Lub cim ntawm tus tshiab "Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita" Nikanor Ivanovich Barefoot: duab piav qhia, characterization thiab cov duab

Cov dab neeg "Lub Master thiab Margarita", tsim Mihailom Bulgakovym, - nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas ib tug txawv txawv cov khoom. Interweaving biblical scenes nrog zoo tib yam Soviet kev muaj tiag, cov ambiguity ntawm lub cim ntawm lub cim thiab ua tau, ib qho kev nthuav kev hlub kab - uas yog tsis yog txhua txhua. Niaj hnub no peb tham txog qhov no unremarkable nyob rau hauv tsos raws li ib tug cim nyob rau hauv lub tshiab Shoeless Nikanor Ivanovich, thiab teem, txawm me ua hauj lwm ua hauj lwm raws li Bulgakov nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim ib tug siab tiav, ib kev ua hauj lwm.

Luv luv txog lub tshiab

"Xib Hwb thiab Margarita" - cov creation ntawm uas xub tuaj mus rau lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1966-1967. Nws twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub hli "Moscow". Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Bulgakov daug lawm ntev dhau los, rov qab nyob rau hauv 1928. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no thaum lub sij hawm nws creation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm hloov npe ( "ko taw engineer", "kws pab tswv yim mus rau lub ko taw" thiab lwm tus neeg.), Vim lub fact tias tus thawj tswvyim thiab lub hom phiaj twb tsis tau tau tag nrho to taub txawm mus rau lub creator. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, pib ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov khoom tau raug xeeb rau kev phiv Bulgakov - txawj sau ntawv, nws suav hais tias "neoburzhuaznym" txwv tsis pub cov xovxwm nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov uas lub cev thiab kev puas hlwb nkees yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau fruitfulness thiab nws mus kom ze rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dab tsi yog npaj. Nyob rau hauv 1932, tus tshiab pib coj zoo lawm, paub nyeem hnub no: nws nyob Margarita, tus Xib Hwb, tus tsim lub npe (nyob rau hauv 1937) thiab tus kiv cua nyiam ntsiab ntawm ntshiab, nyob mus ib txhis, mus ib txhis kev hlub, cov tsos ntawm cov uas soj ntsuam tau txuas rau kev sib Mihaila Bulgakova rau lub ES Shilovskaya. Kom txog thaum lub hnub nyoog kawg ntawm nws lub neej rau tus neeg sau nws tus kheej, yog luag tsis pom qhov no, nws yog nkag mus nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem kev kho me ntsis thiab corrections. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus txij nkawm Shilovskaya muab txhua yam los xyuas kom meej tias lub ntsiab qhov teeb meem ib tug hlub tus me nyuam; Nws kuj ua thiab cov thawj editor. Txawm li cas los, yuav hais tias ua nws yuav ua tau, cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho, tsis muaj censorship txiav thiab hloov, tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Russia xwb nyob rau hauv xyoo 1973.

zaj dabneeg

Ua ntej mus rau tham hais txog leej twg yog no Nikanor Ivanovich Barefoot, yuav tsum piav me ntsis txog cov kev kawm ntawm tus ua hauj lwm. Cov dab neeg no yog ib qho interweaving ntawm ob peb kab thiab ob khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub sij hawm: phau Vajlugkub thiab tus 30-ies ntawm XX caug xyoo. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm, yog cov txheej xwm revolving nyob ib ncig ntawm Yeshua thiab Pontius Pilate, tus thib ob - kab hlub Margarita thiab tus Xib Hwb, raws li zoo li mystical thiab satirical zaj dab neeg ntawm mischief Voland (dab ntxwg nyoog) thiab nws cov retinue ntawm Muscovites (nws nyob ntawm no hais tias yuav Nikanor Ivanovich Barefoot active kev koom tes).

Cov zajlus yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Patriarch lub Pas dej nyob rau hauv Moscow, qhov twg Woland tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm ib tug txawv teb chaws. Nws tso cia rau ib qho ntawm heroes ntawm tus tshiab, Ivan muaj tsev nyob, coj mus nyob rau hauv ib tug Neeg puag ncig ntawm lub Soviet Union, thiab nug txog cov nqe lus nug ntawm uas yus tus kheej tib neeg lub neej thiab tag nrho hauv ntiajteb no kev txiav txim, yog tias tsis yog Vajtswv. Tsis muaj tsev nyob Poet teb hais tias cov lus teb rau txhua yam tus txiv neej nws tus kheej, tab sis cov txheej xwm uas yuav nthuav tom qab tag nrho cov sij hawm yuav refute lub tswv yim sib cav voiced los ntawm Ivan. Nyob rau hauv lub heev dynamic, funny, sparkling daim ntawv creator sawv teeb meem ntawm Relativity thiab incompleteness ntawm tib neeg kev txawj ntse, predetermined chav kawm ntawm lub neej, lub hwj chim ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws, tshaj ntawd tus tswj ntawm tus txiv neej tshaj cov rog ntawm nws pathetic, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub neej, uas yuav brighten ib tug hlub los yog creativity. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ob lub sij hawm ntawm tsim sib sau ua ke nyob rau thaum kawg nyob rau hauv ib tug: tus Xib Hwb yuav tau raws li Pontius Pilate (uas yuav ua kom nws ib tug hero, tus Xib Hwb ua hauj lwm, uas yog, tus nyeem ntawv yuav tsum tau kam nrog tus tshiab nyob rau hauv lub tshiab!) Nyob rau hauv mus ib txhis, qhov uas lawv yuav tau tso ib tug untimely vaj tse, kev zam txim, txoj kev cawm seej .

Disputes critics thiab scholars

Ua ntej koj ua ntawv thov rau ib tug cim los ntawm lub npe ntawm Nikanor Ivanovich Barefoot, kuv xav kom nws kos xim rau qhov nthuav qhov tseeb hais tias rau hnub tim nyob ib ncig ntawm correlation ib hom ntawv nyeem tshiab nrog ib tug tej yam philological nqe lus tsis tu tsis tseg. Nws yog kho raws li ib tug philosophical tshiab, tshiab, tswvyim hais ua dabneeg, romance, paub tsis meej (uas yog correlated nrog tus yeebyam ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog rau biblical ntxhais). Ib txhia soj ntsuam (BV Sokolov, J. Curtis thiab al.) Qhia hais tias cov khoom Bulgakov muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov thiab yuav tsis tau accommodated nyob rau hauv lub Scope ntawm ib tug kev ib hom ntawv nyeem.

Nikanor Ivanovich Barefoot: tus yam ntxwv thiab kev khiav dej num nyob rau hauv cov zajlus

Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias peb tham txog qhov no tus cwj pwm, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg nws yog tus tswj zhiltovarischestva rau Sadovaya Street. Nikanor Ivanovich Barefoot ( "Master thiab Margarita") - cov duab, projecting tus embodiment ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm Moscow zej zog. Nws - ib tug swindler thiab ib tug crook, pom zoo rau lub tswv yim txog Koroviev (ib ntawm lub ze tshaj associates ntawm tus dab ntxwg nyoog) rau tes lawm "phem" cov tsev apartment (uas yuav kis tsis tau) touring Woland xwb vim hais tias nws, barefooted, muaj ib tug huv si sum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm bribes. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no twb ua rau ib tug yog vim li cas: lub txiaj, rau ntau dua kev ruaj ntseg thiab zoo ntsaws tseg nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev saib xyuas cua, tej yam yees siv, mysterious, mysteriously transformed rau hauv txawv teb chaws, thiab cov tub ceev xwm mus Nikanor Ivanovich los ntawm tib lub Koroviev mus denunciation.

Tsis paub ntawv grabber Nikanor Ivanovich Barefoot, uas nws cov duab mas, yuav tau theej los ntawm cov ntau yeej uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Bulgakov kev muaj tiag ntawm cov neeg raws li ib tug tshwm sim muab tso rau thawj nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub NKVD, ces mam li nco dheev pib mus saib, nws pib kom ntseeg tau tias nyob rau hauv Vajtswv thiab ntog mus rau hauv ib tug madhouse.

Nikanora Ivanovicha Bosogo npau suav tsom xam thiab tus nqi

Nyob rau hauv lub rov rau nws tus npau suav Nikanor Ivanovich yog nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam, surrounded los ntawm ib tug tibneeg ntau ntau cov lwm yam, txawv txawv txiv neej uas muaj rau tes tshaj lub txiaj. Ntshai phau ntawv hero muaj ib tug heev tiag tiag lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv lub neej: nyob rau hauv ib tes, qhov no scene twb inspired los ntawm Bulgakov zaj dab neeg txog nws tus phoojywg, tus philologist N. Lyamina. Nws ob tus poj niam, recalled hais tias ib zaug, thiab nws "tshwm sim los"; Nicholas zaum "muaj" rau ob lub lis piam. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, nws yog reflected nyob rau hauv no rov tiag tiag manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv 1929, lub sib - ntau heev arrests los ntawm cov OGPU, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov uas yog qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm kub, hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab txiaj.

Cov raug ntes tau nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam rau lub lim piam, tos kom txog thaum lawv "yeem" swb hoarding reserves. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov dej muab ib me ntsis, thiab pub ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom noj dhau qab ntsev. Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm xws li ib tug politically rhiab tshooj, thiaj li muaj tau ib tug heev tiag tiag lub hauv paus; thawj lub sij hawm nws tau sau nyob rau hauv 1933 thiab ces tseem hu ua "Lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Miracles", tom qab uas lub feem ntau teeb meem thiab objectionable rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub scene tau smoothed thiab redesigned.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tus thawj version ntawm Nikanor Ivanovich Barefoot, humorous cim, uas txawj nyeem ntawv yog tam sim no muaj txawm lub tsis tuaj yeem pity, yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau npaum li cas siab phem txaus ntshai: rau nws yuav tsis tau tsuas yog vzyatnichestvo, tab sis kuj ua denunciation thiab extortion. Raws li yuav pom, qhov chiv keeb ntawm cov "roj" zaub mov lover thiab ib tug haus dej los tsis Ljamin, lub lem ntawm txoj hmoo uas Bulgakov nws tus kheej saib nyob rau hauv awe, raws li ib tug ntawm tag nrho cov mej zeej ntawm lub "zoo lub tuam txhab" tsev nyob lub koom haum tsev tooj 50 rau Bolshaya Sadovaya Street (yuav K. Sakizchi), qhov chaw uas nws nyob Bulgakov.

Implicit ua tim khawv mus rau lwm cov hauj lwm

Duab thiab cov hauj lwm ntawm Nikanora Ivanovicha Bosogo xa cov txawj xav nyeem ntawv rau tej ntawv pov tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical ntaub ntawv raws li lub "lub Plawv ib tug aub" (Shvonder), "Cov kwv tij Karamazov" (Nuv ntses Barefoot Fagot, Koroviev thiab cov kev tshawb fawb feature ntawm Ivan Karamazov thaum lub sij hawm interrogation), "soj ntsuam General" (tus piv ntawm Gogol mus rau lub Mayor tub txawj tub ntse zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg raug txim OGPU).