Georgian surnames: kev cai ntawm kev tsim kho thiab declination piv txwv

Ntawm lwm leej lwm paub txog Georgian surnames tau yooj yim txaus. Lawv txawv los ntawm ib tug yam ntxwv structuring thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tus naas ej kawg. Cov tsev neeg tsim los ntawm cov phiajcim ntawm ob qhov chaw: hauv paus thiab thaum xaus (suffix). Piv txwv li, zoo-versed nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm neeg tau yooj yim txiav txim nyob rau hauv uas cheeb tsam muaj ntau los yog tias Georgian surnames.

keeb kwm

Lub teb chaws zaj keeb kwm hnub rov qab ob peb millennia. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm nws twb tsis muaj lub npe, thiab Georgia twb muab faib ua 2 cheeb tsam: Colchis (western) thiab Iberia (sab hnub tuaj). Xeem ntev tham nrog nws cov neeg nyob ze - Iran thiab Syria - thiab yuav luag tsis hu nrog tim Nkij teb chaws. Yog hais tias lub V xyoo pua Georgia saws cov ntseeg Vajtswv, ces los ntawm cov XIII peb hais txog nws raws li ib tug haib lub teb chaws nrog ib tug txhim khu kev qha kev sib txuas lus nrog cov nyob sab Europe sab av loj thiab sab hnub tuaj.

Lub teb chaws zaj keeb kwm yog impregnated nrog tus tawm tsam rau sovereignty, tab sis, txawm cov teeb meem, cov neeg tau mus tsim lawv tus kheej kab lis kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias tam sim no Georgian npe yuav tsum xaus nrog "dze", thiab lawv los ntawm leej niam leej txiv cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis ib tug txiv neej muaj ib lub npe xaus nyob rau hauv "-shvili" (nyob rau hauv Georgian - "tub"), ntaus nqi mus rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov neeg uas muaj tsis Kartvelian cov hauv paus hniav.

Yog hais tias lub interlocutor generic npe xaus nyob rau hauv "-ani" tus neeg paub hais tias ua ntej lawv - ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug noble tsev neeg. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub Armenians muaj ib tug zoo lub npe tom qab, tab sis nws suab zoo li "-uni".

Georgian surnames (txiv neej) xaus nrog "-ya" thiab "-ia", Mingrelian muaj cov hauv paus hniav. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm xws lus, tab sis tam sim no lawv tsis tshua siv.

Daim ntawv teev cov nrov npe los ntawm cheeb tsam

Zoo li nws los yog tsis, tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv Georgia yuav suav hais tias yog feem ntau surnames xaus nyob rau hauv "-shvili" thiab "dze". Thiab lub xeem yog feem ntau tom qab. Feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj lub npe xaus nyob rau hauv "dze", muaj nyob rau hauv Imereti, Guria thiab Adjara. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam ntawm yuav luag tsis muaj.

Thaum lub caij, lub npe rau ntawm "dze" qhab nia rau mus rau lub qub bloodlines, ntsig txog, "-shvili" - mus rau lub niaj hnub thiab tub ntxhais hluas. Tsis ntev los no (suffix yog tseem txhais li "yug") lug faib nyob rau hauv Kakheti thiab Kartli (sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws).

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tej npe

Ib tug tshwj xeeb cov pab pawg neeg ntawm generic npe no yog cov uas muaj cov nram qab kaw:

• -eti;
• -ati;
• -iti;
• -eli.

Piv txwv li, Rustaveli, Tsereteli. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau surnames nyob rau hauv Georgia muaj xws li Hvarbeti, Cheenath thiab Dzimiti.

Cov lwm pab lwm pawg muaj npe xaus nyob rau hauv "-ani": Dadian, Chikovani, Ahvelidiani. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov keeb kwm mus rau paub migrelskim rulers.

Lower loj heev muaj surnames xaus nyob rau hauv:

• -uli;
• -uri;
• -iya;
• -ava;
• Star;
• -ya.

Los ntawm txoj kev, muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv nto moo, lub hnub qub: Okudzhava, Danelia thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nws xam tau tias yog ib tug tsis tshua lom ntawm lub suffix "-nti" nrog Chansk los yog Svan keeb kwm. Piv txwv li, Glonti. Cov kuj muaj xws li lub npe, muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv uas muaj cov prefix "kuv-" lub npe ntawm tus profession.

Txhais los ntawm lub Persian nodivan - "tswv yim" thiab Mdivani txhais tau tias "scribe", Mebuke - "Bugler" thiab Menabde - "raug burkas". Qhov loj tshaj kev txaus siab yog lub npe Amilakhvari. Nrog Persian keeb kwm, nws nruab nrab yog bessufiksalnoe tsim.

tsev

Georgian surnames yog raws li nyob rau hauv tej yam cov kev cai. Thaum lub sij hawm lub kev cai raus dej ntawm lub me nyuam mos liab nws yog feem ntau muab ib lub npe. Feem ntau ntawm cov npe pib nrog nws, thiab rau nws cov kev tsim nyog tom qab ntxiv tom qab. Piv txwv li, Nikoladze Tamaridze, los yog Matiashvili Davitashvili. Tej piv txwv yog heev ib tug xov tooj.

Tab sis tseem muaj cov npe muab tau los ntawm cov Muslim (feem ntau Persian) lus. Piv txwv li, xyuas cov keeb kwm Japaridze tsev neeg. Nws stemmed los ntawm coob leej ntau tus Muslim npe Jafar. Txhais los ntawm lub Persian dzapar - "tus kws xa ntawv".

Heev feem ntau, Georgian surnames yog khi rau ib cheeb tsam. Tseeb, feem ntau cov thawj ntawm lawv muaj sawv nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm lub princely tsev neeg. Hais tias lawv muaj xws li Tsereteli. Qhov no lub npe los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub zos thiab lub fortress ntawm tib lub npe Tseretó nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Zemo.

Russification ntawm ib co Georgian surnames

Dua li ntawm qhov ntev thiab txawv txawv thaum lawv tseem ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab, Georgian surnames, penetrated rau hauv Lavxias teb sab linguistics (nyob rau hauv particular, onomastics), tsis distorted. Tab sis, raws li kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias, tej zaum, tab sis yog tsis tshua muaj, muaj mob qhov twg muaj Russification: Muskhelishvili muab rau hauv Muskheli.

Ib txhia npe yog uncharacteristic rau lub Georgian suffix: -ev, Poj niam thiab -Nyob rau hauv. Piv txwv li, Panulidzev los yog Sulakadzev.

Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub Russification ntawm tej npe nyob rau hauv lub "shvili" ntau heev muaj ib tug yuav txo tau. Yog li, Avalishvili puv rau hauv Aval Baratov - Baratashvili Sumbatashvili - Sumbatov etc. Koj hu tau tseem muaj ntau lwm yam kev xaiv uas peb yuav siv los coj dua lub Lavxias teb sab ...

Declination Georgian surnames

Declinability los yog nesklonyaemost nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws yog npaum li cas. Piv txwv li, lub npe xaus nyob rau hauv -iya - declinability, thiab -ia - tsis muaj.

Tab sis niaj hnub no, ib qho nyuaj moj khaum uas hwm rau lub declination ntawm cov npe tsis muaj nyob. Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm yuav muab faib ua 3 cov kev cai, raws li uas tus poob yog tsis tau:

1. Txiv neej daim ntawv yog zoo li tus poj niam.
2. Xeem lub npe xaus nyob rau hauv unstressed cim (piv -s).
3. Nws muaj lus -ia, -iya.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv no peb tus neeg mob, nuj nqis txiv neej tsis poj niam lub npe yog tsis raug tsis kam. Piv txwv: Garcia Heredia.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias induce undesirable npe nrog qhov xaus -N. Piv txwv yog ib tug neeg Georgiya Gurtskaya, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv, qhov chaw uas nws yog sau: "mas pej xeem Georgiyu Gurtskomu". Yog li, nws puv tawm, ib tug tib neeg lub npe - Gurtskaya, uas yog tsis heev raug rau Georgia, thiab lub npe loses nws tsw.

Yog li, linguists tsis qhia kom koj yaum tau Georgian surnames thiab pom zoo rau ib qho zuj zus txog thaum kawg. Muaj mob thaum sau tawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj ib tug kev hloov ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lub kawg. Piv txwv li, es tsis txhob sau ntawv Gulia Gulia, thiab qhov no lub npe muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog Georgia muaj tsis tau.

Lub chaw ntawm cov npe nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis

Hauv qab no yog ib cov lus nyob qhov twg muaj qhia cov feem ntau xaus ntawm Georgian surnames. Cia peb xav txog lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam thiab nrhiav tau tawm nyob rau hauv dab tsi cheeb tsam lawv yog cov feem ntau.

End -shvili thiab dze nyob rau hauv surnames (Georgian)

Thaum lub caij, linguists paub qhov txawv 13 ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, ib tug loj loj heev ntawm cov npe tau txais los ntawm dze, uas txhais txhais tau tias "tus tub". Piv txwv li, Kebadze, Gogitidze, Shevardnadze. Raws li statistics rau 1997 nrog rau lub xeem lub npe xaus yog ntawm 1.649.222 cov neeg nyob rau Georgia.

Qhov thib ob qhov chaw nyob rau hauv loj heev yuav siv sij hawm tom qab -shvili (Kululashvili, Peikrishvili, Elerdashvili), uas translates li "tus me nyuam", "tus me nyuam" los yog "xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv". Raws li ntawm 1997, muaj kwv yees li 1.303.723 npe nrog no xaus. Greater loj heev lawv tau txais nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Kartli thiab Kakheti.