Keeb kwm lub qhov rais: emergence thiab kev loj hlob

Niaj hnub no, muaj coob tus neeg siv cov kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system los ntawm Microsoft, thiab yeej tsis xav txog yuav ua li cas no nthuav ad raug coined. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov feem ntau nrov operating system muaj ib tug ntau ntawm nthuav tej yam. Nws yog tsim nyog los hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm lub qhov rais hnub rov qab ob peb decades. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, lub operating system twb dhau ib tug series ntawm metamorphosis: los ntawm ib tug ua tau txawv txawv GUI rau MS-DOS mus rau ib tug tag nrho thiab yooj yim heev operating system. Sawv daws yeej paub hais tias lub qhov rais tuaj nrog Bill Geyts, tab sis ob peb paub yuav ua li cas nws ua li ntawd nws. Wb sim xav txog tag nrho cov theem ntawm lub qhov rais loj hlob. Rau lub keeb kwm ntawm lub qhov rais operating system ib tug heev interesting thiab exciting.

headwaters

Lub qhov rais keeb kwm pib nyob rau hauv 1985 thaum ib tug tub ntxhais hluas thiab tsis paub hais tias tus menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau ntawm lub MIT Bill Geyts ua ib tug graphical ib puag ncig rau cov kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system of lub sij hawm. Nws hu nws tus creation lub qhov rais 1.0. Txawm li cas los, no version yog tsis ntes tau raws li muaj loj uas tsis. Tab sis version 1.01 lawm tsis muaj drawbacks. Txawm li cas los, muaj ntau yam gurus ntawm computer technology mas suav hais tias puas lub qhov rais superstructure, uas muaj tsis muaj yav tom ntej. Lawv ntseeg hais tias cov graphical interface distracts cov neeg siv los ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm MS-DOS. Thiab leej twg yog txoj cai?

Mus txog rau version 3.11 qhov rais yog cia li ib tug plhaub. Lub superstructure rau ib qho yooj yim computer tswj. Sau kom tiav operating system tuaj tawm ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej thiab ua rau ib tug tiag tiag kiv puag ncig. Txawm txawm lub fact tias cov OS duab tau ntev tau siv nyob rau hauv computers los ntawm cov kua. Tab sis qhov teeb meem yog, "Yabloko" yog hais tias tus Mac OS yog tsis yooj yim rau tib yam neeg vim hais tias ntawm nws cov tawv proprietary. Thiab nyob rau Linux thaum lub sij hawm "zaum" xwb servers thiab "geeks". Yog vim li cas lub qhov rais pib mus nce chaw sai sai. Xws li yog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub qhov rais.

lub qhov rais 95

Nyob rau hauv 1995, Microsoft tso tawm ib qhov system operating hu ua lub qhov rais 95. Nws yog thawj full-fledged operating system. Thiab lub graphical neeg siv interface, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv - tag nrho cov nyob rau ntawm ib txaus theem rau lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, lub system yog tsis ntev nyob raws li ib tug tseem ceeb heev kom txhob raug nyob rau hauv nws cov code tau raug kuaj. Cuaj kaum, khiav qhov rais 95 thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm 80% ntawm tus kheej computers. Lub qhov rais keeb kwm pib nyob rau hauv 1995.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv lub thawj version ntawm ib tug txheej ntawm Microsoft Office programs uas yog tsim los ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv. Txij thaum ntawd los taw tes rau nws ua ib tug tag nrho-fledged lub qhov rais thiab universal system. Nws pib siv rau tag nrho cov kev pab raws qib. Thiab qhov no - tus thawj kos npe rau ntawm lub chaw ntawm cov operating system. Txawm li cas los, cov version 95 tsis ua ib tug tiag tiag "teb chaws" system. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no - ib tug ntau ntawm cov kab nyob rau hauv lub operating system qauv. Yog vim li cas Microsoft txiav txim siab los radically hloov cov qauv ntawm cov qhov rais.

lub qhov rais 98

Qhov no kho version nyob rau hauv 1995. Nyob rau hauv Yeej 98 twb raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thiab kho tag nrho cov uas tsis ntawm yav tas los version. Nws los ua ib tug "neeg." Tam sim no txog Microsoft lub tham txog raws li ib tug ntse heev ntawm lub computer ntiaj teb no. Lub system combines qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tswj, siab ntseeg thiab ib tug yuav luag tiav qhaj ntawv los ntawm deadlocks. Tom qab lub tsis ua hauj lwm "rho menyuam" nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm yav dhau los versions ntawm lub tuam txhab tseem muaj kev tswj los mus tso ib yam dab tsi zoo tiag tiag thiab workable. Tag nrho versions ntawm 90 yog muaj peev xwm mus ua hauj lwm tsuas nrog 32-ntsis processors.

Lub 98th version ntawm lub "qhov rais" tau ua ib tug tiag tiag kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems. Tam sim no ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub computer tau ua muaj rau txhua leej txhua tus. Thiab tsis yog, raws li nyob rau kaj ntug ntawm technology, thaum ib tug PC yuav ua hauj lwm xwb ib tug ob peb. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub qhov rais zaj dabneeg tsis xaus muaj. Ua ntej ntawm peb ib tug ntau ntawm nthuav thiab zoo kawg.

Lub qhov rais 2000,

Qhov no yog thawj system raws li nyob rau hauv lub NT cav. Qhov no system qhib ib tug tshiab milestone nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub qhov rais. Lub 2000 version twb positioned raws li ib tug system rau lub tsev thiab chaw ua hauj lwm. Ntawm nws cov nrhav pov heev nthuav nta. Piv txwv li, pab txhawb rau multimedia nta "tawm ntawm lub thawv." Qhov kev xaiv no tau txij li thaum ua lub txwm ntawm tej kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system los ntawm Microsoft.

Lub qhov rais 2000 kuj muaj qhov tseeb tau nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub computer kev ruaj ntseg. Lub system tau ua heev nrov nrog xws li cov neeg siv thiab cov neeg uas koom nyob rau hauv lub lag luam. Kev ruaj ntseg, ua ke nrog functionality - uas yog tsim nyog rau qhov no sector. Cov kev version tau txais yuav los ntawm ntau cov koom haum.

lub qhov rais KUV

Tej zaum cov feem ntau version ntawm lub qhov rais tom qab ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm "Vista". Nws twb tso tawm raws li ib tug txawj tej yam ntxiv version ntawm 2000 tau tau txhab multimedia tuition. Tab sis lub stability ntawm lub system yog neeg pluag. Qhov hangs thiab reboots yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxiv OS chaw. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Microsoft txiav txim siab los yob peb tes num thiab tsis txaj muag. Zoo, ib tug heev tsim nyog tov.

Cov feem nthuav tshaj plaws yog hais tias IU yog tseem tsim rau lub hauv paus ntawm NT. Tab sis ib yam dab tsi mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Thiab nws muab tawm hais tias IU - feem ntau unpopular version ntawm lub qhov rais. Zaj Keeb Kwm-raws li systems NT tsis xaus, nws tau nyuam qhuav pib. Rau tom qab ib tug ua tsis tau tejyam version ntawm lub developers muaj kev tswj kom tsim ib tug tiag tiag masterpiece. Nws yog ib tug siab zoo khoom plig rau cov neeg siv cov. Tej zaum, rau lawv cov kev ua siab ntev.

lub qhov rais XP

Lub legendary "Piggy" yog tseem ntshai li qhov zoo tshaj plaws operating system los ntawm Microsoft. Thiab nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo interface. Ntau npaum li cas zoo yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub system nyob amazing multimedia tuition, nce stability thiab kev ruaj ntseg. Thiab tom qab tso tawm ntawm qhov peb Service pob khoom ua hauj lwm yog heev txaus siab nrog nws. Tsis glitches, freezes, thiab cia li restarts, ntxiv rau them nyiaj yug rau anti-aliased phau ntawv rau ntau xis lag luam - qhov no yog qhov zoo meej daim ntawv qhia rau cov kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, muaj ntau yam "oldfagi" categorically tsis kam hloov XP rau ib yam dab tsi tshiab.

Legendary OS tau muaj kev tswj los mus ua tej vim muaj ib tug ua ke ntawm cov tshiab interface, stability thiab kev ruaj ntseg. Tab sis nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees lawm tsis hais tias nws yog nrog XP pib lub era ntawm hauv Internet yooj yim. Nyob twj ywm hauv internet nrog XP yog tsis ib qho piv txwv swm tshaj qhov 2000 version. Thiab tag nrho cov kev ua si tau launched nrog ib tug Bang. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Microsoft twb tau peb xyoos tsis them nyiaj yug XP, ob peb twv yuav tawm mus rau ib yam dab tsi tshiab. Nrog rau cov XP version keeb kwm ntawm lub qhov rais ua ib tug tshiab puag ncig thiab qhia peb saib tshiab technologies.

lub qhov rais Vista

Ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm yog cov OS los ntawm Microsoft. Thiab yog li ntawd xav txog ob leeg cov neeg siv thiab mob thuam. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv lub "Vista" yog ib tug ntau ntawm flaws. Qhov no overriding yog vim li cas rau lub tsis ua hauj lwm. Ib tug thib ob yog vim li cas yog hais tias lub ntiaj teb no yog tsis npaj rau xws li ib OS. Ntau graphics neeb thiab whistles. Tsis yog txhua txhua computers ntawm lub sij hawm twb tau mus muab tus lag luam nyob rau hauv "Vista". Qhov no yog vim li cas lwm rau nws unpopularity.

Qhov seem tej yuav tsum muaj xws li ncaj tsis muaj stability thiab ib tug neeg tsav tsheb teeb meem. Manufacturers tsis tshwj xeeb yog sim ua cov neeg tsav tsheb rau lub Linux operating system, vim hais tias nws tsis ntseeg nyob rau hauv nws cov kev vam meej. Thiab lawv txoj cai. Lwm txaj muag page nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub tuam txhab ntawm Redmond. Los ntawm txoj kev, "mikromyagkie" sim sai li sai tau kho tau qhov no "pab tsiaj". Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub qhov rais kev khiav hauj lwm systems tseem.

lub qhov rais 7

Tej zaum cov feem ntau nrov operating system thaum lub caij. Nws yog ib yam dab tsi tias, raws li cov developers xeeb, yuav tsum raug "Vista". Lub xya version yog tus zoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov yoov. Thiab cov los ntawm Microsoft yog nej ib tug zoo. Cov tshwm sim yog heev tib yam imputed rau lub qhov rais 7. Lub keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation yooj yim. Tshiab yees yuav tsum tau tshiab system. Thiab tam sim no developers tsis yuav.

Ntawm cov kev txhim kho rau cov system yuav tsum muaj xws li ib tug sib sib zog nqus optimization ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm nrog lub computer hardware. "Xya" yog ua hauj lwm nrog cov processor thiab RAM ntawm lub sij hawm zoo tshaj lub legendary XP. Thiab nws zoo li ob peb lub sij hawm zoo "Piggy". Txawm li cas los, muaj ib qho teeb meem hais tias cov neeg yog ntshai ntawm thawj zaug rau theem - voracity. Pib lub "xya" rau cov laus PCs twb problematic. Yog vim li cas rau cov uas - ib tug graphical interface. Txawm li cas los ustakanilos, thiab tam sim no feem ntau cov neeg siv lub qhov rais 7. Keeb kwm tau ib zaug dua ras peb.

Lub qhov rais 8 thiab 8.1

Lub advent ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj yuam Microsoft rau urgently ua ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus poob rau hauv lub Championship nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system ua lag luam. Kev nta ntawm lub tshiab pab kiag li lawm yog tsis tau tso cai rau siv cov duab OS. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug tshiab version ntawm lub qhov rais. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv tib engine, NT zog, tiam sis los ntawm tam sim no rau OS los ua nruj heev heev rau pab kiag li lawm nrog kov screen. Yog li ntawd lub qhov rais 8. Lub keeb kwm ntawm nws chaw (los yog unpopularity) yog tsis meej xwm thiab yuav tsum tau ib co lus piav.

Thawj qhov uas xav tsis thoob tswv cuab "tsiv" los ntawm lub "Pab pawg neeg cov Xya" - ib tug txais tos kev tshuaj ntsuam nrog ib tug coj txawv txawv tiled interface Metro. Nws yog ib lub poob siab. Undoubtedly, cov interface yog heev yooj yim kov cov ntxaij vab tshaus. Tab sis qhov nruab nrab PC neeg siv, nws plunges rau hauv ib tug ntshai. Ntau alarmism tshwm sim los ib tug tsis muaj tag nrho cov "Start" khawm, tus paub. Uas yog, lub khawm nws tus kheej yog, tab sis nws yuav qhib tib tiled interface. Tag nrho yog heev txawv txawv. Qhov no yog vim li cas tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm "yim" nyob rau hauv thawj zaug rau theem.

Lub qhov rais 10. Xeem OS

Yog, raws nraim hais tias thaum Microsoft. Feem ntau cov kev khiav hauj lwm systems yuav tsis muaj ib tug naj npawb. Tag nrho cov nrhav yuav tsum tau qhia nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub tswv yim npaj kho "kaum tawm". Controversy dhau tus xeem system tseem tseem hnub no. Ib txhia qhuas nws cov unmatched optimization thiab kaum ob version ntawm DirectX. Lwm tus nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev phem neeg soj xyuas "khoom" ntawm qhov kev ua tshiab. Thiab lawv yog cov zoo kiag li. Muaj teeb meem tshaj plaws - lub qhov rais 10. Nws keeb kwm yog nyuam qhuav pib. Yog li ntawd yuav hais li cas objectively tsis muaj dab tsi yooj yim sua.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias distinguishes nws los ntawm tag nrho cov version yav dhau los ntawm qhov rais. Keeb kwm cov ntaub ntawv nws yog muab zais li sib sib zog nqus uas nws yog ib qhov nyuaj mus nrhiav. Raws li cov hauj lwm daim ntawv qhia, qhov no yog vim txoj cai ntawm cov kev muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws tus kheej. Yuav ua li cas tus kheej yog "kaum" tsis tu ncua xa tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov neeg siv nyob rau hauv Microsoft? Thiab hais tias, nyob rau hauv lem, muab cov ntaub ntawv no rau hauv lub NSA thiab cov FBI rau kev thov. Ntes tau txawm text ntaus los ntawm cov keyboard.

Tab sis tsis txhob tsis kam lees lub cuab zoo ntawm tus tshiab OS. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav nco ntsoov txo load lub sij hawm, zoo ua hauj lwm nrog hlau thiab lub hwj chim tseg hom. Kev xaiv lub xeem tsuas yog siv tau rau laptops, tab sis nws tsis ua rau nws ruaj. Saib qhov rais keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub 10 version yog tsis yooj yim - nws tseem yog ib tug ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws txhawb tag nrho cov nrhav nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm NWS-technologies. Nrog lub taub hau mounted zaub.

mobile ya

Ua ke nrog cov desktop operating system tsim nrog rau Microsoft thiab cov mobile platform. Rau cov hom phiaj, lub tuam txhab txawm yuav lub legendary Finnish hom Nokia. Tab sis me ntsis zoo nyob rau hauv teb, lub brainchild ntawm Bill rooj vag yuav tsis tiav. Keeb kwm ntawm lub qhov rais Mobile yog tag nrho ntawm tragic yuam kev. Txawm version ntawm lub system - cov tsis ua hauj lwm. Vim li cas thiaj? Tej zaum tag nrho vim hais tias txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum mloog nws tus kheej ua lag ua luam thiab tsis tau mus rau qhov chaw uas nws paub tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog? Yuav hais tias raws li nws yuav ua tau, cov mobile ya, Microsoft tsis tau muab tawm.

Mobile version ntawm lub "Cua" nyob rau hauv txawv glyuchnostyu thiab tsis khov. Lawv yuav tsis ua hauj lwm zoo nrog lub smartphone kho vajtse thiab qhov rais tom khw (analogous mus rau "Kev ua lag luam" on "hauv") yuav khav ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau npe thiab kev ua si. Lub developers yog nyob rau hauv tsis tsuag tsuag los mus tsim ib tug version rau "vindofonov" platform. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov kev faib ua feem ntawm pab kiag li lawm yog negligible rau no platform. Yog li ntawd nws yuav ua rau tsis muaj kev nkag siab rau developers yuav tsum tau muab tsuag.

xaus

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Microsoft lub qhov rais operating system yog tag nrho: tus tuag ib ce thiab downs, successes thiab failures. Tab sis tsis yog leej twg yuav lees paub los tsis kam hais tias "Vindouz" - lub feem ntau nrov OS nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Yog, tam sim no muaj zog "linuksopodobnye" system. Thiab Mac OS muaj ntau zog nws ua lag luam sib qhia. Tab sis txog thaum Microsoft kev khiav hauj lwm systems nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua lag luam lawv tsis tau txais. Thaum kawg, tseem tsis tau. Lub qhov rais - tiag tiag "pej xeem" system. Feem ntau cov manufacturers txhawb no xyov OS. Lwm tus tau zoo li tus ib tug disgrace mus rau lub xub ntiag ntawm ntaus ntawv tsav tsheb. Txawm nws yog, yog tias koj xav ceev ceev, tsim thiab ruaj khov system - yuav lub qhov rais. Zoo nws yog tseem tsis tau tuaj mus nrog dab tsi.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm muaj kev ruaj ntseg teeb meem, tab sis nws yog - lub specifics ntawm cov operating system. "Linux" yog, ntawm chav kawm, ntau nyob xeeb dua qub, tab sis ntau dhau phim. Yog li ntawd xav tias dawb muab "Vidovs" - thiab koj yuav muaj kev zoo siab. Cia li tsis nco qab tias los ntawm lub pirated version yog ib tug me ntsis ruam tag. Zoo siv ib qhov nqi ntawm rubles thiab tsis nco qab txog tag nrho cov teeb meem txuam nrog rau pirated software thiab kev khiav hauj lwm systems.