liam uas qhia tias feem ntau ntawm cov boyars, taws los ntawm Marfoy Boretskoy poj ntsuam cob moos kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau cov Lithuanian sab ntawm vassalage. Muaj ntau historians ntseeg hais tias cov taug xaiv yog cov tsuas yog vim li cas rau cov kev kub ntxhov. Tsis tau muaj kuj yog qhov tseeb hais tias Novgorod twb nug los ua nws deputy Lithuanian None. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv tau nrhiav txo tsim ib tug ntau ywj siab ntawm Moscow, lub tsev teev ntuj. Uas yog vim li cas lub phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau Novgorod mas yuav kis tau zoo ua tsov ua rog tiv thaiv lub apostates thiab kho tshiab ntawm lub Orthodox txoj kev ntseeg.

lwm phiaj los nqis tes

Thaum lub sij hawm no cov tub rog txiav txim tawm tsam lub koom pheej taws lub Moscow tub huabtais Daniel Kholmsk. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias nws yog ib tug txiav txim uas yuav muaj, txij thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo sawv tawm heev txias, thiab ib tug loj pes tsawg tus tseem tsis tau melted daus yuav ho qeeb rau ua ntej ntawm lub pab tub rog pem hauv ntej. Tab sis laug sij hawm mus lub phiaj los nqis tes ua tsis tau. Zolotaya Orda thiab cov neeg pej xeem Duchy ntawm Lithuania yog npaj txhij tuaj mus rau cov kev pab ntawm Novgorod.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub ntawm lub phiaj los nqis tes muaj yuav luag tsis muaj sib ntaus sib tua. Moscow pab tub rog effortlessly yuav lub zos ntawm cov teb chaws, ib tug tom qab lwm. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub Xya hli ntuj twb muaj Shelonskoy sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob rau hauv battlefield, cov tub rog tau pom zoo Novgorod, muaj raws ntawm 40 txhiab. Txiv neej, thiab 12000th pab tub rog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Qhov kawg sij hawm ntawm qhov sib ntaus sib tua txiav txim siab kom haib nres Moscow cavalry. Tsis zoo koom Novgorod yuav tsis tau withstand xws onslaught.

2 lub lis piam tom qab Shilonskoy sib ntaus sib tua, muaj lwm sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Shilengi River. Nws kuj twb nyob rau hauv yeej rau lub Muscovites. Ces pib kev sib khom lus rau kev thaj yeeb nyob rau hauv Korostyn.

Lub txim ntawm lub ntawv khi lus

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Novgorod yuav tsum tau tso tseg lub patronage ntawm lub Polish-Lithuanian King Casimir IV. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub losers them txog 15 txhiab. Rubles, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb pom tau hais tias lub supremacy ntawm lub Moscow None. Yog li ntawd, phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv 1471 yog xav paub ntau tshaj muaj kev vam meej. Nws muaj pov thawj hais tias neeg zoo tib yam ntawm Novgorod, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub boyars, tsis xav sib ntaus nrog lawv cov neeg nyob ze.

Ib feem ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm lub koom pheej yog ib tug twb tau foregone xaus. Tab sis qhov kawg Novgorod twb kev txuas mus Moscow yuav muab qhov chaw tsuas yog tom qab 7 xyoo.

kawg phiaj los nqis tes

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1477 yog tsis yog thawj zaug Novgorod embassy tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tab sis nws muab tawm hais tias nws yog tsis xa vechem, thiab ib tug puv tes ntawm boyars. Lawv xav tau ib tug hais thiab tseem paub txog txoj cai ntawm Moscow, uas yuav muab lawv txoj cai los khaws tag nrho nws cov av thiab muaj nyiaj. Qhov no yog kawm nyob rau hauv Novgorod. Chamber ntawm lub tom ntej no ob peb pro-Moscow boyars raug tua thiab tuaj rau lub hwj chim ntawm UFW ntawm cov Lithuanian None. Tab sis lawv txoj cai yog short-lived.

Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1477 yog qhov kawg nce nyob rau hauv cov koom pheej nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm Ivan III. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub Novgorod pab tub rog tsis tuaj tawm ntawm lub nroog. Pib ntev haum xeeb. Tom qab 2 lub hlis, lub Muscovites tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej kawg yuav tsum tau. Lawv muaj lub abolition ntawm posts thiab txiav Posad Chamber hav zoov. Nrog rau cov ob yuav tsum Novgorod pom zoo, tab sis kev sib tham nyob rau hauv lub preservation ntawm lawv cov ua nom ua tswv av ncua. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, lawv tseem yuav tsum tau muab tus tub huabtais ntawm Moscow monastery thiab Vladychna av. Thaum no cov kev sib khom lus tau ua kom tiav. Lub ib hlis ntuj 15 Moscow tub huabtais thiab nws entourage, nrog militia nkag mus hauv lub nroog, tsis tas ntaus.

tau

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm 1478 - lub xyoo ntawm accession ntawm Novgorod rau Moscow. Ua tsov ua rog yog thaum kawg lawm. Qhov no lub sij hawm muaj tsis muaj executions, tiam sis muaj ntau knights ntawm tsev neeg raug ntiab tawm los ntawm Novgorod. Cov lawv yog thiab Posadnitsa Marfa Boretskaya nrog nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv. Tom qab ntawd, nws twb tonsured ib tug nun, thiab nws cov khoom ntiag txeeb.

Thaum Novgorod twb annexed rau Moscow, tag nrho cov pawg neeg thaj av pib tswj 4 tswv xeev, uas muaj txoj cai mus pov tseg ntawm cov ntau thiab ua lub tsev hais plaub. Trade, ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam yog tam sim no nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm lub tshiab tsoom fwv.

Lordly coj noj coj ua thiab lub Chamber tau raug tshem tawm. Cim ntawm Novgorod lub ywj pheej - lub rooj sib txoos tswb - npaum li cas. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws los ua ib tug thib ob lub nroog, thiab Muscovy tswv cuab nce los ntawm yuav luag 2-fold. Yog li twb zaj dab neeg txog Veliky Novgorod raws li ib tug koom pheej, uas ntawd kub ntev li ntau tshaj peb centuries.