Lub keeb kwm ntawm animation nyob rau hauv Russia

Zoo, uas tsis nyiam tas lauv? Tam sim no lub lag luam muaj tsim los zoo li no qhov twg hais tias cov tas lauv muaj tshwj xeeb los thiab graphics, nws yog tej thaum nyuaj rau nco ntsoov ntev-sawv "tiaj" movies nrog tsawg-zoo portrayal, tsis muaj tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov teebmeem, xws li, 3D. Niaj hnub no cov me nyuam yuav tsis to taub dab tsi nws txhais tau hais tias tas luav cim tawm ntawm cov av nplaum hais txog ib tug uab lag nrog cheese lub ntsiab lus ntawm tej yam yooj yim luv luv tas lauv nrog faded paj thiab me ntsis muffled suab ntawm lub cim, tab sis hais txog lub filmstrips muaj tsis muaj dab tsi hais!

Lub keeb kwm ntawm animation - yog cia li ib kauj ruam ntawm tus yeeb yam, vim hais tias los ntawm thaum pib tas lauv raug xam tias yog cais kinozhanrov. Yog li ntawd nws tshwm sim txawm lub fact tias ib tug yeeb yam tas lauv yog tsis tshua muaj heev tshaj nrog painting.

Cartoons peb tshuav Yauxej toj siab

Zoo li lwm yam kev keeb kwm, lub keeb kwm ntawm animation thiab animation tau muaj nws ib ce thiab downs, kev kho thiab ntev stagnation. Txawm li cas los, qhov tseeb nws yog nthuav tias zus tau tej cov tas lauv tsim yuav luag tas li thiab tseem ua tau li ntawd kom txog rau thaum tam sim no. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm animation txuam nrog lub npe ntawm tus Belgian paub txog Yauxej toj siab. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv 1832 tsim ib qho khoom ua si hu ua stroboscope. Nws yog tsis zoo li hais tias peb cov me nyuam pib mus ua si nrog ib tug qho khoom ua si nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub no, tab sis cov me nyuam ntawm cov xyoo pua puv 19 xws kev lom zem yog mus rau lawv cov los. Nyob rau lub tiaj disc twb thov nqus, piv txwv li khiav nees (raws li yog lub toj siab), nrog rau tom ntej me ntsis txawv los ntawm lub yav dhau los ib tug, uas yog ib tug sib lawv liag ntawm drawings depicting tus tsiaj ua ntawm ib tug dhia. Thaum lub disk yog spinning, lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug tsiv duab.

Tus thawj d

Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem nyuaj npaum li cas Yauxej toj siab kom nws installation, los ua ib tug tag nrho-fledged tas luav nws ua tsis tau tejyam. Nws muab txoj kev mus rau lub Frenchman Emilyu Reyno, uas tsim ib tug zoo li ntaus ntawv hu ua praxinoscope, uas muaj ib tug kheej kheej coated nrog nws xws li incremental qauv raws li nyob rau hauv lub stroboscope.

Yog li pib lub keeb kwm ntawm animation. Twb tau nyob rau lub caij xyoo pua 17th, lub Fabkis nrhiav tau ib tug me me kho qhov muag ua yeeb yam, qhov uas nws pom tag nrho pobtsuas comic kev nthuav qhia ntawm 15 feeb nyob rau hauv ntev. Thaum lub sij hawm, cov nroj tsuag twb hloov mus rau ntxiv ib qhov system of tsom iav thiab teeb, uas, ntawm chav kawm, tau coj lub ntiaj teb no mus xws li ib tug tej yam yees siv cov nyhuv, zoo li ib tug tas luav.

Animation thawj xyoo ntawm nws lub neej txuas ntxiv mus rau tsim nyob rau hauv Fabkis, nrog rau cov ua yeeb yam thiab xinesmas. Nto moo thawj coj Emil Kol nto moo actor mus rho nrug, tab sis tseem muaj ib tug tas luav ntes tau nws dua, thiab nyob rau hauv 1908 nws "pleev xim rau" nws thawj tas luav. Yuav kom ua tau realism, Kohl siv cov duab thiab rubbings cov khoom los ntawm cov xwm, tab sis tseem nws tus me nyuam yog ntau zoo li ib tug comic phau ntawv nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab, es rau zaj duab xis.

Choreographer ntawm lub ua yeeb yam - tus tsim ntawm animation nyob rau hauv Russia

Raws li rau lub Lavxias teb sab cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm animation, lawv pauv mus rau ib theem tshiab tas lauv, tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub cim yog puppets. Yog li ntawd, domestic tas luav yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1906, los ntawm uas pib lub keeb kwm ntawm animation nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Alexander Shiryaev, tus neeg dhia tes tswv ntawm lub Mariinsky ua yeeb yam, tau kev txhawb ib tug tas luav, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov uas 12 tus neeg tau ua dancing me nyuam roj hmab.

Luv movie kaw rau cov zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv ib tug dav ntawm 1.5 cm, yog ib yam nkaus thiab laborious ua hauj lwm. Rau peb lub hlis, Alexander khiav deb ntawm lub koob yees duab rau cov heev daim ntawv li ntawd feem ntau hais tias txawm lig los plhws ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv hauv pem teb. Me nyuam roj hmab tau Shiryaev tsis cia li txav tshaj lub saum npoo zoo li ghosts, lawv tseem ciaj sia, dhia, spinning nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab ua zoo kawg zog. Paub historians thiab multipliers tseem tsis tau unravel daim card ntawm no kev ua si cim. Txawm koj hais tias, thiab keeb kwm ntawm domestic animation - yog ib tug tham thiab loj heev, yog li tsis txhob ib txwm txawm lub feem ntau tshaj cov kws txawj tsis tau nkag siab lub ntsiab cai ntawm lub lag luam ntawm ib tug ntaus ntawv.

Vladislav Starevich - kaj "cim" ntawm Lavxias teb sab animation

Keeb kwm ntawm lub animation txuam nrog rau cov npe ntawm Fabkis zaum thiab directors. Vladislav Starevich yog raws nraim lub "dub yaj" ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv 1912 nws tuaj nrog ib tug tiag tiag 3D-animation! Tsis yog, lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab animation twb tsis tau mus txog qhov twg tib neeg muaj ntse txaus hnav tshwj xeeb tsom iav, tus txiv neej ua ib tug ntev puppet tas luav. Nws yog dub thiab dawb, coj txawv txawv thiab txawm scary, vim hais tias mus ua ib tug zoo nkauj ua cim nrog nws tus kheej ob txhais tes yog ib tug me ntsis yooj yim.

Qhov no tas luav hu ua "Zoo nkauj Lyukanida, los yog ua tsov ua rog ntawm stag thiab barbel", feem ntau nthuav yog hais tias Vladislav Starevich siv cov tshuaj tua kab nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, uas yog tsis xav tsis thoob, raws li nws yog heev fond ntawm cov creatures. Nws yog nrog tus txiv neej no pib tas lauv nrog lub ntsiab lus, vim hais tias Starevich xav tias cov zaj duab xis yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas lom zem, tab sis kuj yuav muaj ib co tsi subtext. Thiab xwb, nws films tau xeeb raws li ib co tutorials rau biology ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab, nws tsis xav kom cov d, uas yuav tsim tau ib ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab.

Tsuas yog ib tug "Lyukanide" Starevich tsis tau nres, nws tom qab tsim lub tas lauv ntawm fables, tam sim no lawv pib li ib yam ntawm cov fairy-tales.

Soviet lub sij hawm

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Soviet animation pib nyob rau hauv 1924, thaum lub unpopular hnub no studio "Kultkino" ob peb ntxias tau tsim ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm animated tas lauv. Cov lawv twb "Lub German ua lag ua luam thiab tej xwm txheej", "Soviet cov khoom ua si", "xwm nyob rau hauv Tokyo" thiab lwm tus neeg. Tus nqi ntawm creation ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tas luav yog ho muaj zog yog hais tias tus ua ntej lawm animators twb lub hlis rau ib tug project, nws yog tam sim no txo mus rau ib tug lub sij hawm ntawm 3 lub lis piam (tsis tshua muaj ntau). Qhov no twb ua vim hais tias ntawm ib tug txhob nyob rau hauv cov kos duab. Ntxias tau tiaj tus qauv, uas yam sij hawm thiab ua rau tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev kom cov movie tsawg lub sij hawm siv. Animation thaum lub sij hawm muab lub ntiaj teb no ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm tas lauv uas yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tiam sis kuj thoob ntiaj teb.

Alexander Ptushko

Tus neeg no kuj pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb cov animation. Los ntawm kev kawm ntawv nws yog ib tug kws kes duab vajtse thiab tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab engineering. Tab sis thaum nws tau txais mus rau lub "Mosfilm", kuv pom tau hais tias cov creation ntawm puppet animation yog nws txoj hauj lwm. Muaj nws muaj peev xwm mus coj mus rau lub neej thiab nws architectural kev txawj ntse, thiab pab tsim ib tug zoo kev luj los tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab zaj duab xis studio.

Nws los ua tshwj xeeb nto moo tom qab cov creation ntawm lub "Tshiab Gulliver" tas luav nyob rau hauv 1935. Tsis yog, nws tsis overlay ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm, nws yog ib yam ntawm cov reshaping "Gulliver lub tsev" nyob rau hauv txoj kev lub Soviet Union. Thiab yog dab tsi tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tshiab kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv Ptushko - nws muaj peev xwm mus muab ob txawv kiag li cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis kev lag luam: tas luav thiab acting. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv tas lauv tshwm sim me nyuam roj hmab cwj pwm txawv, loj, kev ua yuav khees ua los ntawm cov wizard. Lub keeb kwm ntawm animation rau cov me nyuam uas muaj zoo thiab zoo nkauj cim pib lub countdown yog nyob rau Ptushko.

Tsis ntev, nws los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tshiab studio "Soyuzdetmultfilm" tas lauv, tab sis xyov tom qab ib tug thaum tawm hauv nws post, ces nws animated kev ua si yog paub tsuas yog hais tias nws twb. Alexander txiav txim siab mus devote nws tus kheej mus rau qhov tsos. Tab sis nyob rau hauv nws tom ntej zaj duab xis ua hauj lwm, nws siv lub "chips" animation.

Walt Disney thiab nws cov "pub dawb"

Nws hloov tawm, lub keeb kwm ntawm animation nyob rau hauv Russia twb ua tau thiab hloov zuj zuj nyob rau hauv daim tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev soj ntsuam, kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kiv cua ntawm cartoons, Walt Disney nws tus kheej muab lub Moscow zaj duab xis Success ib tug tag nrho lus ntawm zaj duab xis zoo pleev xim rau tag nrho cov nyiam tas luav txog ib tug zoo qub Mickey nas. Peb domestic zaj duab xis director Fyodor Khitruk yog li ntawd qhuas los ntawm cov smooth thiab inconspicuous ncej tus nqi thiab zoo ntawm kev kos duab, kuv pom tau hais tias peb xav kom cov tib! Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Russia muaj tsuas yog puppetry rau muab tso rau nws mob me, unpresentable cov khoom ua si. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub siab xav los txhim kho lub studio nws tau tsim, lub zoo-paub Soviet thiab post-Soviet cov me nyuam - "Soyuzmultfilm".

"Soyuzmultfilm" - nostalgia Corporation

Nyob rau hauv 1935, peb animators pom tau hais tias nws yog lub sij hawm uas ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub neej tas luav dluab hloov, nws yog lub sij hawm mus rau pov tawm cov qub me nyuam roj hmab thiab pib mus koom nyob rau hauv loj heev yam. Combining ob peb me me studios tawg khiav ri niab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws, yog los tsim ib tug loj-scale ua hauj lwm, muaj ntau critics cam hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm animation yuav pib nrog lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Tus thawj studio ua hauj lwm yog zoo nkauj boring vim hais tias lawv devoted mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, tab sis los ntawm 1940, cov kws txawj los ntawm Leningrad rau Moscow tsiv Union. Txawm li cas los, txawm tom qab ntawd, tsis muaj dab tsi zoo tshwm sim txij li thaum tsov rog pib, tag nrho cov koom haum muaj ib tug ntshiab lub teeb liab - mus tsa tus patriotic ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg.

Tom qab tsov rog, muaj ib tug ntse sawv nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm zus tau tej cov tas lauv. Cov tuav tsis pom li ib txwm hloov cov duab thiab cov tsis yog tus ib txwm me nyuam roj hmab thiab muaj tiag cim thiab nthuav plots. Tag nrho cov no twb tiav los ntawm kev siv ntawm cov tshiab cov khoom, muaj proven American phooj ywg Walt Disney thiab nws studio. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1952 lub engineers yog tsim raws nraim tib yam koob yees duab raws li ib tug "Disney" studio. Yuav kom tsim txoj kev tshiab ntawm shooting (Stereoscopic nyhuv) thiab coj tuaj rau lub automatism ntawm cov laus. Thaum no tus taw tes, tas lauv noj nyob rau hauv nws cov tshiab daim tawv nqaij, es tsis txhob ntawm senseless cov me nyuam "kinoshek" tshwm sim thiab kev kawm nrog tej overtones ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd kom luv luv films, tua ib tug tag nrho-ntev animated tas lauv, xws li "Tus Daus poj huab tais". Nyob rau hauv kev, txij thaum lub lag luam ntawm "Soyuzmultfilm" animation thiab zaj dab neeg pib nyob rau hauv Russia. Rau cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov hnub, txawm me me hloov nyob hnov thiab txawm lub luv luv me ntsis films tau menyuam.

1980-1990-s

Tom qab cov kev hloov ntawm cov kev taw qhia txog tej nyob rau hauv animation Soviet tas lauv uas yog pib tau zoo nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1970. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm uas caum muaj yog xws li ib tug zoo-paub tas luav li "Hedgehog nyob rau hauv lub Pos huab", uas ntsia, tej zaum, tag nrho cov me nyuam yug los ua ntej lub 2000s. Txawm li cas los, tshwj xeeb lifting haujlwm zauv cai nyob rau hauv lub 80-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm los muaj lub npe nrov tas luav zaj duab xis los ntawm Roman Kachanova "Lub Paub tsis meej ntawm lub Peb ntiaj chaw". Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1981. Qhov no daim duab yeej lub siab lub ntsws ntawm ntau cov me nyuam ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab cov laus tsis squeamish txog menyuam, yuav tsis ncaj ncees. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws luam tawm tus naas ej "Plasticine uab lag" tej yam tshwm sim tuaj mus rau lub studio "Ekran" tshiab d, Aleksandra Tatarskogo. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd tib yam specialist ua ib qho kev animated tas luav "Lwm Sab ntawm koj lub hli," uas nws lub npe thiab luring paub dab tsi muaj yog nyob rau lwm sab ntawm lub hli?

Tab sis cov av nplaum - nws tsuas yog "paj", raws li nyob rau hauv Sverdlovsk, nquag koom nyob rau hauv lub animated kev ua ntawm lub teb chaws, twv zaj duab xis tau tsim siv iav. Ces tus naas ej iav artist Alexander Petrov. Cov no iav paintings - "Fairy Tale txog me ntsis hluas nkauj sim", tso nyob rau hauv 1985.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub 1980s, cim los ntawm hnyav thiab ntxhib cwj nrag nyob rau hauv lub depiction ntawm, cov neeg pluag zoo ntawm cov duab thiab tag nrho cov vagueness, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus pom los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm "Qhov kev tshawb xyuas lead khoom». Qhov no zam yog zoo li ib tug kab mob, kis los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm domestic animation, ob peb ntxias tau tshem ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm dog dig painting, txawm hais tias tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug neeg style nyob rau hauv painting.

Nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm Guj kuj pib muab kev koom tes nrog txawv teb chaws studios, nyuab thiab kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog txawv teb chaws cov kws txawj ua ib tug tag nrho-ntev tas lauv. Tseem, feem ntau patriotic ntxias nyob twj ywm tom tsev, nrog lawv cov kev pab thiab txuas ntxiv keeb kwm ntawm animation nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws.

animation hnub no

Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws flourished ntsoog, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag animation. Nws nkawd hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm animation rau cov me nyuam raws li tau zoo raws li cov laus, yog tas. Studios tau muaj tsuas yog los ntawm advertising thiab tsis tshua muaj kev txiav txim. Tsis tau thaum lub sij hawm twb ua hauj lwm, uas muab tsub lub nqi zog ( "The Laus txiv neej thiab hauv lub hiav txwv" thiab "Lub caij ntuj no taleas"). "Soyuzmultfilm" kuj tau muab rhuav pov tseg, cov tub ceev xwm muag tag nrho cov cai rau tas lauv thiab tag tsaus muag lub studio.

Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 2002 Russia rau thawj lub sij hawm mus siv rau hauv lub computer los tsim animations, thiab txawm "vague" lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm animation, cov ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab animators yuav siv sij hawm muaj nuj nqis ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kev sib tw.

Nyob rau hauv 2006, resumed zus tau tej cov tas lauv nyob rau hauv Russia, tuaj tawm "Tub huabtais Vladimir", "Me Longnose". Muaj tshiab studio "Zeb" thiab "Tshav ntuj Lub tsev".

Tab sis nws muab tawm hais tias thaum ntxov rau kev zoo siab, vim hais tias tom qab 3 lub xyoos tom qab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub xeem paub films pib dub stripe ntsoog. Muaj ntau studios raug kaw, thiab hauv lub xeev tau ceased mus pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab animation.

Tam sim no muaj ntau domestic studio tso tawm tag nrho cov koj nyiam cartoons, dab neeg tej zaum kuj tsis haum nyob rau hauv lub watch ib tug yeeb yam, li ntawd, peb yuav tsum kos 2-3, thiab txawm ntau qhov chaw. Thaum swb nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm animation nyob rau hauv Russia yog tsis xav tau.

Hais dab tsi li koj nyiam, thiab txawm neeg laus hlub mus saib tas lauv, thiab tej zaum kuj ua rau nws ntau kom zoo zoo lawv cov me nyuam, thiab tag nrho vim hais niaj hnub tas lauv kaj, interesting thiab funny. Lawv tam sim no tsis piv nrog rau cov menyuam roj hmab, uas twb tau mus kawm los ntawm kab laum thiab lwm yam kab. Cuaj kaum, tej theem, uas "wb nce lub toj" lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab animation yog ib qho tseem ceeb, vim hais tias txhua yam uas lawv coj mus rau zoo tag nrho.