Tsheb, Tsheb
Hydrogen engine, "Toyota". Toyota Mirai hydrogen-powered
Rau hnub tim, yuav luag tag nrho cov ntiaj teb automakers koom tsim lub tsheb khiav ntawm huv roj. Kws txawj hais tias nyob rau hauv 15-20 xyoo lub ntiaj teb no yuav siab hloov mus rau no hom ntawm thauj. Thaum cov thawj coj hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ua rau cov tuam txhab "Toyota". Tom qab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm tus naas ej "Primus" Japanese tau txiav txim siab los mus ntxiv thiab tsim ib tug ntau tus phooj ywg environmentally tsheb - Toyota Mirai hydrogen-powered. Nyob rau hauv hnub no tus tsab xov xwm peb yuav saib tag nrho cov nta ntawm lub khoom tshiab, thiab sau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev siv cov hydrogen tsheb.
feature
"Toyota lub ntiaj teb no" - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj Japanese-ua sedans tias lub tuam txhab txiav txim siab los ua nyob rau hauv loj scale. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kev txiav txim yuav tau hu rau cov qauv no Mirai twb tsis txhaum, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv Japanese nws txhais tau tias "Ntshiab yav tom ntej".
nthuav qhov tseeb
Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub "ntiaj teb no" tsis yog lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj lub tsheb nrog ib tug hydrogen engine. "Toyota" tau raug tsim hybrid qauv ntawm lub tsheb los ntawm 1997 onwards. Nws yog ces hais tias lub ntiaj teb no pej xeem pom thawj lub tsheb nrog ib tug hydrogen engine nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub ntsiab SUV qauv FCHV. Txawm li cas los, khiav nws nyob rau hauv ib tug loj-scale series zus tau tej cov Japanese tsis tau twv. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tus Jeep yuav muaj nyob rau hauv pej xeem hauv tsev thiab cov koom haum muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub xeem ntawm no hom kev thauj. Incidentally, lub hydrogen engine combines BMW thiab Toyota. Lub Germans muab ntaus rau hauv ib daim ntawv cog nrog lub Japanese engineers thiab mus rau lub xyoo 2020 lub tswv yim los tsim ib tug tshiab eco-friendly dhau BMW Hydrogen 7 Series.
Pros Hydrogen Tsheb
Yog xav tau pib nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam. Yuav pib nrog, lub cav rau hydrogen roj tsis emit tej kuab paug, tsis zoo li diesel thiab roj av. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia, thiab tus nqi qis ntawm lub lag luam ntawm no hom kev thauj. Needless roj (hydrogen) yuav tsum npaj kom txhij nyob rau hauv ob leeg me me thiab cov loj loj scale. Qhov no yuav ho tswj qhov teeb meem no nrog tus puas-hloov roj nqi thiab ntau nraaj faib zog pab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Yuav ua li cas muaj disadvantages engine rau hydrogen roj?
Tam sim no cia tus tham txog lub shortcomings. Lub ntsiab disadvantage ntawm no hom ntawm thauj yog hais tias lub hydrogen engine ( "Toyota FCV» nrog rau) ntau heev tshaj qhov classic diesel thiab petrol counterparts. Qhov no yog vim muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm hydrogen. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tawg nws yog yus muaj los ntawm siab volatility. Qhov no feature heev complicates lub tsheb thauj mus los thiab refuelling ntawm lub tsheb nrog hydrogen. Tsis tas li ntawd, kws txawj hais tias cov txij nkawm uas zoo li ib tsob nroj yuav ntau kim tshaj rau piv txwv rau kho ntawm lub diesel nrog combustion engine (vim lub me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov kws txawj paub nyob rau hauv daim teb no ua hauj lwm). Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov tsis muaj hydrogen fueling noj. Nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb uas tsuas muaj ib tug ob peb xws siv tam sim no vim hais tias cov tsheb yog heev yooj yim (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog raws li lub caij nrog xws li ib tug tshuab tau tsuas yog nrog kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb cov khoom).
mov teeb meem
Lub ntsiab teeb meem ntawm hydrogen tsheb - tsis muaj chaw muag roj tsheb, qhov chaw uas lawv yuav tau refilled. Uas yog vim li cas lub ntiaj teb no ntau yam hluav taws xob lub tsheb, raws li lawv yuav tau them los ntawm ib tug dog dig phab ntsa tso pa, thiab txawm nyob rau txoj kev mus, yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug hnub ci vaj huam sib luag rau lub ru tsev. Tab sis zus tau tej cov hydrogen noj twb muaj zog. Peb twb paub ntawm cov kev npaj los tsim kom tau 20 xws noj nyob rau hauv California. Yog hais tias kev muag khoom loj hlob, tus xov tooj ntawm cov roj noj yuav ob npaug. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub xeev no yog xaiv tsis yog tsis muaj yog vim li cas - nws pib nyob rau hauv California yuav pib kev muag khoom ntawm hydrogen "Toyota". Tab sis muag khoom yuav tsum tau tham tom qab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, tab sis rau tam sim no cia saib rau sab nrauv cov khoom tshiab.
tsim
Cov tsos ntawm ib tug tshiab "Toyota Mirai" yog impressive heev. Tam sim ntawd catches lub qhov muag loj heev txhoj puab heev "pem hauv ntej" nrog ib tug hnyav lub dav bumper thiab slanted taws. grille - qhov no yog tej zaum qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb txaus caij nyob rau hauv tus sab nrauv.
sab hauv
Lub puab yog ib feem ntawm lub tsheb yog hais tias tus spacecraft - loj ntawm cov nyees khawm, qhia, sensors thiab lwm yam khoom. Yuav ua li cas yog nthuav, tus Japanese txiav txim kom tsis txhob siv nyiaj rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ob sab hauv layout xaiv - rau cov teb chaws Europe thiab rau lub domestic kev ua lag luam. Qhov teeb meem nrog lub kauj permutation lawv txiav txim siab heev tsuas yog muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug torpedo.
kev yam ntxwv
"Toyota" ua tsheb nrog ib tug hydrogen engine muaj ib tug loj mov ntawm lub hwj chim. Cov fais fab nroj tsuag, raws li cov manufacturers, yuav muaj 153 horsepower, uas yog txaus rau cov hoob kawm no ntawm lub tsheb. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam xyaw tsis txawj hais lus Japanese, thiab, feem ntau yuav, kev ua lag luam yuav tuaj tsuas yog ib qho kev hloov kho tshiab cov khoom los ntawm cov 153-muaj zog environmentally phooj ywg tsev. Lub hydrogen engine ( "Toyota Mirai" rau 2015) sau rau tshwj xeeb roj hlwb. Hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw, nrog kev koom tes ntawm hydrogen thiab oxygen. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj sis ua ib tug haib zog uas fuels ib tug hluav taws xob motor.
Dynamics thiab kev khiav hauj lwm cov nqi
Cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus hais tias tus dynamic yam ntxwv ntawm cov Toyota nrog lub hydrogen engine yog tsis muaj ntau tshaj li lawv cov roj av counterparts. Acceleration ntawm xoom kom "pua pua" yog kwv yees li ntawm 9 vib nas this. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, engineers sau tseg ib tug uas tsis muaj nqi mus txawv tebchaws.
Raws li lub cav no khiav ntawm hydrogen?
Muaj tseeb peb txhua tus xav li cas txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam ntawm lub tsev. Zoo, cia saib yuav ua li cas lub hydrogen engine ua tau.
Lub ntsiab tsav tsheb quab yuam qab cov cav tov yog ib qho electrochemical generator (ib tug roj cell). Nyob rau hauv Japanese nws yog hu ua FC Tshooj. Hauv lub electrochemical generator cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim uas tau nyob rau hauv lub oxidation ntawm hydrogen. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no ua rau cov yam zog, uas yog ces xa mus rau lub compact roj teeb. Cov yav tas yog tawm cov nuj nqi ntawm lub fais lub hwj chim, uas ua rau yus lub tsheb nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv dab tsi zoo ntawm pov tseg generated hydrogen cav? "Toyota ntiaj teb no" txhob txwm hu ua huv tshuab vim hais tias ntawm nws cov rav cua tsheb yeeb nkab mus tsis lom gases thiab zoo tib yam dej.
Nws yog tag nrho cov zoo heev, tab sis muaj ib tug dag zog yuam uas tiv thaiv cov kev loj hlob ntawm no hom kev thauj. Cov ntsiab teeb meem yog hais tias lub roj raug dab rau hydrogen tsheb tam sim no underdeveloped thiab yuav tsum tau loj nyiaj ntsuab nyiaj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum uas tsim hydrogen Cheebtsam yog siv xws li thee, thiab methane. Lawv heev ntau plua plav paug huab cua, thiab yog li ntawd ua kev nkag siab rau siv tau cov no xyaw rau lub hom phiaj ntawm "ib puag ncig txuag" tsis yog. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, los ntawm lub combustion ntawm pov tseg fuels muaj (ntxuav dej), tab sis nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav npaj nws, nws yog tsim nyog ho lwj cov cua moj emissions. Yog li ntawd, ntau thiab ntau cov tub txawg saib los hloov lub sab hauv combustion engine tam sim no nyob rau hauv hnub ci hlwb.
Incidentally, lub hydrogen tsis yog rau tej cim hom roj uas yuav siv tau tsuas yog nyob rau ib hom ntawm engine. Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov khoom no yog tseem ua tau kom thov kev pab thiab classic motors nrog nrog combustion xyaw. Txawm li cas los, tom qab xws li ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv, muaj txim. Lub fact tias cov hydrogen los ntawm combustion nyob rau hauv ib tug nrog combustion engine allocates tsuas 1/3 ntawm lub zog hais tias nws yuav tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb chav tsev. Txawm li cas los, engineers tau mus kho qhov no tsis muaj peev xwm. Tsaug rau cov hloov ignition system efficiency ntawm xws xyaw yog tsis txo, tab sis, theej nce ze li ntawm 1.5 lub sij hawm lub cev, ua rau lub lag luam no ntau paaj roj thiab paub tab paub xav rau ib puag ncig thiab nyiaj txiag taw tes ntawm view.
Tsis tau qhov teeb meem twb tau sau tseg tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm efficiency. Yog hais tias cov efficiency ntawm tus engineers twb tau mus nce los ntawm kev txhim kho cov ignition system, lub teeb meem xws li lub siab kub ntawm lub combustion chamber, li qub thiab pistons Burnout, lawv tsis muaj peev xwm tiv. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lub lag luam nruam, hydrogen muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm reacting nrog rau lwm Cheebtsam ntawm lub cav, xws li lubricated. Thiab tsis muaj nws lub cav heev sai sai hnav tawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, vim hais tias ntawm nws cov hydrogen volatility yuav txeem tau cov tso manifold thiab muaj nroj cig cuag. Nrog kev xav txog cov teb nrog combustion engine, lawv yog nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv ib tug yooj yim qauv thiab ib tug deb ntawm cov neeg sau yog ntau paaj rau xws li lub ntsiab roj. Nyob rau lo lus nug no, yuav ua li cas lub hydrogen cav yuav xam tau tias yog kaw.
Tus nqi
Raws li cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus, "Toyota Mirai" tsheb muag khoom pib nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 2015. Thaum xub thawj, cov novelty yuav muaj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub domestic kev ua lag luam, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nws yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov European thiab American ciaj uas muag. Cov pib nqi ntawm hydrogen "Toyota" yog 57,5 txhiab daus las. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tuam txhab muaj mus yuav lub tsheb no cov nyiaj txais nrog ib tug txhua hli them nqi ntawm 500 US dollars. Cov lawm yog tus muaj peev xwm mus tso refueling ib lub tsheb rau ib lub xyoo nyob rau ntawm lub chaw muag roj tsheb, California.
Thaum tsis muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov Japanese hydrogen tsheb "Toyota". Thaum meree, yog li nws yuav ua tau kom txog rau thaum 2016. Qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 2016 kev ua lag luam los ib tug tshiab hydrogen tsheb Honda FCV. Tab sis yuav ua li cas nrov nws yog, peb tsis twv seb, thiab tos kom txog thaum lub caij pib ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm tus tshiab "Toyota lub ntiaj teb no."
xaus
Yog li ntawd, peb pom tawm yog vim li cas nws yog li ntawd tshwj xeeb thiab yuav ua li cas lub hydrogen engine. "Toyota" - ib tug ntawm cov thawj automakers, uas tiag xav kom pib loj ntau lawm ntawm nws "tus phooj ywg environmentally khoom". Txawm li cas los, kom deb li deb tsis solved qhov teeb meem nrog roj noj thiab ib tug cheaper txoj kev uas yuav ua hydrogen, lub tuam txhab yog tsis zoo li mus tos ib tug zoo zoo nyob rau hauv muag cov cav tov.
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