Linear nkoj. Lub nkoj tua rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab Imperial Navy

Battleship - ib tug sailing warship ntawm ib tsob ntoo nrog ib tug xaav ntawm mus txog 6 txhiab tons .. Lawv muaj 135 phom nyob rau hauv sab, cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ob peb kab, thiab mus txog rau 800 neeg coob cov tswv cuab. Cov hlab ntsha tau siv nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm lub hiav txwv uas siv cov thiaj li hu ua linear kev sib ntaus los tactics nyob rau hauv 17-19 centuries.

Cov tsos ntawm lub nkoj tua rog

Lub npe "linear nkoj" yog zoo dua lub npe hu txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm sailing ships. Thaum lub sij hawm lub hiav txwv sib ntaus sib tua mnogopalubniki hlua li nyob rau hauv ib tug kab yuav muab ib tug salvo phom ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Nws yog ib lub simultaneous hluav taws los ntawm tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv-board phom inflicted tseem ceeb kev puas tsuaj rau tus yeeb ncuab. Tsis ntev, qhov no tactic lub npe hu ua lub sib ntaus sib tua kab. Cov kev siv ntawm ships nyob rau hauv txoj kab thaum lub sij hawm hiav txwv battles tau thawj siv los ntawm lus Askiv thiab lus Mev fleets nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 17th caug xyoo.

Progenitors ntawm lub nkoj tua rog yog galleons nrog hnyav riam phom, Carrack. Tus thawj mention ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 17th caug xyoo. Cov qauv lub nkoj tua rog twb npaum li cas sib zog thiab luv luv galleons. Cov qualities tso cai rau lawv mus maneuver sai sai, uas yog kab alongside tus yeeb ncuab. Nws yog tsim nyog los tsim xws li ib tug txoj kev uas lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub tom ntej no lub nkoj twb tas raws kev coj kom pub lub yav dhau los yog ib tug. Yog vim li cas twb tsis ntshai muab tso rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib cov ships nyob rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab nres? Vim hais tias cov multilayer ntoo sab twb txhim khu kev qha kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nkoj tsuab.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm ua lub nkoj tua rog

Tsis ntev los tshwm mnogopalubny battleship sailing, uas yog ntau tshaj li 250 xyoo, tau ua ib tug loj ntawm txoj kev waging rog hiav txwv. Progress tsis sawv tseem, ua tsaug rau txoj kev tshiab ntawm xam ntawm vaj tse tau ua tau mus txiav rab phom ports nyob rau hauv ib co voj voog thaum pib ntawm kev tsim kho. Yog li, nws twb tau mus xam lub dag lub zog ntawm lub nkoj ua ntej nws yog launched. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-xyoo pua 17th, muaj yog ib tug meej qho uas txawv ntawm cov hoob:

1. Cov laus muab ob npaug rau-decker. Nws ships uas nws decks nyob ib saum toj no rau lwm yam. Lawv yog ua los rau 50 phom, tua ntawm tus yeeb ncuab los ntawm ib lub qhov rais nyob rau hauv lub sab ntawm lub nkoj. Cov khoom siv tes ua twb tsis muaj zog txaus kom muaj txoj kab ntawm sib ntaus sib tua, thiab yog tsuas yog siv raws li ib tug convoy escort.
2. Muab ob npaug rau lawj ships linear nrog tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom 64 rau 90 sawv cev rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub fleet.
3. Peb- los yog plaub-ships nrog 98-144 kev sib ntaus los phom, ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm champions. Fleet uas muaj 10-25 xws ships yuav tswj lag luam kab nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov tub rog txiav txim los thaiv lawv rau tus yeeb ncuab.

Sib txawv los ntawm lwm yam lub nkoj tua rog

Sailing khoom los ntawm frigates thiab lub nkoj tua rog ntawm lub tib yam - peb-mast. Nyob rau txhua tas tuaj square sails. Tiam sis frigate thiab lub nkoj kab muaj tej yam sib txawv. Cov yav tas los muaj tsuas yog ib kaw roj teeb, ib tug linear ntau tsheb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov xov tooj ntawm cov phom nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no yog ntau npaum li cas raws li qhov no kuj siv tau rau lub qhov siab ntawm lub hlaws. Tab sis frigates ntau maneuverable thiab tau khiav lag luam txawm nyob rau hauv dej ntiav ntiav.

Los ntawm galleon nkoj sails txoj kab ncaj nraim yog sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub caij nyoog kawg no twb tsis muaj lub pej thuam nyob rau hauv lub siab tawv thiab nyob rau tus hneev latrine. Battleship galleon thiab superior nyob rau hauv ceev thiab maneuverability, kuj nyob rau hauv ib tug artillery sib ntaus sib tua. Cov yav tas yog ntau suited rau nce kev sib ntaus los. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yog feem ntau siv los mus thauj troops thiab cov khoom siv.

Cov tsos ntawm lub nkoj tua rog nyob rau hauv Russia

Ua ntej lub reign ntawm Peter kuv tsis muaj xws li lug nyob rau hauv Russia. Tus thawj Lavxias teb sab nkoj kab xa mus rau raws li "Goto predestination". Los ntawm twenties ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Imperial Navy yog muaj 36 xws hlab ntsha. Nyob rau hauv lub pib nws yog ib tug ua tiav daim ntawv Western qauv, tab sis los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub reign ntawm Peter kuv, linear Lavxias teb sab ships pib muaj nws tus kheej yus nta. Lawv ntau luv, muaj tsawg shrinkage, uas adversely muaj feem xyuam rau cov seaworthiness. Cov ships yog heev zoo suited rau cov tej yam kev mob ntawm lub hiav txwv ntawm Azov, thiab ces tus Baltic hiav txwv. Ncaj qha kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim thiab kev siv ntawm cov huab tais nws tus kheej coj. Nws lub npe - tus Lavxias teb sab Imperial Navy coj qhws ib tug rog nrog Russia Lub kaum hli ntuj 22, 1721 nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 16, 1917. Naval tub ceev xwm yuav tsuas pab rau tib neeg los ntawm nobles thiab seamen nyob rau hauv ships - recruits los ntawm cov neeg. Cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov rog rau lawv yog neej.

Battleship "Kaum Ob tug Thwj Tim"

"12 Thwj Tim" twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1838 thiab launched nyob rau hauv 1841 nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Mykolayiv. Nws yog ib lub nkoj nrog 120 cannons on board. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj 3 Lavxias teb sab rog txog ntsha ntawm no hom. Cov ships tau txawv tsis tau tsuas yog rau nws elegance thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm daim ntawv no, lawv twb tsis muaj sib npaug zos nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov Sailboats. Battleship "12 Thwj Tim" yog tus thawj ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Imperial Navy, uas muaj ib tug tshiab paixhans phom riam phom.

lub nkoj txoj hmoo yog xws li hais tias nws yog tsis mus koom nyob rau hauv tej sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv Fleet. Nws lub cev tseem nyob lawm thiab tseem tsis tau tau txais tej qhov. Tab sis qhov no nkoj los ua ib tug qauv kev kawm center, nws kom tus tiv thaiv ntawm Lavxias teb sab forts thiab fortresses nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob Caucasus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub nkoj yog koom nyob rau hauv kev thauj mus los ntawm pab tub rog thiab daim av mus rau hauv lub ntev voyage rau 3-4 lub hlis. Tom qab, cov hlab tau flooded.

Yog vim li cas rau lub nkoj tua rog poob lawv tseem ceeb

Txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov ntoo ships ntawm txoj kab raws li lub ntsiab quab yuam ntawm lub hiav txwv shaken vim hais tias ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm artillery. Heavy kev tso hoob pob phom yooj yim penetrated ntoo board bombs cov khoom ua si nrog xoob hmoov, li no yuav ua tau rau mob loj kev puas tsuaj rau lub tsheb thiab ua rau hluav taws kub. Yog hais tias ua ntej lub artillery tsis sawv cev rau ib tug zoo kev hem thawj rau ships 'hulls, lub bombing phom yuav pib thaum lub hauv qab ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub nkoj tua rog xwb ib ob peb kaum os cov hits. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, muaj ib tug lo lus nug txog cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov lug ua los ntawm cov hlau tej cuab yeej.

Nyob rau hauv 1848, nws invented lub ntsia hlau kiv cua thiab kuj haib zog xyaw, li ntawd, ntoo Sailboats maj mam pib mus rau tawm hauv theem. Ib txhia ships tau refitted thiab nruab nrog chav chav nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob peb loj ships nrog sails raug tso tawm, lawv tus cwj pwm hu ua linear.

Lub nkoj tua rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab Imperial Navy

Nyob rau hauv 1907, ib tug tshiab hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov hlab ntsha, nyob rau hauv Russia lawv yog hu ua linear, los yog nyob rau hauv abbreviated daim ntawv - lub nkoj tua rog. Qhov no armored artillery warships. Lawv xaav yog 20 mus rau 65 txhiab. Tonnes. Yog hais tias peb los sib piv cov linear ships 18th xyoo pua thiab lub nkoj tua rog, lub tom kawg muaj ib tug ntev ntawm los ntawm 150 mus 250 m. Nyob rau caj npab muaj caliber riam phom los ntawm 280 mus 460 hli. Cov neeg coob ntawm tus battleship - los ntawm 1500 mus 2800 tus neeg. Lawv siv lub nkoj ua kom puas rau tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov tub rog rog thiab artillery them nyiaj yug rau hauv av ua hauj lwm. Nws lub npe tau muab rau cov ships tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov shipping kab, raws li rau yog vim li cas uas lawv tau muaj rau revive lub kab sib ntaus sib tua tactics.