Koj puas paub tias dab tsi cov ntshav hom fits tag nrho?

Tej yam tshwm sim tib neeg cov ntshav raws li tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic resemblance yuav muab tag nrho nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hom, hu ua ntshav pab pawg neeg yam txawv teb chaws mus rau lub cev (antibodies). Neeg twg uas belongs rau tej hom ntawm cov ntshav tsim nyob rau ntawm ib thaum ntxov rau theem ntawm me nyuam hauv plab lub neej. Molecules uas yuav mus rau ib pab pawg neeg los yog lwm cov ntshav hu ua antigens. Thaum txhaj mus rau hauv ib tug txawv teb chaws antigenic muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub cev, lawv ua rau cov tsim ntawm cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau ua ke mus rau hauv conglomerates.

Ntshav: dab tsi tshwm sim thiab yuav ua li cas nws txawv los ntawm lwm yam?

Ntshav, raws li qhov tseem ceeb kev kho mob txoj kev undergone nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th ib co kev hloov. Zaum tau qhia tias transfusions tej zaum yuav nyob deb los ntawm txhua tus neeg. Cov lus nug ces yuav, yog dab tsi cov ntshav hom fits tag nrho, tsis muaj kev zam, thiab seb puas muaj yog xws? Cov nta thiab yuav mus rau ntau hom kev coj mus rau lub fact tias cov ntshav thaum tov nrog cov haiv neeg alien lub cev daim ntau quav tso.

Muaj 4 hom:

1. Tus thawj tug, nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj antigen
2. Ib tug thib ob antigen comprises
3. Qhov thib peb muaj ib tug antigen
4. Qhov thib plaub muaj antigens A thiab B ua ke

Kuv xav li cas ntshav hom no yog tsim rau txhua tus neeg? Thaum nws cov ntshav pub thiab tus neeg, teej tug mus rau tib lub pab pawg neeg, tus tshiab cov ntshav yog circulating ntawm cov "cov phooj ywg" nyob rau hauv lub qub hom. Conversely, incompatibility yuav ua tau txaus ntshai rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Xav txog cov compatibility daim ntawv teev:

Lub rooj kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias yog dab tsi cov ntshav haum rau tag nrho cov lwm leej lwm tus. Nws hloov tawm hais tias tus naj npawb 1 yuav muab tag nrho rau lwm tus thiab ncuav nws tau rau cov neeg ntawm tag nrho cov hom. Yog li ntawd, kuv yeej menyuam cov ntshav, tsis ua mob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lwm tus neeg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntshav, thiab tus tswv ntawm nws yog ib tug neeg-rounder.

Cov yav tas hom (4) hom. Nws tau tshwm sim los ntawm nws cov Khab thiab Europeans, uas yog, lub muaj 1 thiab 3 pawg. Muaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm A thiab B antigens thiab antibodies - tsis muaj. Xws li, 4 ntshav pab pawg neeg compatibility raws li ib tug neeg uas pub cov no tsuas yog tau nrog cov plaub pab pawg neeg, thiab compatibility raws li ib tug neeg tau kev pab - mus rau tus neeg ntawm tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm hom.

v tau

Raws li nws tshwm nyob rau hauv lub caj theem:

• cov niam txiv yog v zoo - tus me nyuam yuav muaj cov v tau los yog (+) los yog tsis (-);
• ib tug ntawm cov niam txiv muaj ib tug zoo v, rau lwm yam - tsis muaj, tus me nyuam tej zaum yuav muaj tag nrho ob qho zoo thiab tsis zoo;
• leej txiv thiab leej niam yog v tsis zoo, tus me nyuam yuav muaj xwb tsis zoo.

Ua li ib tug transfusion, koj yuav tsum teem lub compatibility ntawm cov ntshav pab pawg neeg thiab v tsis tau swb. Thaum tov nrog ib tug zoo Rhesus tsis zoo ntshav tshwm sim v tshuaj ua los ntawm cov neeg uas pub cov kab mob thiab cov seem nyob rau ntawd.

Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, muaj txog 15% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem nrog ib tug tsis zoo v. Yog li ntawd cov neeg yuav ua tau ib tug ntshav, uas yog tsis tau tshaj nrog lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug pab pawg neeg thiab v tau (lub ntsiab lus tsis zoo).

Nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov dab tsi cov ntshav hom no yog tsim rau tag nrho cov neeg thiab hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los paub qhov hloov thiab tau txais ua ntej ntshav.