Lavxias teb sab ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj. Kizhi: monuments ntawm cov ntoo architecture Russia

Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov kev siv ntawm cov ntoo tau ntev lawm ib tug teeb meem ntawm qhov dog dig, thiab nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg lub ntiaj teb no pib dominion hav zoov, ancient architects tau tiav yog hais tiag zoo kawg heights nyob rau hauv no kev txawj. Muaj dim heev heev pov thawj ntawm lawv zoo kawg li ua tej txuj ci: zoo nkauj, harmonious qauv, elaborately carved paub meej, zoo xov - thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ua hauj lwm mas carpenters taus, nws tsis yog yuav los tsim exquisite lace, uas feem ntau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ancient ntoo vaj tse.

Puam ntoo vaj tse

Yuav kom dim tsis yog txhua txhua cov piv txwv ntawm medieval architecture. Ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntoo churches tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug tua hluav taws - qhov hluav taws kub devouring tag nrho lub zos, sparing tsis muaj dab tsi. Ancient keeb kwm hais txog cov neeg ua los yog kev puas tsuaj grandiose vaj tse yos rov qab mus rau qhov kuv pua AD. Tom qab saib cov ntaub ntawv, peb kawm tau hais tias nyob rau hauv 1183 hlawv yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm Vladimir (thiab nrog rau 32 pawg ntseeg). Nyob rau hauv 1369th tib txoj hmoo befell Pskov, nyob rau hauv 1636-m - Monastery ntawm thawj tubtxib saum ntuj.

Txawm li cas los, lub scourge los ntawm tus ntoo lug tsis yog tsuas yog lub caij ntawm ntoo, nrog rau tag nrho nws zoo - ib tug luv luv-lived khoom. Alarm yuav sawv txog ib puas xyoo, cov cult (nrog tu) - 3-4.

fading cuab yeej cuab tam

Muaj tsuas yog peb cov vaj tse uas tau ua ntau nyob rau hauv XIII-XIV xyoo pua (thiab txawm ces tsis yog txhua txhua soj ntsuam yeej tso siab tau). Yog li, lub sij hawm kom txog thaum lub XVI xyoo pua, hnub rov qab mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Kev Sawv Rov Los Laxalau - ib tug me me, ua lub ancient ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Murom monastery. Kizhi Reserve odoimennom rau cov kob, nyob rau hauv 1960 nws tau los ua tus kawg qhov chaw nkaum. Ua tib zoo rov qab los nyob rau hauv peb tes num ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Opolovnikova, nws yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej sector eksopozitsii Lavxias teb sab Zaonezhye.

Ob tug lwm Riznolozhenskaya thiab George, feem yeej txaus siab Cyril Belozero convent thiab Leningrad cheeb tsam.

Feem coob ntawm cov extant monuments ntawm cov ntoo architecture ua tsis muaj ua ntej lawm XVIII xyoo pua, yam tsawg kawg - XVI- XVII.

Thaum lub scientific ntiaj teb no twb xav nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm architecture, muaj ntau yam ntawm nws kuaj tau tsis yuam kev. Afterthought, tus neeg tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias nws yog tsim nyog ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov mus txhim kho dab tsi yuav. "Thaum lub sij hawm nws yog tsuas tsim nyog los caij, thaij duab, kos duab ... cov ploj txhua txhua xyoo yam yog unparalleled," - sau nyob rau hauv lub 20-ies ntawm tus naas ej daim duab critic, artist thiab hais, academician I. Grabar. Thiab peb tau mus thiab yees duab, saib thiab ua cov me nyuam no kom funneling cia dig muag qhov muag zoo nkauj, thiab ib yam dab tsi tau txais kev cawmdim, tab sis ib yam dab tsi - los tej uas tseg cia cov ntaub ntawv.

Thaum lub sij hawm, haiv neeg thiab lub xeev pom tau hais yuav ua li cas muaj nuj nqi heev architectural monument yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj. Kizhi (ib tug ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub pas dej Onega) yog pov thawj ntawm no paub, muab rau hauv ib qho qhib-cua tsev cia puav pheej-cia. Niaj hnub no nws qhia tau hais tias rau nws cov neeg tuaj saib lub amazing xav tsim los ntawm masters ntawm yav dhau los.

Northern kev zoo nkauj

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo ntoo vaj tse sab qaum teb ntawm Russia - no lub architects tsom xws amazing txuj ci, tswv yim thiab kev txiav txim zoo ntawm kev zoo nkauj uas cov neeg mus xwb xav tsis thoob. Heev feem ntau thiab enthusiastically tham txog Kizhi, uas yog pib ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua tau ua thiaj li nto moo hais tias txawm lub Emperor Nicholas II yuav muaj ib daim duab nrog nws daim duab ( "lub deb sab qaum teb", cov artist - Shlutleyt).

Txoj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov chaw inhospitable. Lub caij ntuj sov yog luv luv, lub caij ntuj no yog frosty. Nyob rau hauv lub txias rau lub caij, tsuas yog los ntawm qhov siab, yuav tsis tau mus txog: Kizhi - cov kob ntawm siab tawv, tab sis tshwj tsis yog tias nws? Nyob ze tej daim ntawm sushi qhia Attendance ntse cim: impenetrable thickets, sib sib zog nqus dej ntws. Dua li no, cov neeg tsawm nyob ntawm no ib lub sij hawm ntev, ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los. Tus heev lub npe ntawm cov kob los ntawm cov Karelian "kizhat" (nyob rau hauv txhais lus - "merrymaking"). Soj ntsuam txuas qhov chaw no nrog lub ancient pagan festivals uas coj qhov chaw ntawm no nyob rau hauv bygone lub sij hawm.

cia

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 60-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nyob Kizhi Island (Karelia) pib los mam Reserve, uas qhib nyob rau hauv 1966. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd cov ntoo churches ntawm Kizhi kob pib multiply: SVEZA no ntau fwm ntoo vaj tse los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm Karelia.

Cov nyob ze lub zos - Petrozavodsk (68 km), tab sis koj yuav tau mus thiab los ntawm St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv ib tug xis niaj hnub nkoj (raws li Kizhi - cov kob, koj yuav tau mus txog nws tsuas yog los ntawm dej).

Qhov yooj yooj yim marina zoo siab txais tos cov neeg uas xav mus koom nrog cov zoo nkauj. Nws muaj ib tug zoo saib: ua ntej koj mus ncig tebchaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov hwjchim ci ntsa iab tshwm Hloov Hlo lub tsev teev ntuj - tej zaum cov feem ntau nto moo ntawm ntau cov dluab nyob ib ncig ntawm no ib tug ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj. Kizhi tau hais khov kho yog nyob rau nws cov shores kuj tiv thaiv txoj kev kaj lug ntuj lub tsev uas fascinates neeg mus ncig nws cov cim kev zoo nkauj.

Legends thiab lub neej txhua hnub ntawm cov kob

Raws li ib tug dab neeg, ib tug ci ntsa iab kws ntoo npe hu Nestor txiav down nws ib tug taus, uas tom qab kev tsim kho tau ces muab pov tseg deb mus rau hauv lub pas dej, yog li ntawd tsis muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm rov hais dua nws ua hauj lwm. Tsis muaj txoj kev, qhov no ntsuas khawv koob - ntoo qauv yog zoo kuj ceeb tias.

Koj ua hauj lwm ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab architecture, lub Koom Txoos ntawm txoj kev Hloov Hlo nyob rau hauv Kizhi twb ua nyob rau hauv 1714. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib tug zoo kawg li ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab belongs rau nqi monuments tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, UNESCO pom tau hais tias lub architectural khaub ncaws ntau ntawm Kizhi ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam.

Reconstruction ntawm vaj tse yog nqa tawm tsis tu ncua. Txij li thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj muaj zoo tsis muaj (tej yam nws ntsis cia cia xwb los ntawm ib tug kaum ntawm lub tsev), nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev kho kev ua hauj lwm nws cia li ntau li ntau tau maj mam tsa nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm niaj hnub siv tshuab.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov kob

Tsev zoo grand 37-meter siab Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Kev Hloov Hlo nyob rau hauv Kizhi siab thiab tau hais khov kho seb puas tsimnyog tau nws dome, uas, gleaming nyiaj, tshaj climb mus saum ntuj ceeb tsheej. Nyob rau hauv lub puas tawm xyoo dhau los, lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog hlau, tab sis tom qab restorers rov qab thawj tsos ntawm lub tuam tsev. Plowshares (ntoo daim hlau, ntoo dome uas tshuav nqi nws yav dhau los charming "kuj" tsos) twb, raws li tau leej twg, ua los ntawm Aspen (nws ntoo nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cua, lub hnub thiab dej ua ib tug tshwj xeeb silvery glow).

Hloov Hlo Lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Kizhi hais txog ntau yam ntawm tiered octagonal pawg ntseeg - dag rau ntawm lub plawv ntawm kev tsim kho octagonal cav cabins teem rau txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv yog supplemented los ntawm plaub prirub txojkev rau sab qaum teb, sab qab teb, sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob. Muaj coob tus neeg tsuagzog hais tias lub feem ntau zoo-paub lub tsev teev ntuj (Kizhi) ua tsis muaj tes. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tsuas yog rau lub cav, cov tsoos carpenters ntawm lub sij hawm. Tab sis rau tes (ntawm chav kawm, tsis hlau) siv los tsim cov dome, uas los ntawm nws tsis poob.

Siv cov kev faib twb yuam los ntawm ib tug xob strike coj sawv rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug laus ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj - Kizhi tsis txhob muaj cov feem ntau txoj kev txhawj xeeb tas li tuag yav dhau los lug. Ib tug forerunner ntawm no zoo kawg li lub tsev yog ib lub tuam tsev ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj nkauj xwb nyob rau hauv lub Vologda thaj av ntawd: heev coj los cascade ntawm ncaws (lub tsev teev ntuj, hmoov tsis, tsis tau dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no - raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev ua txhaum, inexcusable negligence nws twb rhuav tshem los ntawm hluav taws, tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 1963).

Intercession lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tswb ntauwd

Los ntawm tshav tsev teev ntuj khaub ncaws ntau siv Intercession Koom Txoos: Kizhi, raws li twb tau hais, yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug ib txwm kev cai dab qhuas kev tsim kho ntawm yav dhau los. Qhov no lub caij ntuj no (rhuab), lub tuam tsev ua tau (raws li lwm qhov chaw, nws rov qab los) nyob rau hauv 1764, hloov lub Dilapidated tsev Dilapidated.

Nws yog me me thiab ntau coj rau nws zoo kawg li cov neeg nyob ze: 10 meters hauv qab no thiab yog ib tug tag nrho ntawm cuaj ncaws - qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov chaw, surrounded los ntawm yim me me thiab sawv daws yuav.

Temples zoo xws li cov nrhiav yog heev ntawm cov monuments ntawm cov ntoo architecture nyob rau hauv North Russia, tab sis lub Koom Txoos ntawm Intercession ntawm cov khaub ncaws ntau ntawm Kizhi favorably elongated, elegant kab. Lub tsev teev ntuj silhouette dog dig asymmetric thiab thawj dome, mounted rau ib tug ntoo Octagon, muab tag nrho cov tsim tau ib tug charming lightness, tau yuav tsum yeej xwb lub siab lub ntsws. Muaj tseeb tiag, zoo kawg li Kizhi - ib kob nyob qhov twg kev zoo nkauj tsis yog tsuas yog tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj ntau yam.

Lwm lub caij uas cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ib lub tsev ntaub (xws li lub ru tsev) tswb ntauwd. Extant tsev ua tau nyob rau hauv 1863 nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub Dilapidated tsev ntawm lub tib lub hom phiaj. Tom qab ntawd, nws twb raug mus rau alterations nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm uas tau hloov nws lub qhov, raws li zoo li ib co hniav ntsiab.

Tag nrho peb cov tsev nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub twb ncig los ntawm artfully ua laj kab, uas hnub no tsis tau fwm. Nws regained nws npaum li cas tom qab, kev cia siab nyob rau lub zos kev lig kev cai ntawm ntoo.

Wonderland kob

Kizhi tshav tsev teev ntuj, ntawm chav kawm, yog qhov chaw ntawm lub exhibition, txawm li cas los, nyob rau cov kob koj yuav saib tau lwm cov amazing (cov ntawm 89 khoom). Nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev, txhua zoo nkauj ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj. Kizhi - qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw nyob qhov twg koj yuav saib tau qhov no. Cov hlob ntawm lawv, xa mus rau saum toj no, sau hnub tim rov qab mus rau XIV xyoo pua thiab yog ib tug charming tsev ntawm tej yam yooj yim, uncomplicated nrhiav. Crowns lub tuam tsev tsuas yog ib tug dome (thiab yog hais tias nws tsis twv hais tias qhov no kev cai dab qhuas tsev, nws yuav problematic). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus lub koom txoos, lub tsev cia puav pheej ntau chapels, nestled nyob rau hauv lub picturesque qhov chaw li lawm, raws li yog hais tias lawv tau zus tawm ntawm cov av no.

Tib neeg ingenuity thiab cov xwm

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ancient Lavxias teb sab ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj yeej ib txwm heev sib haum xeeb rau hauv lub surrounding chaw. Lawv hais tias lub zos craftsmen tau hlub qhia mus ua hauj lwm, uas tau txiav txim kom tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj "raws li ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab yuav pab." Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lawv ua tau zoo kawg nkaus. Lug tsa thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog rau feem ntau yooj yim cuab yeej kov tiag tiag nyuaj quab yuam.

Nws yog yeej muaj nqis mus ntsib ib tug. Tag nrho cov ntxim nyiam ntawm qhov chaw no yuav kis tsis tau txawm lub feem ntau high-quality cov duab. Kizhi ntoo churches uas tau ua nrov thoob lub ntiaj teb no, mus rau lub ces kaum ntawm Russia, uas yog tsim nyog mus ntsib nrog kuv tus kheej ob lub qhov muag. Laij nyob rau hauv lub brooding sab qaum teb ntuj, txaus siab rau cov splendor ntawm qhov, xav tias ua tsis taus pa ntawm ancient sij hawm, uas enveloped cov kob thiab cov dej ntawm lub pas dej Onega. Qhov no ncig saib yog tsis tsuas nthuav - nws enriches sab ntsuj plig. Vravdu ntawm no thiab koj yuav hnov cov proverbial "hubbub ntawm cov muaj hnub nyoog" thiab kov lub hauv paus rau lub anonymous nyuab uas muaj kev tswj los mus tsim ib tug tawm kev zoo nkauj, tsis zais, thiab complementing xwm.