Lub anode thiab cathode - dab tsi nws yog ib thiab yuav ua li cas qhia hais tias?

Hais txog qhov kev anode thiab cathode ntawm lub hwj chim mov koj yuav tsum paub cov neeg uas koom nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim electronics. Yuav ua li cas thiab yuav ua li cas yog hu li cas? Vim li cas thiaj? Yuav nyob rau hauv-tob xav ntawm lub npe los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm tsis tsuas yog pib xyaum ua xov tooj cua, tab sis kuj Science News for KIDS. Cov feem nrov piav yog raws li nram no: anode - ib tug zoo electrode, thiab cov cathode - tsis zoo. Alas, qhov no yog tsis ib txwm yeej muaj tseeb thiab tsis tag. Yuav tsum tau txhais tau cov anode thiab cov cathode, nws yog tsim nyog los muaj ib tug theoretical lub hauv paus thiab paub hais tias raws li ib tug muaj. Cia xyuas no tsab xov xwm.

anode

Xa mus rau GOST 15596-82, uas yog koom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tam sim no qhov chaw. Peb txaus siab nyob rau hauv ntaub ntawv muab tso rau hauv peb phab. Raws li GOST, qhov tsis zoo electrode ntawm lub electrochemical cell yog raws nraim lub anode. Qhov ntawd yog li ntawd, yog! Thiab vim li cas thiaj? Qhov tseeb yog hais tias los ntawm nws lub fais tam sim no los ntawm lwm Circuit Court mus rau qhov chaw nws tus kheej. Raws li koj tau pom, nws tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim li no mas thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Tej zaum nws yuav hu mus xav txog ua tib zoo hauv daim duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, Yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus no mas, nyuab heev - lawv yuav pab kom to taub li cas tus sau xav qhia rau koj.

cathode

Peb chaw nyob tag nrho rau tib lub GOST 15596-82. Qhov zoo electrode ntawm lub electrochemical cell yog tias, nyob rau paug los ntawm uas nws nyob rau hauv rau sab nraud Circuit Court. Raws li koj tau pom, cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv IEC 15596-82, saib qhov teeb meem no los ntawm ib tug txawv txoj hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev sib tham nrog lwm tus neeg hais txog tej yam lug yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev.

Cov tshwm sim ntawm cov nqe lus

Lawv nkag ntau Faraday nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1834, kom tsis txhob tsis meej pem thiab mus cuag ntau dua cov neeg. Nws muaj nws tus kheej version, thiab nco ntsoov cov piv txwv ntawm lub hnub. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj ib tug anode - yog microscopic. Tshav tsiv upwards (tam sim no nkag mus rau). Cathode - yog teem. Lub hnub mus down (tam sim no nyob rau hauv).

QAUV xov tooj cua hlab thiab diode

Peb mus txuas ntxiv kom to taub txog hais tias mus rau xa mus rau dab tsi yog siv. Piv txwv ib qho ntawm lub hwj chim peb muaj cov tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv ib qho qhib lub xeev (nyob rau hauv nyob). Yog li, los ntawm cov sab nraud Circuit Court los ntawm ib tug diode lub anode neeg yog hluav taws xob tam sim no. Tab sis tsis txhob tsis meej pem vim hais tias ntawm no tshab txhais txog ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov electron. Los ntawm lub cathode nyob rau hauv ib tug sab nraud Circuit Court ntawm lub siv hluav taws xob tam sim no lub caij tawm. Ib tug teeb meem uas tau tsim hnub no, nco tus neeg mob thaum cov neeg saib lub inverted qauv. Yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau lub complex - nco ntsoov tias kom to taub lawv nyob rau hauv no txoj kev tas heev dua lwm yam rau chemists. Thiab tam sim no cia ua qhov rov qab xam nrog. Nws kuj yuav raug muab sau tseg tias semiconductor diodes suab yuav tsis muaj cai tam sim no. Lub tsuas tau kos ntawm no - qhov rov qab neej puas ntsiab. A lub tshuab nqus tsev diode (kenotron, xov tooj cua) feem ntau yuav tsis muaj cai rov qab tam sim no. Yog li ntawd nws tau (arbitrarily) hais tias nws tsis mus los ntawm lawv. Yog li ntawd, lub formal lus xaus ntawm lub diode anode thiab cathode tsis ua lawv zog.

Yog vim li cas yog muaj kev kub ntxhov?

Tshwj xeeb, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav pab txhawb txoj kev kawm thiab ua daim ntawv thov, nws twb txiav txim siab hais tias lub npe ntsiab ntawm diode terminals yuav tsis hloov txawm koj kev twb kev txuas hom, thiab lawv yuav tsum "txuas" mus rau lub cev uas nrhiav tau. Tab sis qhov no tsis siv rau cov roj teeb. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub semiconductor diodes tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub hom conductivity ntawm tus siv lead ua. Lub tshuab nqus tsev hlab uas nug yog ua txhua yam rau ib tug electrode uas emits electrons nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub filament arrangement. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ntawm no muaj ib co nuances: piv txwv li, los ntawm tej semiconductor pab kiag li lawm, raws li ib tug suppressor thiab ib tug zener diode tej zaum yuav ib tug me ntsis rov qab tam sim no khiav, tiam sis ntawm no muaj specifics, kom meej meej tshaj lub Scope ntawm no tsab xov xwm.

Soj ntsuam nrog hluav taws xob accumulator

Qhov no yog tiag tiag ib tug classic piv txwv ntawm ib tug tshuaj qhov twg los ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, uas yog txuas ntxiv dua mus. Lub roj teeb yog ib tug ntawm ob hom kev: tus nqi / tawm. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ntawm cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau taw qhia sib txawv ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias cov polarity ntawm lub electrodes nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav tsis hloov. Thiab lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau yaam cwj pwm:

1. Thaum lub sij hawm them, qhov zoo electrode lees txais cov hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab ib tug anode, thiab nws tsis zoo thiab kev faib tawm lub hu ua cathode.
2. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm lub zog ntawm lawv kev sib tham tsis ua kev zoo siab.
3. Thaum lub sij hawm paug qhov zoo electrode tawm ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab ib tug cathode, thiab qhov tsis zoo tau txais thiab yog hu ua tus anode.

Nyob rau Electrochemistry Hais ib lo lus

Nws yuav siv ib tug me ntsis txawv txhais. Yog li, lub anode yog tau ua ib qho electrode qhov twg oxidation dab tshwm sim. Thiab nco lub tsev kawm ntawv chav kawm ntawm Science News for KIDS, koj muaj peev xwm teb dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau lwm yam sab? Lub electrode uas tus recovering dab, hu ua lub cathode. Tab sis yog tsis muaj kev siv rau tus hluav taws xob. Cia saib tus nqi ntawm cov oxidation-txo tshua rau peb:

1. Oxidation. Muaj yog ib tug txheej txheem ntawm rov qab los ntawm ib tug electron particle. Nruab nrab puv mus rau hauv ib tug zoo ion, thiab qhov tsis zoo yog neutralized.
2. Rov qab. Tus txheej txheem ntawm muab ib tug electron particle. Zoo transformed rau hauv ib nruab nrab ion, thiab ces mus rau negative ntawm iteration.
3. Lub ob dab yog interdependent (piv txwv li, tus naj npawb ntawm electrons uas muab sib npaug adjoint lawv tus xov tooj).

Faraday kuj yuav qhia tau cov npe tau tau ua tswvcuab rau lub ntsiab uas yuav coj ib feem nyob rau hauv tshuaj tshua:

1. Cations. Yog li ntawd hu ua zoo them ions uas tsiv nyob rau hauv lub ntsha tov rau qhov tsis zoo ncej (cathode).
2. Anions. Yog li ntawd lawv hu ua tsis zoo ions uas tsiv nyob rau hauv lub ntsha daws nyob rau hauv qhov zoo ncej (anode).

Yuav ua li cas tshuaj tshua tshwm sim?

Oxidation thiab yuav txo tau ib nrab-tshua muaj sib cais nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov kev hloov ntawm electrons ntawm cov cathode thiab cov anode yog nqa tawm tsis ncaj nraim, tab sis los ntawm ib tug sab nraud Circuit Court neeg xyuas pib, uas tsim ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no. Ntawm no yuav tsum tau cai interconversion tshuaj thiab hluav taws xob ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zog. Yog li ntawd, tsim ib tug sab nraud Circuit Court system ntawm lub conductors ntawm ntau hom (uas yog dab tsi lub electrodes nyob rau hauv lub ntsha), thiab nws yog tsim nyog los siv hlau. Saib seb, lub voltage ntawm lub anode thiab cathode tshwm sim raws li ib tug caveat. Thiab yog hais tias muaj tsis muaj caij uas tiv thaiv lawv ncaj qha mus rau ua qhov tsim nyog txheej txheem, cov nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tam sim no qhov chaw yuav muaj tsawg heev li. Thiab yog li ntawd, ua tsaug rau qhov tseeb hais tias tus nqi yog tsim nyog mus taug kev rau lub tswvyim, sau thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug ti teg taw.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws: Kauj ruam 1

Tam sim no cia tus txiav txim uas yog uas. Siv ib galvanic cell-Jacobi Daniel. Nyob rau hauv ib tes nws muaj lub zinc electrode, uas raus nyob rau hauv ib tug zinc sulfate tshuaj. Ces muaj ib tug ntxeem tau barrier. Thiab nyob rau hauv lwm cov tes nws muaj ib tug tooj liab electrode uas yog pov tseg nyob rau hauv ib tug tov ntawm tooj liab sulfate. Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog txhua lwm yam, tab sis cov tshuaj yam ntxwv thiab lub septum tsis muab mingle.

Kauj ruam 2: txheej txheem

Zinc oxidation tshwm sim thiab cov electrons txav los ntawm ib tug sab nraud Circuit Court tooj liab. Yog li ntawd nws hloov tawm hais tias lub electrochemical cell muaj ib tug anode, tsis zoo them, thiab cov cathode - qhov zoo. Ntxiv mus, tus txheej txheem no yuav muab qhov chaw xwb nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg lub electrons yog qhov twg "mus". Qhov tseeb yog tias tau ncaj qha los ntawm lub electrode mus rau lwm yam tiv thaiv lub hav zoov ntawm "kev rho tawm."

Kauj ruam 3: electrolysis

Cia saib tus txheej txheem ntawm electrolysis. Installation rau nws cov zaj yog ib tug txog ntsha nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog ib qho ntsha tov los yog yaj. Lub electrode tau ob rho. Lawv muaj kev cob cog rau ib tug DC fais fab qhov chaw. Lub anode nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no - yog lub electrode uas yog kev cob cog rua rau lub zoo ncej. Ntawm no yog oxidized. Ib tug zoo them electrode - lub cathode yog. Ntawm no, ib tug yuav txo tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw.

Kauj ruam 4: Thaum kawg

Yog li ntawd, thaum kev khiav hauj lwm cov tswv yim yuav tsum yeej ib txwm yuav borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tus anode yog tsis nyob rau hauv 100% ntawm cov neeg siv los txhais ib tug tsis zoo electrode. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cathode yuav intermittently poob lawv cov zoo xwb. Nws tag nrho cov nyob ntawm seb tus txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub electrode: ib tug txo los yog oxidizing.

xaus

Qhov ntawd yog tag nrho cov no yog - tsis nyuaj heev, tiam sis nws tsis tau hais tias hais tias yooj yim. Peb tau pom tias ib tug galvanic cell, lub anode thiab cathode nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub tswvyim, thiab tam sim no cov teeb meem nrog rau cov kev twb kev txuas rau lub hwj huam mov khiav hauj lwm lub sij hawm koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav. Thiab thaum kawg, koj yuav tsum tau tawm ib tug me ntsis ntau nqi rau koj cov lus qhia. Yuav muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab qhov sib txawv, uas muaj lub peev xwm ntawm cathode / lub peev xwm ntawm cov anode. Lub fact tias cov thawj yuav yeej ib txwm yog ib tug me ntsis loj. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov efficiency tsis ua hauj lwm nrog cov duab ntawm 100% thiab ib feem ntawm tus nqi yog dissipated. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm qhov no koj yuav pom tau tias cov roj teeb muaj ib tug txwv rau tus xov tooj ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm them thiab ntxub.