Leukemia - Yog Dab Tsi? Hauj lwm ntawm tus kab mob, ua rau, mob, raug

Oncology, cancer - cov lus ua rau tsis kaj siab, bordering lub Association ntshai nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm peb. Thaum kab mob qog hlav befall nyob rau hauv tej khoom hauv nrog cev, nws yog muab tshem tawm. Thiab yuav ua li cas nrog cov ntshav mob cancer, uas lossi mus thoob plaws hauv lub cev thiab yog xyuas txhua hloov khoom nruab nrog dozens ntawm lub sij hawm ib hnub twg. Muaj coob tus neeg ntseeg tias tus kab mob no yog 100% tuag, thiab, lub caij no, nws yuav kho tau zoo ib yam li Oncology. Nws yog lub npe - leukemia los yog leukemia. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Yuav ua li cas yam ua rau nws? Puas muaj tej yam uas yuav kho tau nws? Seb yog pub los ntawm cov kab mob cancer ntshav? Yog vim li cas yuav tsum tau lawv raug kev txom nyem me ntsis cov me nyuam? Wb sim teb tag nrho cov lus nug.

factories ntshav

Piav dab tsi yog leukemia, yog tsis tau, tsis txhob muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntshav. Nws nkawd ib tug homogeneous kua, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb muaj ntau txhiab tus me hlwb - ntshav liab, qe ua ntshav khov thiab qe ntshav dawb. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub allotted lub sij hawm ntawm lawv lub hnub nyoog thiab tuag. Muab cov neeg tuag tam sim ntawd coj sawv daws yuav tshiab. Lawv ua li no-hu ua "Hoobkas" ntawm cov ntshav, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub thymus, tus po, cov qog ntshav hauv, pob txha, tubular thiab ntsag, pob txha. Tog twg los rau ua qhov kawg khoom yuav tsum feedstock. Nyob rau hematopoietic 'factories' raw cov ntaub ntawv yog qia hlwb. Raws li tsim nyog, lawv muaj hloov (txawv), xa mus rau hauv cov yam ntshav hais. Qhov no yog hu ua cell maturation. Ib txhia system qab nws yog ua tib zoo saib xyuas. Zaum ua li no hematopoietic "xws" paub me ntsis, peb tsuas paub hais tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm ripening qia hlwb yauv ntau metamorphosis, maj mam tig mus rau myelocytes, normocytes, prolymphocytes lwm kom txog thaum lawv mus txog qhov kawg theem, nyob rau hauv uas cov kev hloov tuaj mus rau qhov kawg. Piv txwv li, lymphocyte theem kis lymphoblasts thiab prolymphocytes thiab erythrocyte theem eritrotsitoblasta, pronormotsita, normocytes thiab reticulocyte. Thaum ib tug malfunction tshwm sim rau no nyuab "conveyor" pib loj sib qhia tsis paub qab hau hlwb los ntawm lub intermediate theem, lub Circuit Court terminates ntxiv transformations. Piv txwv li, nws tsis tau mus txog rau lymphocytes, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv lub lymphoblasts. Nws puv tawm ib qho kev overabundance tsis tseem ceeb puas hlwb uas noog npaum li ntawd hais tias lawv crowd tawm ntshav-sib sau ua kab mob. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug kab mob cancer ntshav. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Qhov no yog ib tug phem kab mob ntawm cov hematopoietic system.

Cov mob daim ntawv

Leukemias yog txwv kom muab zais raws li ntau yam qauv. Los ntawm neoplastic xwm ntawm dab paim lawv mob thiab ntev cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no cov ntsiab lus yog arbitrary thiab tsis sib haum mus rau tus txheej txheem. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm leukemia tsis nyob ntawm seb lub caij ntawm tus kab mob thiab yuav tsis kis tau rau hauv ib leeg, tab sis txhua txhia tus muaj ib theem ntawm txoj kev zam txim thiab relapse. Nyaum feature ntawm leukemia yog ceev tsheb thauj mus los mutants ntshav nyob rau hauv tej khoom hauv nrog cev, ua rau lawv pib mob cancer.

Cia peb xav txog mob leukemia. Yuav ua li cas yog nws thiab yog vim li cas nws yog hu ua? Qhov no hom ntawm tus kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm change twb tsim, npaj txhij rau kev ua hauj lwm cov ntshav (erythrocytes, leukocytes, thiab platelets). Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws manifests nws tus kheej ntawm cov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 50 xyoo thiab laus dua. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kab mob leukemia:

• myelocytic;
• neutrophilic;
• mieloskleroz;
• basophilic;
• myelomonocytic;
• monocyte;
• erythromyelosis;
• lymphocytic leukemia;
• ntxhuav cell leukemia;
• lymphomatosis;
• gistotsitoz;
• iretrimiya;
• thrombocythemia.

Txhua yam ntawm lawv nws muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv cov tsos mob. Piv txwv li, thaum myelocytic leukemia tsuas qhia ntawm tus kab mob pib yog tsis muaj zog, tawm hws, nkees. Tus po yog tsis tsam, cov ntshav yog dab tsi. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb uas tej zaum ceeb toom - ib tug muaj zog naj npawb ntawm cov qe nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, txawm hais tias nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kab dab.

Cov hom nta ntawm hnyav mob leukemia yog:

• tsis muaj zog;
• tawm fws;
• splenomegaly;
• o cov qog ntshav hauv;
• ua pob ua xyua ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qog ua kua week;
• necrotic kev ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab kabmob;
• ib tug exacerbation ntawm lub moj tej tawg ntsoog nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab cov pob txha hlwb;
• kab mob;
• ua pes tsawg tus leukocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav;
• infiltration ntawm leukocytes nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha;
• tsis tiv thaiv.

mob lymphocytic leukemia

Tus kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm change nyob rau hauv lub mature lymphocytes, thiab 90-98% ntawm lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg "B". Ntawm no paub qhov txawv benign thiab phem theem. Cov yav tas sai heev puv rau hauv lymphosarcoma. Pib ntawm tus kab mob yog yuav luag indefinable, vim hais tias tus neeg mob tsis txhob xav tias tej yam txawv txawv tsos mob, thiab tag nrho cov kev kuaj ntshav qhia li ib txwm, xws li cov ntshav dawb cell suav. Thaum lub sij hawm, cov neeg muaj mob txiv neej pib mus log sai sai, muaj tawm hws, thiab cov qog ntshav thiab po yog muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv ntev lymphocytic leukemia yog ib qho kev ywj daim ntawv no, hu ua plaub cell leukemia, ib tug yam ntxwv villous outgrowths ntawm lub cytoplasm, thiab nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov phosphatase thiab yog resistant rau acids tartarikovym. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no uas muaj zog cov qog ntshav hauv yog tsis tau, thiab tus po. Nws ob feature - cytopenia, piv txwv li ib tug yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm ib tug los yog tag nrho ib zaug tsim ntsiab. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug rau theem ntawm mob ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lymphocytic leukemias nyuaj txawm tias thaum ua tau zoo kuaj ntshav, vim hais tias cov kev tshwm sim zoo sib xws rau tej kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd tabkaum kom kuaj mob ntawm lub qog, uas muaj peev xwm tsis yuav txuam nrog leukemia. Cov neeg mob ua ntej cov tshuaj tua kab kev kho mob thiab ces qhia kom meej rau tus mob txoj kev histological thiab cytological kev tshawb fawb ua roentgen (leukemia ntsws tsim infiltrates ntawm lymphocytes nce thoracic cov qog ntshav hauv).

Cov mob hauv daim ntawv ntawm leukemia

Nyob rau hauv thaum yau thiab thaum tiav hluas yog ntau mob leukemia. Yuav ua li cas yog nws thiab yuav ua li cas yog nws txaus ntshai? Qhov no hom ntawm tus kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm change nyob rau hauv lub tsis paub qab hau cov ntshav, cov thawj (moj tej tawg) lub xeev. Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi ntaub ntawv ntawm cov thawj hlwb mutated, lub nram qab no ntawm mob leukemias:

• monoblastny;
• myelogenous;
• eritromieloblastny;
• myeloblastic;
• mob lymphoblastic leukemia;
• undifferentiated.

Raws li nyob rau hauv mob leukemia nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yog ib tug kev hloov ntawm mineral hais rau cov ua hauj lwm tsis paub qab hau cov ntshav maj loses nws npaj muaj nuj nqi, uas yog, tus mov hauv nruab nrog cev ntawm cov pa thiab as-ham. Tsis tas li ntawd ho txo los yog ua poob lawm ua hauj lwm leukocytes los ntawm tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv txawv teb chaws microorganisms.

Cov tsos mob ntawm mob leukemia

Tag nrho cov hom ntawm tus kab mob muaj ib tug thawj kauj ruam (coj), kev so ib pliag thiab relapse. Nws yuav tau menyuam hais tias nws yog tau ob hom thiab pheej rov qab relapse ntawm mob leukemia. Tag nrho cov somptomatika kab mob no yog raws li nram no:

• mob loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha;
• muaj ntshav liab txaus;
• general tsis muaj zog nrog ua tsis taus pa thiab kiv taub hau;
• mucosal los ntshav thiab ulceration (nquag stomatitis, tonsillitis, ulceration nyob rau hauv cov hlab pas thiab hnyuv);
• ua pob ua xyua ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
• kom nyob rau hauv daim siab, tus po, cov qog ntshav hauv;
• mob ntsws muaj dej;
• mob nyob rau hauv cov pob txha thaum lawv yog effleurage (ua growths nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag hlwb);
• sepsis thiab lwm yam kab mob.

Kev so ib pliag tshwm sim thaum cov ntshav yog tsis kuaj tsis paub qab hau hlwb nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha ntawm tsawg tshaj li 5%, thiab cov loj hlob ntawm leukemic hlwb pob txha yog tsis muaj.

Cov feem ntau txaus ntshai thiab tus nais khu cov me nyuam yaus nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog pab pawg neeg 1-6 xyoo nrog mob lymphoblastic leukemia. Feem ntau cov feem ntau lawv mob cov tub hluas.

Txij li thaum lub lymphocytes yog nyob rau hauv lub daim ntawv "B" (lub luag hauj lwm rau antibody ntau lawm) thiab "T" (combats txawv teb chaws hais), lymphoblastic leukemia yog subdivided rau hauv ob peb hom, txhua tus uas mutate tej yam ntaub ntawv ntawm leukocytes. Nyob rau hauv feem pua cov ntsiab lus uas, cov hlau lead "nyob rau hauv" cov ntaub ntawv, uas qhia 85%. Lub ncov cov xwm txheej tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam los ntawm 3 xyoo, txij li thaum thaum muaj hnub nyoog hauv lub cev koom ua "B" -leykotsity. "T" -form yuav siv sij hawm hauv cov hlau lead hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas 14-15 xyoo, thaum lub thymus nce mus txog nws tshaj plaws loj. Nyob rau hauv kev zam txim rau leukemia nyob rau hauv no hom yuav tsum tau yuav ib txwm hlwb txha nqaj qaum kua. Zoo xam tau tias yog tus me nyuam uas nws muaj kev zam txim tsuas kav 5 xyoo los yog ntau tshaj. Tus ciaj sia taus tus nqi ntawm cov me nyuam nrog raws sij hawm thiab zoo kev kho mob ntawm mob leukemia yog 80-85%.

Ua thiab kuaj

Leukemia rau cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam ua teeb nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov chromosomes uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm roj ntsha tsis xws luag los yog lwm influences. Cov muaj xws li:

• irradiation (tawg);
• carcinogens (cov tshuaj, cov khoom noj, tshuaj);
• nicotine;
• cov kws khomob ntawm hlav.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm tus kab mob etiology ntawm leukemia yog tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj.

Cov roj ntsha yam lawm ib tug tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv lub leukemia kab mob nyob rau hauv tus Down syndrome, Bloom, Turner.

Mob ntawm leukemia muaj xws li:

• lwm soj ntsuam (probing ntshav, paub mucosal hloov);
• Kuaj ntshav ntawm lub ntau pes tsawg leeg ntshav liab, qe ntshav dawb lymphocyte, ntshav liab, qe ua ntshav khov;
• hloov hlwb pob txha me;
• (PCR yuav ntes tus Philadelphia chromosome, Yog hais tias tam sim no);
• NTSES tsom xam (qhia tau hais tias kev hloov nyob rau hauv chromosomes);
• IPT (txhais hlwb siv npiv zas thiab antigens).

kev kho mob

Cov neeg mob uas leukemia yuav tsum mus kawm rau ib chav kawm ntawm cov kws khomob (tshuaj, tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj). Qhov no kev kho mob yuav ua rau nws tau mus tua tag nrho cov mutated hlwb. Kws khomob feem ntau yog tsis tsawg tshaj li ob - cov thawj, kauj ruam ntawm lub mob hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no, thiab ib tug prophylactic, nyob rau hauv txoj kev zam txim. Tom qab tus thawj theem ntawm kev kho mob thiab thaum xeeb 100% ntawm cov kev tshwm sim yog ua kev sib hloov ntawm pob txha hlwb. Yog hais tias tom qab tag nrho cov no ua hauj lwm los ib tug relapse, nws cov ntsiab lus mus rau lub ineffectiveness ntawm thov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, hloov cov kev kho mob regimen. Relapse ntawm leukemia yeej ib txwm thiaj li ciaj sia taus tus nqi. Cov kws kho mob tau pom ib tug xov tooj ntawm hom ntawm tus kab mob rov qab los:

1. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm

• superearly (ciaj sia taus tus nqi ntawm 10%);
• thaum ntxov;
• lig (kev vam meej yog tiav nyob rau hauv 38% ntawm cov neeg).

2. chaw

• sab nraum lub hlwb pob txha;
• hloov hlwb pob txha (cov feem ntau txaus ntshai);
• ua ke.

Heev loj thiab, nyob rau hauv feem ntau unpredictable kab mob ntawm leukemia. Yuav ua li cas txaus ntshai nws yog, tshwj tsis yog rau kev ua txhaum ntawm lub zog ntawm cov ntshav? Firstly, qhov tseeb hais tias cov kev mob hlwb kis tau yooj yim thiab sai sai thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Secondly, ib tug loj heev mob tus kab mob no, nyob rau hauv uas lub mutant hlwb yuav txeem mus rau hauv lub hlwb week. Peb, cov kev phiv los ntawm cov kev kho mob ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm leukemia.

Leukemia ntawm nyuj (nyuj)

Tag nrho cov tsiaj txhu, kom txog thaum lub reptiles, dhau lawm, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm leukemia, cov thib ob lub npe yog Hematological malignancies. Nws twb piav raws li thaum ntxov raws li 1858. Thaum xub thawj nws txawm xav hais tias tus kab mob no yog tsis txaus ntshai rau tib neeg. Tam sim no, ua tsaug rau kev tshawb fawb tshiab, nws yog muaj pov thawj hais tias rau cov neeg leukemia tsiaj ntawd ib tug tseem ceeb kev hem thawj. Rau hnub tim, tus kab mob no yog haum zoo to taub, tab sis cov kev kho mob tseem tsis tau tsim. Zoo li tib neeg, leukemia nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj manifested nyob rau hauv ntoo mob (loj hlob) ntawm hematopoietic cov ntaub so ntswg hlwb nrog emission nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tsis paub qab hau cov ntshav lymphoblasts thiab myeloblasts. Ua cov change Bovine leukaemic tus kab mob no. Ib tug tej yam zoo yog nws tsis khov rau high kub thiab tshuaj. Yog li, nws tuag nyob rau hauv cov nqaij ib feeb ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 60 ° C, thiab nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 75 ° C rau 20 vib nas this lawm. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los mus tshem tawm tus kab mob no cov ntsiab ntawm formaldehyde, tshuaj chlorine ua, sodium hydroxide. Tab sis nyob rau hauv nyob tsiaj yog tsis tau mus txov nws. Lub fact tias nws muaj feem xyuam rau cov lymphocytes. Txhua yam ntawm txoj kev kho aimed ntawm kev rhuav tseg cov leukemia kab mob no, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txav lub qe ntshav dawb thiab tsis muaj uas tus tsiaj tuag.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no

Nyuj leukemia cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim mus txog 6 xyoo. Tag nrho lub sij hawm no, tus tsiaj yog ib tug kab mob uas yuav kis tau rau lwm yam tsiaj thiab tib neeg, raws li tau zoo raws li ua si ib tug mob cov me nyuam, li no kis tus kab mob tus kab mob no nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj txhu teb. Faib 4 theem ntawm tus kab mob:

• podleykoznaya;
• thawj zaug;
• deployed;
• davhlau ya nyob twg.

Nyob rau hauv thawj theem niaj hnub kuaj ntshav qhia li ib txwm. tsuas ib qho ntshav kuaj yuav ntes tus kab mob no (serological kev ntsuam xyuas, kev ntsuam xyuas virologic). Lub xeev teb siv lawv npaj thiab nyob rau hauv particular tus neeg feem ntau yog unaware uas nws tus hlub Burenka terminally mob.

Qhov thib ob theem yog yus muaj los ntawm ib qho kev nce rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm leukocytes thiab lymphocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, thiab muaj ib tug loj feem pua ntawm lawv tsis paub qab hau cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los, tus neeg sab nraud cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog tseem muaj.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub thib peb theem ntawm leukemia nyuj pib qhia cov kev soj ntsuam cov tsos mob. Cov muaj xws li:

• tsiaj qaug zog;
• general deterioration, havzoov;
• yields txo;
• teeb meem nrog cov hnyuv (raws plab los yog cem quav, teeb meem zom);
• daj txheej week;
• lub deterioration ntawm lub siab los;
• Heev heev edema (nyob rau hauv lub mis nyuj dewlap, lub plab);
• pripadanie rau hind ob txhais ceg;
• exophthalmia;
• o cov qog ntshav hauv (tej zaum lawv mus txog qhov luaj li cas ntawm tus me nyuam lub taub hau).

Cov theem kawg tsis kav ntev. Tag nrho cov kev soj ntsuam cov tsos mob nyob rau tib lub sij hawm qhia vividly nyob rau hauv cov ntshav pom ib tug feem pua ntawm mutated ntshav dawb nrog ib tug ib txwm mus rau lawv tag nrho ntau yuav txo tau. Cov tsiaj loses nws muaj peev xwm mus tua tus kab mob no thiab hnub.

Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais ceev dhau tag nrho cov theem thiab cov neeg laus tsiaj tej zaum tuag instantly los ntawm ib tug ruptured po. Nws yuav tshwm sim ua ntej qhov pib ntawm cov tsos mob.

kev tiv thaiv

Raws li leukemia kev kho mob ntawm cov tsiaj tsis tau yuav, tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam tus kab mob yog kev tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nws yog rau kev raws sij hawm ntsuam. Nyob rau hauv loj liaj teb lawv ua txhua txhua xyoo 1 lub sij hawm rau tag nrho cov tsiaj, thiab 2 lub sij hawm rau bulls. Yog hais tias lub herd yog kuaj rau ntau tshaj 2 tus kab mob no muaj, cov ua liaj ua teb yog xav tau disadvantaged. Kho cov teeb meem no yog ua nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev - culling ntawm tus kab mob no cov tsiaj thiab cov kev hloov ntawm lub tag nrho cov pejxeem. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tas Tsau tshuaj rau cov barns.

Nws tseem ceeb heev tiv thaiv ntawm lub Asmeslikas ntawm calves rau tus uas twb muaj tsiaj txhu. Tag nrho mas cov tsiaj yuav tsum-saib oncornavirus.

Puas muaj ib tug kab mob cancer ntshav mis nyuj thiab nqaij los ntawm tus kab mob no cov tsiaj? Tu siab, muaj. Mis los ntawm nyuj txom nyem los ntawm leukemia, yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub haus dej haus tshiab. Qhov no mis nyuj yuav tsum tau xa mus rau lub dairies, qhov twg nws yog raug rau long-term listeriosis. Nyob rau hauv ib tug domestic puag ncig nws yuav haus dej haus tom qab ib tug ntev (tsis tsawg tshaj li 5 feeb) ib kub npau npau. Muaj ntau cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom siv cov mis nyuj xwb rau tsiaj pub.

Nqaij, yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj yeej leukemia nqaij kuj yuav noj tom qab ib tug faj thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob. Yog hais tias peb muaj ib lub hom phiaj los yog tuag tsiaj lub cev xav tsis thoob vim thiab skeletal leeg, nws cev yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg.