Gote Teofil - kws sau paj lug ntawm lub Romantic lub sij hawm

Fabkis txoj paj huam ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua tau muab lub ntiaj teb no ib tug ntau ntawm feemxyuam sau ntawv. Ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm ua rau Gote Teofil. Ib tug critic ntawm lub Romantic tsev kawm ntawv, uas tsim dozens ntawm cov kwv huam, thiab kwv huam uas yog nrov tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv Fabkis tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws.

Tej lub neej ntawm lub kws sau paj lug

Gote Teofil yug nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 31, 1811 nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Tarbes nyob rau ciam nrog Spain. Txawm li cas los, ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd nws tsev neeg tau tsiv mus rau lub capital. Gauthier yuav luag tag nrho nws lub neej siv nyob rau hauv Paris, tswj ib tug longing rau lub yav qab teb kev nyab xeeb uas tau muab ncua ib lub cim rau nws siab luv thiab creativity.

Nyob rau hauv lub capital, Gauthier tau txais kev kawm zoo nrog ib tug humanitarian kev tsis ncaj ncees. Chiv mob siab xav nyob rau hauv painting, heev thaum ntxov los ua ib tug supporter ntawm lub Romantic zog nyob rau hauv kos duab. Nws thawj xib fwb xav Viktora Gyugo.

Cov tub hluas ntxhais kws sau paj lug yog zoo nco ntsoov hais tias los ntawm lub contemporaries rau nws kaj attire. Nws yeej tsis hloov li liab tsho khuam thiab ntev ntws plaub hau yog ib txoj kev rau ib tug romantic tub hluas thaum lub sij hawm.

thawj phau ntawv

Nws thawj sau los ntawm cov kwv huam los ntawm Gote Teofil tso nyob rau hauv xyoo 1830, thaum nws muaj 19 xyoo. Nws hu ua uncomplicated - "Kwv huam". Yuav kom qhov no lub sij hawm (kom txog rau thaum 1836) thiab muaj xws li cov feem ntau ntawm nws nto moo tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm. Qhov no paj huam, "Albertus", novels "Hluas Fabkis", "Mademoiselle de Maupin", "Fortune", "kua muag ntawm tus dab ntxwg nyoog."

Thiab yog hais tias tus thaum ntxov zaj paj huam "Albertus" sau nyob rau hauv classic romantic style, whereas nyob rau hauv lub tshiab "Hluas Fabkis" kom meej meej pom lub tswv yim cwm pwm ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv. Tus thawj yog cov simplicity thiab paj huam uas sib npaug ntev pretentiousness thiab sharpness ntawm lub classic romantic style.

paj huam kab los sib ntsib

Ntxhias critics, zoo-deserved qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub pantheon ntawm Fabkis paj huam coj Teofil Gote. Tej hauj lwm uas tsim los ntawm lawv, muab piv nrog jewels rau ib zaj paj huam, tus kws sau paj lug yuav ua hauj lwm rau ob peb lub hlis.

Nyob rau hauv thawj Piv txwv li, qhov no siv rau tus sau "Enamels thiab cameos." Saum toj no nws Gauthier ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 50-70-ies ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Nws sau devotes yam dawb feeb nyob rau yuav luag thoob plaws hauv lub xeem 20 xyoo ntawm nws lub neej. Yog tsis muaj tsuas yog, tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no sau yog txuas rau tus kheej puas thiab yaam puab paub. Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm Gote Teofil tso 6 cov ntaub ntawv "Enamels thiab cameos", txhua supplemented nrog tshiab tej hauj lwm. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv 1852 nws muaj 18 cov kwv huam, nyob rau hauv lub kawg version nyob rau hauv 1872, uas tau tso tawm ib tug ob peb lub hlis ua ntej lub kws sau paj lug tuag, nws twb 47 lyrical Miniatures.

itinerant journalist

Nws yog tseeb hais tias cov paj huam yuav tsis qoos muaj Gaultier, li ntawd, nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug journalist. Qhov no ua hauj lwm kho tsis tau tswm seeb, feem ntau hu rau nws "lub foom ntawm nws lub neej."

Nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal "Nias" Zhirardena Gote mus txog thaum tuag ua txoj satires luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub hnub. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau sau rau hauv phau ntawv, devoted mus thuam thiab txawj keeb kwm. Yog li, lub "grotesque" nyob rau hauv 1844 Gautier qhib rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv ob peb paj huam XV-XVI centuries, uas tau unjustifiably tsis nco qab lawm. Cov lawv Villon thiab Sirano De Berzherak.

Meanwhile Gauthier yog ib tug avid traveler. Kuv tau mus xyuas yuav luag tag nrho cov European lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov mus xyuas nyob rau hauv Russia. Kev mus txawv tebchaws tom qab nplooj siab sketches "Mus Russia" 1867-th thiab "Treasures ntawm Lavxias teb sab Art", 1863.

Nws mus ncig teb chaws yaam puab paub piav nyob rau hauv cov kos duab tsab ntawv Teofil Gote. Biography ntawm tus sau nyob rau hauv lawv yog kom meej meej pom. Qhov no yog qhov "Lus rau Spain", "ltalis" thiab "East". Lawv txawv los ntawm tsawg rau qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug ua hauj lwm thiab poetic sawv cev ntawm lub beauties ntawm qhov.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws tshiab

Dua li ntawm qhov muaj zog verses, feem ntau cov txawj nyeem ntawv lwm vim li cas peb paub lub npe ntawm Teofil Gote. "Tus tauj ncov loj Fracassi" - keeb kwm taug txuj kev nyuaj tshiab, thawj luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1863. Nws twb tom qab txhais ua ntau yam lus, xws li nyob Lavxias teb sab, thiab ob zaug - nyob rau hauv 1895 thiab 1957.

Qhov kev txiav txim yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Fabkis tus Louis XIII. Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm lub XVII caug xyoo. Lub protagonist - ib tug hluas Baron de Sigonyak - nyob rau hauv tsev neeg qub txeeg qub tes nyob rau hauv Gascony. Qhov no Dilapidated tsev fuabtais, uas thaum nws tsuas yog ib tug ncaj ncees tub qhe.

Txhua yam kev hloov thaum lub tsev fuabtais rau lub ntuj pub lub troupe ntawm troubadours. Hluas Baron ntog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog actress Isabella thiab ua raws li kev ntxias nyob rau hauv Paris. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev ib tug ntawm cov mej zeej ntawm lub tuam txhab tuag, thiab de Sigonyak txiav txim siab rau ib tug unprecedented chelovka rau nws raws li txoj cai thaum lub sij hawm ntawm txoj cai. Yuav kom Curry haum nrog Isabella, nws mus nyob rau theem thiab pib ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus tauj ncov loj Fracassi. Qhov no yog ib tug classic cim ntawm lub Italian Commedia dell'arte. Hauj lwm adventurer-tub rog.

Ntxiv uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug exciting detective zaj dabneeg. Isabella nrhiav kev los ntxias cov tub ntxhais Duc de Vallombrez. Peb Baron txoj kev sib tw nws mus rau ib tug duel, yeej, tab sis lub Duke tsis tso tseg nws cov me nyuam. Nws npaaj cov kidnapping ntawm Isabella ntawm Parisian tsev so, thiab xa rau ib lub hom phiaj rau de Sigonyak neeg tua neeg. Txawm li cas los, qhov kawg fiasco.

Lub xaus yog ntau zoo ib yam li Indian melodrama. Isabella yog languishing nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais ntawm cov Duke, uas rau siab muaj nws nws txoj kev hlub. Txawm li cas los, ntawm lub caij xeem, vim tsev neeg nplhaib, nws hloov tawm hais tias Isabella thiab cov Duke - ib tug tij laug thiab tus muam.

Duke thiab Baron sib raug zoo nrog, de Sigonyak yuav siv sij hawm zoo nkauj tus poj niam. Thaum kawg lub tsev neeg thiab ua tim khawv ib tug cov khoom muaj nqis nyob rau hauv ib tug qub tsev fuabtais, muab zais muaj los ntawm nws pog koob yawg koob.

legacy Gauthier

Txawm tias txoj kev hlub rau cov paj huam thiab creativity, muab lawv txaus lub sij hawm yuav tsis Teofil Gote. Tsim kwv huam ua tau zoo xwb nyob rau hauv lawv cov sij hawm spare, thiab tag nrho cov so ntawm nws lub neej nws mob siab rau journalism thiab daws teeb meem nyiaj txiag. Vim li no, muaj ntau yam ntawm cov hauj lwm twb infused nrog sau ntawv ntawm kev tu siab, feem ntau pom tau tias tsis yooj yim sua rau siv tag nrho cov kev npaj thiab cov tswv yim.

Teofil Gote tuag nyob rau hauv 1872 nyob rau hauv Neuilly, nyob ze Paris. Nws yog 61 xyoo.