Keeb Kwm ntawm Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery. Orthodox txiv neej monastery cenobitic stauropegic

Lub homphiaj ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm yuav ua tau lub keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery. Qhov no ancient Orthodox monastery, uas yog tseem nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv hnub no, tau attracted tsis tsuas ntau tourists tab sis kuj pilgrims. Castles nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam muaj. Tab sis lawv ntse hloov lub fortified, lub impregnable nrog monasteries siab. Xws li yog tus kwv uas pilgrimage thiab tourism. Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery ua tau raws li ib tug citadel. Nws yog surrounded los ntawm tuab phab ntsa uas muaj peev xwm ntawm tiv lub hlis-ntev siege ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Tom qab lub monastery twb tsa nyob rau hauv lub spirited thiab chaotic lub sij hawm. Tab sis niaj hnub no, cov monks ntawm lub monastery yuav zoo siab txais tos tus pious pilgrims thiab mas tourists. Tu siab, lub ob ntiaj teb rog tshwm sim los zoo puas tsuaj rau lub historic vaj tse ntawm cov monastery. Tab sis me ntsis los ntawm me ntsis nws yog rov qab los. Cia wb mus ib virtual ncig saib Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm mloog nws nthuav zaj dab neeg.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub monastery

Nws tag nrho cov pib nrog lub fact tias ib tug Ivan Sanin muaj ib tug kev cai dab qhuas txoj hauj lwm. Nws twb tonsured rau hauv monks Pafnutiem Borovskim thiab coj lub monastic lub npe ntawm Yauxej. Leej twg tuag rau lub ntiaj teb no Sanin mob siab nws tus kheej rau cov kev pab cuam ntawm Vajtswv thiab thiaj li muaj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv no hais tias tau los ua tus successor ntawm St. Paphnutius li hegumen. Raws li lub taub hau ntawm lub zej zog, Yauxej sim nkag mus rau nws obschezhiteyny charter. Tab sis cov kwv tij yog categorically txwv rau qhov no. Ces tus ascetic Yauxej thiab lwm txiv neej laus laus, Gerasim mus laij los ntawm cov Hermitages thiab monasteries. Tab sis los ntawm 1478, Yauxej rov qab mus rau nws lub teb chaws, thiab thov kom tso cai rau Boris Vladimirovich, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Volokolamsk, tsim kom muaj ib tug monastery. Lub "eulogy", tso ua ke los ntawm nws lawm tub Ivan Sanin Dosifey Toporkov, nyeem raws li nram no: "Qhov chaw rau cov monastery twb tau teev saum toj no. Spun kem ntawm hmoov av, thiab ces tus hauv av twb ntaus los ntawm hluav taws xob nyob ib lub ntuj kaj. Muaj Reverend thiab muab tso rau ib tug kawg. " Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1479, nws tau nrhiav tau los ntawm Yauxej ntawm Volokolamsk Monastery.

Lub neej ntawm St.

Nws yog tsim nyog los hais ob peb lo lus txog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ascetic. Yog vim li cas nws muaj ib tug teeb meem nrog cov kwv tij thiab, tseem ceeb tshaj, yuav ua li cas nws pom ib tug secular tag nrho cov nyiaj them yug (xws li nyiaj txiag) rau qhov kev siv ntawm Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery? Sanin aristocratic tsev neeg muaj lub zos Yazvische thiab yog nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm tej Volotsk tub huabtais Boris. Ivan tsis yog tus tub. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20, nws txiav txim siab coj daim ntaub thaiv, thiab nyob rau hauv 1459 mus rau Tverskoy Savvin monastery. Tab sis muaj cov abode of cov neeg txom nyem tsis tau los kom nws los, thiab nws tau mus rau Borovsk. Qhov no monastery yog nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Paphnutius yog nto moo rau nws wealth. Nyob rau hauv no monastery ascetic nws siv 18 xyoo. Monastery yav tas los mus Novgorod diocese. Txais zoo kawg thiab xav tub huabtais Ivan III capture ze pawg neeg thaj av, Abbot Yauxej teeb meem nrog Archbishop Serapion Novgorod. Yog li abode nkag Diocese, uas ua rau yws yws ua fraternity. Dua li ntawm qhov patronage ntawm lub secular cai, Yauxej txiav txim siab los tawm thiab teem lawv tus kheej monastery. Nws yog tus godfather ntawm nws tus tub Borisa Volotskogo, Ivana Ruzskogo thiab confessor ntawm tus tub huabtais feem.

Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery (Volokolamsk koog tsev kawm ntawv, Moscow cheeb tsam)

Cov yuav txhawb tau civil tub ceev xwm ua rau nws tau mus tsim kho lub ascetic thawj ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov monastery cia li ob lub hlis ntawm lub caij ntuj sov 1479. Tsib xyoos tom qab nws twb hloov los ntawm ib lub pob zeb tsev teev ntuj. Lub monastery sai sai ua lub Kremlin, surrounded los ntawm tuab phab ntsa. Yog muaj lub tsev rau txim rau dissidents. Lub Abbot Yauxej, ua los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox rau cov nyob qib ntawm hauj sam, yog ib tug ardent neeg tsim txom ntawm lub Judaizers thiab defended lub legitimacy ntawm owning monasteries worldly wealth, xws li av. Nws sau hais tias "... lub infidels thiab heretics yuav tsum tsis tsuas mus rau txim thiab kev ntxub, tab sis kuj coj lawv cov anathema, thiab mus thov lawv raug mob, Huv nws txhais tes ... qhov no nom tswv yuav tsum coj lawv mus rau ib tug lim hiam rau txim." Yauxej fwm cov tsiaj ntawv, sib cav nrog tus uas tsis yog-possessors (nyob rau hauv particular, nrog Neil Sora) hais tias cov monks unseemly los nyias muaj nyias teb chaws thiab los decorate lub Golden tuam tsev. Abbot tuag nyob rau hauv 1515. Canonized nyob rau hauv 1579. Nws cov thwjtim, Josephites, nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua, fiercely tiv thaiv rau qhov qaug dab peg ntawm av thiab enslaving peasants. Nyob rau hauv 2009, Patriarh Kirill tshaj tawm hais tias patron ntawm Iosifa Volotskogo ua lag ua luam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Orthodoxy.

Kremlin

Vaj tse Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery pom los ntawm afar. Ci golden ncaws ntawm lub koom txoos, peeping los ntawm qab lub dawb phab ntsa nrog loopholes. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub monastery pas dej twb tawg. Lawv tsis tsuas yog sim txoj kev ntawm qhov tau invader, tab sis kuj mus rau replenish lub refectory monks qab ntses. Lub nroog phab ntsa, cov citadel ntawm lub monastery twb reconstructed ob peb lub sij hawm. Abode tau ntse tau tiv thaiv cov siege ntawm lub Polish-Lithuanian pab tub rog nyob rau hauv 1612. Cov phab ntsa yog tsim raws li ntev-ntau thiab melee. Lawv interleaved pej thuam. Txhua yam ntawm lawv - ib tug tshwj xeeb masterpiece ntawm defensive architecture. Cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Germanova. Peb tuaj closer thiab saib tus nkag teev nyob rau hauv 2009 ib tug monument rau St Iosifu Volotskomu. Qab nws yuav tau pom zoo heev-hnav khaub ncaws rooj vag tsev teev ntuj, rau rau siab rau cov Thwj Tim Petus thiab Povlauj. Nws ua tau nyob rau hauv 1679 nyob rau hauv lub Moscow teremkovom style. Wb mus los ntawm lub qhov rooj.

Ua hauv convent lub. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Assumption of Our Lady

Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm Reverend Abbot Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery, nyob rau hauv 1486, nws ua tau rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug ntoo pob zeb lub tsev teev ntuj. Rau nws painting nws raug caw mus nto moo thiab venerable artist Dionysius. Thaum nws yog lub zam rau Moscow baroque, lub tsev teev ntuj txhab thiab hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws siv sijhawm rov qab mus 1688-1696 xyoo. Qhov no tsib-domed tuam tsev yog ciav nyob rau hauv nws cov kev zoo nkauj thiab grandeur. Tsis txhob Rush mus mus sab hauv. Ua ntej, mus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Sab nraum nws cov phab ntsa yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog vuas uas tau ua nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub studio ntawm artist Stepan Polubes. Tam sim no mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev. Icons, sau los ntawm Dionysius, tsis zoo. Lawv yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev. Ib tug tiag tiag gem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib tug tsib-theem carved iconostasis, ci ntsa iab kub. Cov ntaub ntawv rau pilgrims: nyob rau hauv no lub tsev teev ntuj tshaaj zog thiab cov chains ntawm St. Yauxej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub monastery yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm princes Volotsk, John thiab Theodore.

Lwm vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub monastery

Thaum enjoyed tshwj xeeb koob meej belfry Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery. Nws ua tau nyob rau hauv 1511 thiab yog nyob ib sab mus rau lub qub tuam tsev. Ces lub tswb ntauwd ntxiab "haum" mus rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tshiab lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws yog hais tias nyob rau hauv ib hnub twg los ntawm nws cov sab saum toj koj yuav saib tau Moscow. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, Soviet troops retreating tag li lub tswb ntauwd. Tam sim no nws lub hauv paus yog pw thiab tos rau lawv restoration. Yuav ua li cas mus xyuas rov qab nyob rau hauv Volovets Yauxej Monastery? Ua ntej, tus twb hais rooj vag lub tsev teev ntuj. Tom ntej no, saib Germanov pej thuam nyob rau lwm yam sab. Nws yog ib puag ncig los ntawm tus dawb Zib mu thiab barns, raws li zoo raws li lub monastery tsev nrog keliyami. Nyob rau hauv lub refectory ntawm lub monastery nws tus kheej tau dined Iosif Volotsky. Raws li lub hom phiaj yog lub architectural qauv repeats lub ncau Chamber ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin - lub code yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug ncej. Tsis tas li ntawd noteworthy yog qhov zoo nkauj ces kaum pej thuam.

monastery celebrities

Tu siab, lub zoo kab lis kev cai los yog Christian companions ntawm cov kwv tij, tsuas yog tus founder ntawm lub monastery, tsis yog. Tab sis lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau ntawm languishing nyob rau hauv lub tsev loj cuj ntawm lub monastery. Ntawm cov feem ntau zoo-paub tej zaum yuav hu ua St. Maxim lub Greek, txawj sau ntawv thiab kev cai dab qhuas daim duab, dhau lawm, canonized los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox. Tub huabtais Vasili Patrickeyev, tau txais lub monastic lub npe Bassion thiab Basil Kuritsyn thiab Mathais Bashkin - diplomats nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub Moscow tsar - kuj languishing nyob rau hauv tsev rau txim Yauxej ntawm Volokolamsk. Lawv displeasing mus rau lub Reverend uas tab tham txog qhov yuav tsum tau nestyazhatelstva. Lawv tej lus qhuab qhia yog tshaj tawm hais tias ib tug cathedral nyob rau hauv 1504 heresy "Judaizers." Volokolamsk, Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery los ua ib tug tsev rau txim rau Vasiliya Shuyskogo thiab ib tug muaj koob daim duab nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj phua Gerasim Firsov.

Burial nyob rau hauv lub monastery

Peb twb hais tias yog lub qhov ntxa uas princes - cov kwv tij John thiab Fedora Borisovichey. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tom qab tus monastery nyob rau hauv 1989, raug muab tshaj mus rau lub Koom Txoos, lub hwj chim ntawm Iosifa Volotskogo tau pom. Nws chains tau kis mus rau lub monastery ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej "Tshiab Yeluxalees" nyob rau hauv Istra. Yauxej los ntawm Volokolamsk stauropegic monastery los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm twj ywm thiab lub xeem rau exiled no Ivanom Groznym Tsam Daniel. Tsis tas li ntawd faus no Novgorod Archbishop Theodosius. Nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas yog faus, thiab ib co zoo-paub secular yog leejtwg tiag. Nws Malyuta Skuratov, lub taub hau ntawm lub guardsmen, thiab tswv av zos Yaropolets Goncharova, uas lees paub rau cov niam-A. S. Pushkinu.

Ib tug Tshiab Keeb kwm ntawm lub monastery

Ib zaug hauv lub monastery muaj ib tug loj tsev qiv ntawv, thiab los ntawm 1777 mus 1823 xyoo, muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov pov thawj tug tub. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, cov monastery twb paub raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm twj ywm. Nws raug rho tawm qhov chaw, muaj hwj chim loj phab ntsa tso cai rau siv cov monastery raws li ib tug hauv tsev lojcuj. Dungeons monastery muaj tsis tau tsuas yog koj tus kheej cov yeeb ncuab Abbot Venerable Iosifa Volotskogo. Thaum pib ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua yog khaws cia hauv teb chaws Poland, thiab nyob rau hauv 1812 - lub Fabkis raug kaw ua tsov ua rog. Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917, lub monastery twb kaw. Los ntawm 1922 mus 1989 muaj twb nyob ib chaw tu menyuam ntsuag.

Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery Yuav ua li cas mus txog tod

Qhov no attraction Moscow Thaj av uas nyob ntawm lub capital yuav mus xyuas nyob rau hauv ib hnub. Tau rau Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery yog tsis nyuaj heev, txawm yog hais tias peb siv los mus los ntawm lub pej xeem thauj. Koj yuav tsum xub mus txog lub zos Teryaevo. Yauxej-Volokolamsk Monastery yog ib tug kilometer los ntawm nws. Ua ntej Teryaevo yuav hu tau nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Cov kev xaiv thawj yog mus tau rau hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau mus Volokolamsk (Riga kev taw qhia). Los ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub tsheb npav naj npawb 31. Lawv yuav tsum tau mus rau lub stop "Valuiki" thiab ntxiv raws li mus rau ib tug kilometer rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub monastery. Qhov thib ob xaiv yog yooj yim: yuav tau mus rau lub tsheb ciav hlau qhov chaw nres tsheb Chismena thiab ces npav naj npawb 23 mus rau lub zos Teryaevo. Los ntawm cov zos yuav tsum mus ib kilometer rau sab hnub poob.