Han Asparuh -Osnovatel Bulgarian Kingdom

Han Asparuh - tus thawj kav ib tug koom Bulgarian Kingdom. Feem ntau yeej tsis nyob rau hauv tej Bulgarian lub zos tsis muaj txoj kev los yog square npe nyob rau hauv nws yawm. Nws zaj dab neeg - ib tug zoo piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas ib qho khaum koom ntau pab pawg neeg thiab cov neeg ua cov neeg ntawm lub xeev.

Early biography

Qhov thib peb tus tub ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm ib tug me me pawg neeg onogondurov yuav tsis xav tias yuav zoo kawg favors ntawm nws cov niam txiv. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv, Khan Kubrat, tag nrho Bulgarian lub teb chaws raug faib nruab nrab ntawm nws ob tug tub mus rau hauv tsib qhov chaw. Qhov thib peb tub pub hwj chim tshaj ib feem ntawm qhov Bulgarian horde, thiab tau yuam kom lossi tiv thaiv nws cov neeg los ntawm cov nomads. Seem ntawm lub Bulgarian Khanate ua cov neeg yooj yim prey rau lub ceev ceev thiab tsausmuag, thiab cov Khazars, kom tsis txhob los ntshav battles, Khan Asparuh coj nws pawg neeg tshaj lub Dnieper.

Khan Asparuh yog zoo paub hais tias nws tsis yog txaus manpower los ua ib qho kev ywj thiab muaj zog lub teb chaws. Yog li ntawd nws tau pib mus nrhiav kev pab los ntawm neighboring pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub cov neeg zej zog Bulgarians twb Slavs (tarred, sab qaum teb, draguvity) thiab cov Thracians (Serbs, Astiz, miziytsy, odrissy). Nws yog ib cov neeg thiab nrhiav tau cov thawj Bulgarian lub nceeg vaj. Tov nrog lub Turkic pab pawg neeg ntawm cov Bulgarians, lawv tau muab sawv mus rau ib tug tib Bulgarian neeg.

Lub clashes nrog lub Byzantines

Rich yav qab teb Byzantium yeej ib txwm tau ib tug cua morsel rau lub nyob sib ze pab pawg neeg. Zoo li nws mus Scythians thiab ancient Russians, Bulgarians thiab txawm mus tim rau hauv no pheej hmoo ua lag ua luam nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 680. Ib xyoo tom qab, tom qab lub capture ntawm sab puav ntawm Bulgarian Danube dej thiab roob saw Stara Planina huab tais mus rau lub ntiaj teb no. Anticipating ntxiv hai tau npaj siab mus tua rov qab los ntawm Bulgarians, Constantine VI twb yuam kev thaj yeeb nrog lub Bulgarians, thiab them lawv ib tug txhua xyoo tribute. Qhov kev pom zoo kuj muab rau cov delineation ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm Byzantium thiab lub Bulgarian nceeg vaj - yog li Byzantium yog thawj lub teb chaws, uas pom tau hais tias lub hav zoov ntawm ntaub ntawv teev Bulgaria.

thawj capital

Ancient fortification Pliska yog thawj capital ntawm cov Bulgarian Kingdom. Lub nroog yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub tshiab lub xeev thiab tau zoo fortified. Yog li ntawd, nyob deb, cov seem ntawm lub pob zeb phab ntsa, arches thiab ib tug barrage ntawm shafts, uas Pliska tau ntsib intruders. Tom qab tus thawj Bulgarian faj tim teb chaws los nthuav thiab ua rau lawv ciam teb rau lwm nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm kev txhoj puab heev raids ntse Turkic haiv neeg. Yog li ntawd, tej lub nroog nyob rau hauv cov hnub muaj ib tug lub neej zoo muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab fortified chaw ntawm lub Bulgarian Kingdom.

Nyob rau hauv nws thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm lub Bulgarian kav daws ib co tseem ceeb cov teeb meem ntawm sab hauv thiab txawv teb chaws txoj cai ntawm cov hluas lub xeev. Nws regulates kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Slavic pab pawg neeg. Yuam lawv txav mus deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Bulgarian nceeg vaj nyob rau hauv sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob - mus zov lub tshiab ciam teb rau lwm lub teb chaws. Qhov kev txiav txim twb npaum li cas rau zoo yog vim li cas - lub ntsiab ntseeg ntawm lub Bulgarians yog cov Slavic pab pawg neeg, uas pom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tshiab, lwm qhov chaw uas tau ntau lawm. Ciam teb settlements phooj ywg Bulgarians Slavic pab pawg neeg yuav tsum tau txo cov kev hem thawj ntawm kev txeeb.

Khan yog noj tshiab le caag thiab los ntawm kev ntxiv zog rau ciam teb. Nws rau siab txum tim rov qab Drastur qub fortress, ua los ntawm cov ancient Loos. Muaj kuj ib co kua nplaum ntawm cov rampart, uas Khan Asparuh ntxiv dag zog rau nws cov yav qab teb ciam teb rau lwm - lawv yuav tsum havzoov txog niaj hnub Constanta thiab nyob rau hauv lub zos Crna dej nyob rau Danube.

Ntxiv nce qib Khan tsuas ruaj nws lub koob meej loj cov tub rog tus thawj coj thiab ib tug zoo kav. Nws nkag mus rau hauv ib tug sib ntaus sib tua nrog ib tug haib yeeb ncuab - Byzantium, lub Khazar Khanate thiab cov Avar Khanate, thiab txhua tus ntawm cov teb chaws tau yeej ob zaug. By pib ntawm lub xyoo lub 8 pua BC. e. Bulgarian faj tim teb chaws yog ib tug ntawm cov haib tshaj lub xeev ntawm lub sij hawm.

Cov kev tuag ntawm Khan

Cov thawj coj ntawm lub Bulgarians poob nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis zoo tib sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cov Khazars. Nws tshwm sim nyob txog xyoo 701. Tej zaum qhov vanguard ntawm lub Khan, nyob rau hauv uas yog cov feem ntau tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg nyob ze rau nws, twb rog thiaj. Khan Asparuh raug tua, raws li befits ib tug kav thiab tus tub rog - ob txhais caj npab.

Lub ntxa ntawm cov thawj Bulgarian huab tais twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Zaporizhzhya. Nyob rau hauv 2007, tus thawj coj ntawm lub seem solemnly reburied nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Veliko Tarnovo, uas yog sab ntsuj plig chaw ntawm Bulgaria. Nyob rau nws lub ntxa muaj ib tug inscription carved Laus Bulgarian ntawv - "Khan Asparuh". Biography kav ntawd - thiaj li ancient Han rov qab mus rau lub teb chaws, uas yog tsim.