Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam ntawm lub computer. Khoos phib tawj rau lub "dummies"

Niaj hnub no, xam pab kiag li lawm yog li nyob ruaj khov hauv peb lub neej, uas mus xav txog tej yam peb lub neej yog tsis muaj lawv mas tsis yooj yim sua. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau cov neeg yuav luag yeej tsis xav txog hais tias, ua li cas tag nrho cov ntawm cov tshuab. Tom ntej no yuav pom tau tias, yuav ua li cas lub computer (rau "Teapots", li ntawd, yuav hais lus). Ntawm cov hoob kawm, los mus piav qhia txhua yam nyob rau hauv kev nthuav dav thiab npog tag nrho cov kev sib nrauj yuav tsis ua hauj lwm (yog nws feem ntau, thiab tsis tas yuav). Yog li ntawd peb kaw peb tus kheej mus rau lub yooj yim yam, nyob rau hauv tej yam yooj yim "tib neeg" lus.

Khoos phib tawj rau "Dummies": ntsiab Cheebtsam

Hais txog cov qauv ntawm tej computer ntaus ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau kom meej meej to taub hais tias yeej muaj hardware thiab software.

Nyob rau hauv kev kho vajtse to taub tag nrho kev cob cog rua pab kiag li lawm, uas, yog tias tej zaum kuv yuav hais li ntawd, koj yuav kov (processors, nco sawb, ib qho nyuaj drives, saib, yees duab, suab thiab suab phaib, keyboard, nas, peripheral pab kiag li lawm xws li printers, scanners, etc. . d.). Cov neeg, rau tag nrho cov Cheebtsam yog tej zaum raug xa mus rau raws li "computer hardware".

Lub software ib feem yog ua los ntawm ntau yam, cov uas lub leading lub luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm cov operating system, raws li nyob rau hauv uas lub sis ntawm kho vajtse, thiab lwm yam kev pab cuam thiab ntsia nws ib tug ntaus ntawv tsav tsheb - ib tug tshwj xeeb kev pab cuam los ntawm txoj kev uas lub operating system yuav nrog tus "hlau" nws tus kheej thiab yuav siv nws lub thaum ua tau zoo tej yam kev pab raws qib.

Li no nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus xaus hais tias cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm txhua yam uas lub computer yog lub sis ntawm "hlau" thiab software uas tseemceeb. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib tug ces dag saib. Cov dab yuav tau piav tom qab.

Khoos phib tawj "hlau"

Cov kev kho vajtse, raws li muaj ntau yam ntseeg, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw yog cov processor thiab RAM. Nyob rau hauv ib feem, qhov no yog muaj tseeb tiag. Lawv ensured tias tag nrho cov kev pab cuam cov lus qhia thiab muab lub peev xwm los khiav tej dab.

Nyob rau lwm cov tes, yog tias koj khawb tob, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lub "hlau" cov tivthaiv los ntawm nws tus kheej yog worthless, vim hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los siv mus txuas qhov chaw. Thiab muaj tseem ceeb, thiaj li hu ua, lub motherboard (nyob rau hauv cov neeg - "niam") - ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv uas yog mounted tag nrho cov lwm yam, kev circuits, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, qhov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm koj lub computer (qhov tseeb hauj lwm tsis muaj failures) yog .. kom txuas tag nrho cov kho vajtse Cheebtsam ntawm lub duas paub controllers tshwj xeeb slots los yog nyob rau hauv lub motherboard. Muaj tej kev cai, piv txwv li, qhov tseeb siv PCI tsheb npav, rau txuas nyuaj drives thiab tshem drives siv tus Xib Hwb / Leejtwg hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab hais txog. D.

Peb yuav tsum hais mus tas li nco (ROM) nyob rau ntaub ntawv uas yog kaw li, yog hais tias puas, thiab random nkag nco (RAM) pab rau txim tuag software Cheebtsam.

Hom software

Software computer operating hauv paus ntsiab lus yuav siv uas tsim nyog software rau siab ua.

Nyob rau hauv cov kev nkag siab cov software yog muab faib ua ob peb pawg, cov uas yuav qhia tau nyias thiab system daim ntawv thov software. Los ntawm system software xws li tus kheej kev khiav hauj lwm systems, ntaus ntawv tsav tsheb, tej zaum cov kev pab hlauv taws xob, tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb lag luam ntawm lub tag nrho qhov system. Uas yog hais tias, tag nrho cov hnab ntawv, uas ua daim ntaub ntawv thiab daim ntaub ntawv. Software ntawm no hom muaj ib tug nruj kev yi txawv, uas yog, rau qhov kev kawm ntawm ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm.

Tab sis txij thaum peb tham txog, dab tsi yog qhov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm computer lag luam nyob rau hauv ib tug general kev txiav txim zoo, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw muaj cov system software. Tom ntej no, xav txog yuav ua li cas khiav rau tag nrho cov computer system.

Zaj lus qhia ntawm Informatics. PC: Switching thiab Xeem Devices

Tej zaum, ntau cov neeg siv ntawm desktop PCs tau pom hais tias thaum koj lub computer pib yog hnov lub txawv lub suab ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Ob peb cov neeg xyuam xim rau nws, txawm li cas los, los ntawm lub fact ntawm nws tshwm sim muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus hais tias "hlau" pab kiag li lawm yog ua hauj lwm kom zoo.

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim? Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam ntawm lub computer yog hais tias thaum lub hwj chim yog thov mus rau nti, hu ua cov thawj ntaus ntawv I / O, ua xeem tag nrho li. Tus thawj yog qhia hais tias yuav muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab, vim hais tias yog hais tias nws yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm, lub kaw lus yuav tsuas tsis tau mus tso saib nrig txog kev pom cov ntaub ntawv. Tsuas yog ces yog txiav txim los ntawm lub processor hom thiab nws tus yam ntxwv, RAM xaiv, nyuaj drives thiab lwm yam pab kiag li lawm. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov lus qhia tau chiv muab cia rau hauv lub BIOS tshaj "hardware".

download xaiv

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub chaw thau khoom kuj muab txhais raws li ib txoj ntsiab cai ntawm computer programming ua hauj lwm, txij li thaum pov thawj yog precisely lub software, es lub cev txoj kev.

Tam sim ntawd cov qhua system thiab xaiv cov khau raj ntaus ntawv (hard disk, kho qhov muag tawm, USB-ntaus ntawv network, thiab hais txog. D.). Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ntxiv hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib lub PC nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm load yog los qhia rau tus ntaus ntawv, yog li ntawd-hu ua khau raj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau pib lub system.

Pib lub operating system

Mus download tau cov OS yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb loader uas initializes cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub cev, muab sau tseg rau cov hard disk thiab muab nws nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb, tom qab uas tus txheej txheem tswj yog pauv mus rau lub OS twb.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus tswv khau raj cov ntaub ntawv tej zaum yuav muaj ntau saj zawg zog xaiv, muab txoj cai los xaiv ib tug bootable system neeg siv. Yog hais tias lub caij pib yog tsim los ntawm ib tug tshem tau xov xwm, cov executable khau raj code yog nyeem los ntawm nws, tab sis lub download nyob rau hauv tej daim ntawv no yog ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub yog hais tias tus BIOS yuav txiav txim seb lub executable code li siv tau. Txwv tsis pub cov on-screen ceeb toom txog ua tsis tau tejyam community launch zoo nkaus li, zoo li ib tug uas cov khau raj muab faib yog pom. Nws yog tej zaum kuj siv los ntawm lub muab faib rooj, uas muaj cov lus qhia txog tag nrho cov zajlus kom disks, uas yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv hard drive. Ntawm lwm yam, siv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv koom haum, uas yog lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv system (ROG, NTFS, thiab lwm tus neeg.).

Nco ntsoov hais tias qhov no yog lub feem ntau txheej thaum ub txhais lus ntawm cov khau raj txheej txheem, vim nws yog ua tau ntau npaum li cas complicated.

Khoos phib tawj nco: community launch cov kev pab cuam

Yog li, lub operating system tau booted. Tam sim no tsom rau qhov kev pab cuam thiab daim ntawv thov kev kawm. Rau lawv siv yog feem ntau lub luag hauj lwm CPU thiab nco, tsis hais qhov kev koom tes tsav tsheb ntawm lwm yam pab kiag li lawm.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm computer nco ua hauj lwm yog hais tias thaum koj khiav lub executable pab cov ntaub ntawv los yog lwm yam khoom los ntawm lub ROM los yog tshem tau xov xwm thaum ib daim ntawv thov ua zoo li ib tug complementary luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub random nkag nco (RAM) los ntawm cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub system uas muab tso rau ib co lwm yam kev Cheebtsam, feem ntau ntawm uas yog dynamic tsev qiv ntawv (txawm hais tias yooj yim cov kev pab cuam rau lawv muaj tej zaum yuav tsis muab), thiab tsim nyog rau ntaus ntawv tsav tsheb.

Lawv muab cov kev txuas ntawm cov operating system, qhov kev pab cuam nws tus kheej thiab cov neeg siv. Nws yog tseeb hais tias tus loj dua cov nqi ntawm lub cim xeeb tau, qhov ntau yam nyob rau hauv nws yuav tsum downloaded thiab tus ceev lawv yuav tsum tau ua. Thaum txib sis los nyob rau hauv lub CPU, uas ua rau tag nrho cov xam kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv lub system. Tomqab kawm tas hauv daim ntawv thov los yog thaum lub computer kaw tag nrho cov Cheebtsam ntawm lub "RAM" mos txwv. Tab sis qhov no yog tsis ib txwm rooj plaub.

Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub system tsis

Ib txhia dab tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb mus tas li. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau nres manually. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais-raws li systems, ntau yam kev pab yuav pib cia, tab sis tus neeg siv lawv yog cov tag ruaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub startup configuration yog siv. Nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj embodiment thov optimizers cov kev pab cuam dawb huv ruaj dab, tshem tawm cov khib nyiab computer cia. Tab sis qhov no yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib kev sib tham.