Me caj npab: AK-12. Nta AK-12

Cia peb pib peb sib tham txog AK-12 nrog rau cov terminology. Muaj ntau cov txawj nyeem ntawv yuav chiv nrhiav nws ib tug stumbling block. Lawv tsis meej pem, tsis paub txog dab tsi zoo ntawm cov riam phom: tshuab rab phom los yog ua phem phom loj. Peb hasten yuav qhia rau koj tias qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv no, raws li nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, yog heev yooj yim: nws yog tib yam nkaus. Lavxias teb sab lo lus "tshuab" (pib nyob rau hauv lub siv ntawm armourer Frolov) nyob rau hauv lus Askiv Ameslikas corresponded phem phom loj, uas cia li txhais tau tias "quab yuam phom loj."

Tshiab AK-12 yog tsim los ntawm lub Izhevsk Tshuab-Tsev tsob nroj nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov thawj engineer ntawm cov pab pawg neeg - Tula gunsmith Zlobin Vladimir Viktorovich.

Qhov no ua tsov rog V tiam plays raws li niaj hnub technologies ntawm lub classical automation, uas ntev txoj kev gas piston thiab rotating ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Tseem ceeb yam ntxwv hloov tau mus rau hauv lub receiver.

Lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kev txhim kho yog qhov kev nce rau hauv cov neeg ntawm cov hluav taws, zoo ergonomics, lub modular tsim, lub advanced "mos mos" vapor automation, muaj peev xwm siv ntau yam ntawm grenade launchers. Lub ntsiab gauge ntawm riam phom (muab nyob rau hauv millimeters) - 5.45 39 (raws li tau zoo raws li lub AK-74). Txawm li cas los, raws li yuav tsum tau ua thiab lwm yam kev calibers: 5,56 45; 7,62 rau 39; 7,62 rau 51. Lub ntau lawm yog kuj yuav tsum 7,62 51 (NATO standard) thiab 6,5 Grendel.

lub sij hawm

Yuav ua li cas txhais tau ib tug tshiab ua phem phom loj los ntawm functionality? Txij li thaum lub kaum ib hlis ntawm xyoo tas los, raws li koj paub, hauv qhov kev xeem firings ua rau izhmashevskoy xeem puag, nws twb paub tseeb hais tias cov tshaj tawm hais tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 2014 nws ua tiav nws cov razrabotcheskie thiab kuaj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv TSNIITOCHMASH, thiab AK-12 mus rau kev pab. Pab tub rog yuav tau txais nws nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm, uas assumes 5,45 thiab 7,62 hli. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no tshiab riam phom yog muaj kev koom exported. Nco ntsoov tias ib tug ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm nws cov creation yog ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab feem ntawm cov thoob ntiaj teb caj npab ua lag luam raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev vam meej sib tw nrog lub teb chaws kuaj ntawm cov cav tov.

Yog qhov uas cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov lus uas Oleg Bochkarev, deputy tus tswj ntawm cov tub rog industrial complex ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv rau 16.09.2013, nyob rau hauv kev sib tham nrog cov xov tooj cua chaw nres tsheb "ncha ntawm Moscow".

Lwm yam ntaub ntawv leaked los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Vzglyad", qhia hais tias tus Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia pom zoo li nram qab no tswvyim muab kho dua machines kws muaj txuj ci Ministry: Lavxias teb sab yees li yog exchanged ib tug tshiab tshuab rau hauv peb cov laus ntawm cov Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci nrog rau riam phom warehouses.

Tus tshiab quab yuam phom loj, tsim los hloov lub sawv hauv AK-74 riam phom. Niaj hnub no, raws li peb paub, cov qauv no ua yooj yim infantry riam phom. Nws, nruj me ntsis hais lus, tau hloov, thawj ua ntej (nyob rau hauv lub "cuam tshuam" sib txeeb txoj kev loj hlob "Abakan"), thiab ces - nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej teg num nyob rau hauv 2013-2014. (Thaum deepening "Abakan txhob" tsom konstuirovaem tshiab "Kalashnikov"). Tests tsom AK-12: lub caj npab ua lag luam tuaj ib tug tshiab formidable riam phom, nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua phem phom costing lwm lub teb chaws.

Major kev txhim kho

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm nyob rau kev hloov mus rau V tiam "Kalashnikov" nyob rau hauv yooj yim tsim AK-74M (IV Tiam) 18 ua los ntawm yuav tsum muaj yam ntxwv hloov. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj kev tswj kom tau khaws cia rau hauv lub classic "Kalashnikov" layout, kev cia siab thiab simplicity.

AK-12 yog muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog rau txoj kev designers ua mechanism uas tso cai rau rau lub firing ntawm peb hom ntawm cov hluav taws: ib txhaj tshuaj, shooting bursts, bursts ntawm gunfire zog (txiav-off) - nyob rau hauv lub peb rounds.

Tseem ceeb kev kawm: thaum kawg ib tug tsis siv neeg Lavxias teb sab riam phom tom qab xyoo ntawm kev sib tham, tseem stocked yeej xis ergonomic tswj.

Thaum tej kev txom nyem muab sau qhov yooj yim ntawm folding telescoping buttstock, sighting kov. Siv ob butts kev hloov kho. Tus thawj - ib tug uas, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muaj ib tug Kalashnikov AK-74. Qhov thib ob - ib tug ntau manufacturable, telescopic nrog tsib txoj hauj lwm kev haum. Cov yav tas tso cai txig haum caj npab nyob rau hauv anthropometry xub. Significantly txo recoil, uas zoo muaj feem xyuam rau cov neeg ntawm cov hluav taws. Paub shooting hom cutoff.

Lub tshuab muaj ib tug modular tsim, uas tso cai rau txhim kho interchangeable kas tham ntawm txawv caliber thiab ntev. Nws yog tsim raws li ib lub hauv paus platform uas yuav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm 20 tom ntej kho.

Thaum tsim lub tshiab Lavxias teb sab phem phom loj siv qhov tseeb cov ntaub ntawv thiab coatings. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub thawj 10 patented kev daws teeb meem.

ergonomics

Siv lub AK-12 sab laug-hander yuav tsum tau raws li yooj yim raws li txoj cai-hander: tus kov rau recharge, thaum lub kev xaiv ntawm riam phom tswv, yooj yim lawm los yog sab laug los yog txoj cai. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ib tug zoo feem nyob rau hauv nws cov kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm nram qab no cuab feature tuav lub tshuab nrog ib tug txhais tes, nws yuav tsum tau mus hloov lub tib yam ntawm cov hluav taws, unfasten lub khw, muab tso rau qhov riam phom nyob rau hauv lub fuse, thiab tua nws. Ua li no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau tus ntiv tes xoo shooting tes nruab 2-txoj kev 4-txoj kev txhais lus-fuse.

Recharge lub sij hawm yog tsis tshua AK-12 nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm tshiab kev tsim kho nrog swb nres khawm conveniently nyob saum toj no hauv lub khw, txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub receiver. Tshuab muaj ib tug ntau txhav qauv: lub strengthening ntawm lub receiver them rau cov nuj nqis ntawm ib tug txhim khu kev qha pem hauv ntej articulation ntawm nws cov kev twb kev txuas nrog cov receiver. Nyob rau hauv nws cov rear feem no cap yog mounted los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb latch actuable qib nyob thereon tib rear-txoj cai.

mounted ntaus ntawv

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm fastening nrees stabilized txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub hau ntawm lub receiver txheeb ze mus rau lub thoob, uas tsim sij hawm ntxiv rau kev siv ntawm attachments. Tau mus pab txhawb qhov no ntxiv muaj nuj nqi, lub receiver cover finalized Picatinny rail (kuj muaj nyob rau ntawm lub hauv qab thiab sab mus rau lub forearm thiab cov roj chamber).

Nrog lawv pab, "flick ntawm lub dab teg" tshiab "Kalashnikov" AK-12 dhau mus ua ib tug grenade launcher. Nyob rau hauv qab bracket foregrip yuav nrog ntau hom grenade launchers 40 mm GP-25 "hluav taws" (rau cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg ciaj rog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab), 40-hli GP-30 "Obuvka" rau firing shrapnel caseless mos txwv, 40 mm zoo (devoid ntawm misfire) GP-34.

paub aim

Paub tsis siv neeg vapor assumes ib tug optimized nqi koj tshuav ntawm tsiv chaw thiab mechanisms, ntau siv muzzle brakes - tag nrho cov no yog cov shortest txoj kev coj ib tug tshiab ua phem phom loj rau qhov kev kawm sib npaug mus rau ib tug kuas automatics (AK-107).

Kalashnikov AK-12 yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug paub xov pooling thiab nkag, uas muaj ib tug zoo feem nyob rau ciaj ciam ntawm cov neeg.

Peb twb hais nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm Innovation txhais mechanism. Peb ntxiv hais tias nws tso cai rau koj mus cuag tus nqi ntawm kev ua tau zoo thaum shooting nrog ib tug cut-off 1000 rounds ib feeb, thiab queues - 600 (rau tib lub sij hawm). Cov kev hloov mus rau lub shooting hom yog ua tsis tau noj lawv ob lub qhov muag los ntawm qhov pom nplooj xub. Ua ntej hloov tau yooj yim nce mus txog koj tus ntiv tes xoo, nias tus txhais. No lub zog yog yooj yim, sai sai coj tuaj rau automatism.

Tshiab AK-12, vim lub aforementioned sawb, tau tau fastening khoom ncaj qha muaj feem xyuam rau cov neeg ntawm shooting: tag nrho cov hom ntawm sights (kho qhov muag, piv txwv li, ACOG tus, collimator, hmo ntuj, neeg kho tshuab), laser designators thiab tactical teeb. Cov neeg ntawm lub shooting kuj zoo muaj kev cuam tshuam ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv sighting ntev los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm lub rear pom rov qab.

martial yam ntxwv

Riam phom AK-12 (V tiam Lavxias teb sab phem phom) muaj cov kev yam ntxwv ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb (saib. Cov lus 1).

kev sib ntaus los tus yam ntxwv	ntsuas
Caliber, mm	5,45 rau 39; 5,56 45; 7,62 rau 39; 7,62 rau 51 NATO
xws hom	Gas qhov hluav taws xob, ib tug teb valve
ntev
AK-12, saib	110 - adjoin bayonet; taub qab - 94,5; Taub qab tau raug tshem tawm - 72,5
Lub cev, saib	41,5
Yuag, g	3300 (tsis muaj khw)
AK-12 phom loj yam ntxwv
The pace ntawm firing, txhaj tshuaj ib feeb	Queues - 600; cutoff - 1000
AK-12, tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib ntaus los muaj hwj chim (cartridges nyob rau hauv daim)	Classic kav AK (30); 4-kab box magazine (60); Nruas (95)
Muzzle tshaj tawm (xub pib)	0.9 km / s
Pib. Sighting. deb	0.6 km
Sighting kab (hli)	Pom sectored ua ke - 414 hli Sab nraum zoov diopter - 583 hli

Piv nrog rau NATO-vskimi phem phom

Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub tsev sau muaj ib tug yees duab ntawm ib AK-12, qhov no fact tam sim ntawd tsa loj resonance, ntau nrhiav nws tus yam ntxwv sib tham. Tom qab nws los ua tseeb hais tias cov tshiab tsim tsim ib lub ntiaj teb-class me me rho riam phom. Nws li cas mus rau ib tug tsim nyog sib txeeb mus ua phem phom ntawm cov kev lub teb chaws-neeg koom ntawm NATO. Qhov kawg daim ntawv yog muaj pov thawj nram qab no tej kev sib piv lub rooj.

Rooj 2. Sib piv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab AK-12 nrog ib lub hauv paus ntawm NATO rho riam phom

	Ltalis	United States	Lub teb chaws Yelemees	Austria	Zog ntawm Guj kuj
	Beretta ARX 160	M16A4	HK416 14,5 "	Steyr A3 Aug	AK-12
Xyoo ntawm adopting	2009	1994	2005	2005	2014
Pawg (unfilled) kg	3	3,55	3,56	3.9	3.2
Length Dec. taub qab, mm	950	1000	950	745	940
Receiver ntev hli	406	510	420	455	415
caliber	5,56 hli mus rau 45 hli	5,56 hli mus rau 45 hli	5,56 hli mus rau 45 hli	5,56 hli mus rau 45 hli	5,45 hli rau 39 hli
zoo shooting	ib	ib	ib	ib	ib
	tsis siv neeg	Lub cut-off of 3 txhaj tshuaj	tsis siv neeg	tsis siv neeg	Lub cut-off of 3 txhaj tshuaj
		tsis siv neeg			tsis siv neeg
Rate ntawm RDS. / Min	700	700-950	850	680-750	650-1000
mos txwv ceev, km / s (Basic.)	n / d	0.85	0.75	0.99	0.9
Nyhuv. neej yav tom ntej. shooting	0.6 km	0.6 km	0.4 km	0.5 km	0.6 km
magazine muaj peev xwm	100 cartridges; 30 rounds	Los ntawm 20 mus rau 100 rounds ntawm cov mos txwv; 30 rounds txheem	Los ntawm 20 mus rau 100 rounds ntawm cov mos txwv; 30 rounds txheem	42 rounds ntawm cov mos txwv; 30 rounds	95, 60, 30 rounds
Basic pom	Qhov pom yog qhib	diopter pom	diopter pom	Kho qhov muag pom 1.5X	Kuj tsis paub meej diopter pom. los yog qhib
Lub sighting Symptoms	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny
tacked grenade		M203	HK AG36	M203	GP-25, 30,34

Raws li yuav pom los ntawm lub rooj, feem ntau ntawm cov tsis ua ntej ntawm nws cov competitors nyob rau hauv lub AK-12. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab riam phom feem ntau ntau yam.

Revaluation ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab caj npab tactical kev sib ntaus los siv AK

Tej zaum koj yuav pom tri-hom firing AK-12 (Photo riam phom nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm qhia lub zog-selector mus). Yuav ua li cas yog vim li cas? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho - nrog ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub ideology ntawm kev sib ntaus los siv ntawm tus tshiab "Kalashnikov". Soviet cov tub rog science tau pom tias yog ntau xyoo uas lub firing bursts ntawm hluav taws yog suav tias yog lub ntsiab view ntawm lub tshuab. Qhov no erroneous saib kom txog thaum nyuam qhuav prevailed nyob rau hauv Soviet classical ntaub ntawv shooting. Mas ua nyob rau hauv nws, thiab lub AK thiab AKM. Nws twb ntseeg tau hais tias txoj kev los ua ib tug kev kub ceev ntawm cov hluav taws thiab, yog li ntawd, ntau concentration ntawm firepower.

Ib tug ntawm cov uas lub Lavxias teb sab zaum nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm phom Sergey Borisovich Monetchikov nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm tau sau tseg thiab kev txaus cai ib tug ntau tseeb saib ntawm qhov teeb meem.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov qhia rau peb txog cov thawj zaug tej yam kev mob uas los ntawm kev lav ris kom xav tias cov tub rog science. Qhov no cov mos txwv tub rog. Nws yog pom tseeb tias nws yog tsuas yog siv rau lub hom phiaj heev tej yam kev mob. Soldier, armed nrog ib rab phom, muaj peev xwm coj rau ib tug bout ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm 8-10 hom khw muag khoom noj. Yog li ntawd, lub zeem muag ntawm "blurt tawm" nws tig thaum pib ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua cam ob qhov kev siv ntawm cov tub rog nqe ntaus rog lub hom phiaj, thiab nws cov ciaj sia taus nyob rau hauv tib sib ntaus sib tua. Sib nrug ntawm no qhov tseeb, nws yog tsim nyog los noj mus rau hauv tus account qhov zoo tshaj yuav ntawm tshav kub ua tsov rog. Thaum firing bursts tus txheej txheem yog ntau npaum li cas mob siab heev. Excessively rhuab li caj npab "kua zaub ntsuab" xub tsawg cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug sib ntaus nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw ntim (sab hauv tsev) shooting bursts fraught nrog unpredictable bounce rau cov shooting. Ntse heev Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov yog thiab yog kiag li txoj cai, kev qhia cov tub rog "los tiv thaiv cov cartridge." Qhov no lub tswv yim, ntawm chav kawm, tsis mus rau lub detriment ntawm lub firing siab rau tus yeeb ncuab pom tau hais nyob rau hauv qhov suav hais tias riam phom. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav xav txog qhov tua ntawm tus tshiab tactics "Kalashnikov".

ib shooting

Nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb pfu nyob rau hauv zoo visibility yog nyiam firing ib cartridges. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los tsis ua hauj lwm feem xyuam rau-kev khiav ceev cov txheej txheem ntawm tsoo lub hom phiaj Circuit Court los ntawm npog nws ntau cia nyias qhov. Nyob rau hauv-khiav ceev nrog ib tug nyob ntsiag to puag ncig koj yeej tseem siv tus txheej txheem ntawm aiming "nyob rau hauv rau sab laug txhais ceg," los yog los ntawm nrhiav ib lub qhov muag rau lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv ib tug kev sib ntaus los qhov teeb meem no rau cov tub rog muaj kev nyuaj siab zoo tshaj uas dulls neeg, tej yam ntawm lub cev qaug zog, kev tiv thaiv cov khoom, thiab lwm yam Tua cov queues nyob rau tib lub sij hawm - npliag dhau heev lawm.

Incidentally optionally ua tib zoo tsom nyob rau txhua txhua zaug xwb txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv. Zoo pov thawj ib tug khiav tawm hauv tsev ib shooting, tsis ua nyob rau hauv scrupulous aiming, thiab los ntawm combining yoov nrog lub hom phiaj. AK-12 nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog tsis tshua muaj yooj yim. Nws tus firing mechanism tom qab tua zoo yuav siv sij hawm taw rau lub hom phiaj, thaum pab mus rau lub efficiency ntawm ntxiv khiav tawm hauv tsev ib lub teeb.

Shooting nyob rau hauv luv luv bursts

Qhov no hom ntawm hluav taws yog muaj feem xyuam nyob rau hauv thawj zaug rau theem tej thaj chaw deb battlefield thaum pluag visibility tej yam kev mob (hmo ntuj, haus luam yeeb, ci ntsa iab ntsuab). Nyob rau hauv cov tej yam, cov thawj theem ntawm ib tug kev sib tsoo nrog cov yeeb ncuab tsis yog ib txwm tseeb qhov twg nws yeej yog. Nrog kev pab los ntawm muaj nuj nqis luv luv bursts ua "fumble" tus yeeb ncuab.

Ces tus gunman mus rau ib tug hluas tua ntawm ib tug qhia tau yeeb ncuab txaus. Muaj lwm cov kev xaiv. Bursts ntawm 6-8 rounds raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm ib tug tos kev tua los ntawm yeeb ncuab pab tub rog nyob rau hauv sighted firing sector. Yog li qhov hluav taws kub mus txog nyiaj pab ntau tshaj ceev thiab, raws li, thov maximal kev puas tsuaj rau tus yeeb ncuab. Rate ntawm AK-12 suav 600/1000 yuav zoo nqa tawm xws li missions.

shooting cutoff

Cov tub rog hluav taws kub, nyob rau hauv statics thiab puab. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv, nws yuav tua, yog tsis ruaj tsis khov. Nyob rau hauv tej yam cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj efficiency hom cutoff. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, rau lub AK-12, zoo-cov pov thawj nqi koj tshuav ntawm tus txhais: lub pob tw yog tsis nyob rau hauv kev txaus ntshai ntawm ua muab-up thiab, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tau zoo yog cov neeg.

Firing ntev bursts

Qhov no hom ntawm shooting yog siv nyob rau hauv tus quab yuam, yog hais tias tus yam tsawg kawg nkaus tej yam kev mob ricochet cia nyias qhov. Feem ntau, attackers tsis paub qhov twg nws yog nkaum tiv thaiv yeeb ncuab. Firing ntev bursts tso cai rau nws mus neutralize lub (tej zaum mus ib ntus, nws kuj tseem ceeb) tsis yog ib tug teev, thiab tam sim ntawd - nyob rau hauv ib qhov nqi ntawm qhov chaw.

xaus

Tus tshiab Kalashnikov phem phom loj AK-12 - ib thaj av rau tus neeg theem ntawm tiam, cov khoom ntawm Lavxias teb sab tiv thaiv kev lag luam.

Qhov no txhim khu kev qha thiab high-tech weaponry paub tseeb hais tias cov khoom muaj npe KB Kalashnikov. Txawm li cas los, nws lub peev xwm zoo heev sib ntaus sib tua yam ntxwv yuav tsum tau hu ua tsuas zoo li qub. Dynamics of daim ntawv thov AK-12 (yees duab tub rog tua cov hlau lead, supra.), M. E. Nws kev sib ntaus los hauj lwm zoo yog manifested nyob rau hauv lub hlau Performance nrog lub peev xwm thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm cov neeg ua. Ua li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis template tiav raws li nyob rau hauv tus khiav ceev, shooting ce, thiab lawv mos mos combining, tsheb ciav hlau tub rog. Nws yuav tsum tau tsis tsuas kom meej hluav taws, tab sis nws yog advisable kom hloov shooting hom "Kalashnikov", nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kev sib ntaus los qhov teeb meem no.