Fonvizin, "Tus Me": kev tsom xam ntawm cov khoom, yam ntxwv ntawm heroes

Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov comedy, uas yog tsim los ntawm Fonvizin ( "Oaf"). Qhov tsom xam ntawm no ua hauj lwm - lub ntsiab ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm. Qhov no ua si yog ib tug masterpiece ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Qhov no ua hauj lwm muaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab classical ntaub ntawv. Nws yuav ib tug series ntawm "nyob mus ib txhis teeb meem". Thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm siab style thiab niaj hnub no attracts ntau nyeem. Lub npe ntawm no piece yog kev cob cog rua nrog Peter Kuv muab ib tug decree hais tias "ignoramus" (cov tub ntxhais nobles) yog txwv tsis pub tsis muaj kev kawm ntawv ua qhov kev pab cuam thiab sib yuav.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm cov kev ua si

Txawm nyob rau hauv 1778 muaj ib lub tswv yim ntawm no comedy los ntawm tus sau, uas yog Fonvizin. "Lub Me", uas peb xav nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam, sau nyob rau hauv 1782 thiab nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, hais rau cov pej xeem. Nws yuav tsum luv luv highlight lub creation ntawm cov kev ua si ntawm kev txaus siab rau peb.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Catherine II sau Fonvizin "Oaf." Analysis ntawm lub cim qhia hauv qab no, qhia tau hais tias lawv yog cov heroes ntawm lawv lub sij hawm. Lub sij hawm ntawm Catherine II kav nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb lub teb chaws yog txuam nrog rau cov dominance ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm enlightened monarchy. Lawv borrowed los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Fabkis Enlightenment. Cov kis ntawm cov tswv yim no, lawv zoo muaj koob meej ntawm lub kawm middle chav kawm ntawv thiab cov nom tswv cajceg pab lom zem ntau Empress. Nws yog paub tias yuav tau corresponded nrog Diderot, Voltaire, d'Alembert. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Catherine II qhib tsev qiv ntawv thiab tsev kawm ntawv, kev txhawb los ntawm ntau yam txhais tau tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kos duab thiab kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv Russia.

Ntxiv rau piav qhia txog lub comedy, uas yog tsim los ntawm DI Fonvizin ( "The Me"), xav txog nws tus yam ntxwv, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias, raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm nws cov era, tus sau, ntawm chav kawm, muab qhia rau tus tswv yim uas prevailed thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv noble zej zog. Nws sim muaj kev cuam tshuam lawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm, rau cov txawj nyeem thiab viewers pom tsis tau tsuas yog qhov zoo yam, tab sis kuj taw tawm kom raug thiab omissions.

"Lub Me" - ib tug qauv ntawm classicism

Analysis ntawm lub comedy "Lub Me" Fonvizina xav tau kev pab yuav tau xav txog qhov no daim raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug kev cai era thiab txawj kev lig kev cai. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws classical qauv. Nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si, muaj kev sib sau ntawm cov kev txiav txim (nws tsis nrhiav theem nrab storylines, qhia txog ib tug nriaj los ntawm cov tes ntawm Sophia thiab nws tej khoom vaj tse), qhov chaw (cim tshaj ntev ncua kev tsis txav, tag nrho cov txheej xwm coj qhov chaw yog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev Prost, los yog sab hauv), thiab lub sij hawm ( tsis tau ntau tshaj li ib hnub, tag nrho cov txheej xwm). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, siv ntawm "hais lus" cov npe uas yog cov tsoos rau lub classic ua si, Fonvizin ( "Oaf"). Qhov tsom xam qhia tau hais tias, raws li cov kev lig kev cai, nws muab faib rau nws cov cim rau hauv zoo thiab tsis zoo. Zoo - nws PRAVDIN, Staro, Milo, Sophia. Lawv contrasts Prostakov, Mitrofan, Skotinin DI Fonvizin (ua si "Lub Oaf"). Analysis ntawm lawv cov npe qhia tau hais tias lawv muab tus nyeem ntawv to taub dab tsi nta nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug cim no kuj. Piv txwv li, lub embodiment ntawm morality thiab qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv cov khoom yog PRAVDIN.

Tus tshiab ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm comedy, nws cov nta

"Lub Me" nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm creation yog ib tug tseem ceeb kauj ruam rau pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv particular ua yeeb yam. Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin tsim ib tug tshiab ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm comedy thiab kev nom kev tswv. Nws yog sib haum xeeb ua ke ib tug series ntawm cov dluab nrog sarcasm, irony, tis muaj tiag scenes ntawm lub neej ntawm ib co zoo tib yam high zej zog (cov nom tswv cajceg) tshaj tawm txog morality, kev tsim txiaj, tsim nyog txoj kev kawm ntawv ntawm tib neeg zoo uas xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv lub Enlightenment. Qhia monologues nrog lub xaav ntawm cov kev ua si yog tsis ris lub nra. Lawv Nkij los txuam rau cov hauj lwm no, nrog rau cov tshwm sim hais tias nws yuav ntau no:.

Tus thawj txiav txim

5 kev ua muab faib ua si, uas nws sau - Fonvizin ( "Oaf"). Analysis ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm yuav qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub koom haum ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau hauv thawj ua peb ntsib nrog Prost, Pravdin, Sophia, Mitrofan, Skotinin. Cim cim ua teeb meem tam sim ntawd, thiab tus nyeem ntawv realizes hais tias Skotinin thiab Prost - lub heroes ntawm qhov tsis zoo, thiab Sophia thiab PRAVDIN - zoo. Nyob rau hauv thawj txiav txim tshwm sim thiab raug ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm txoj hlua. Raug peb tau ntsib nrog rau cov cim, peb kawm tau hais tias qhov kev kho mob ntawm Prost nyob Sophia, uas yog yuav mus kom dhau tawm Skotinin. Nyeem ntawv los ntawm cov Starodum - qhov no khi ua si. Sophie tam sim no pom nws tus kheej ib tug heiress. Los ntawm ib hnub rau ib hnub nws tus txiv ntxawm rov qab mus rau coj nws mus rau nws.

Uas nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si, uas yog tsim los ntawm Fonvizin ( "Oaf")

Analysis ntawm cov khoom yuav ua ntxiv mus piav txog yuav ua li cas cov txheej xwm tsim. 2nd, 3rd thiab 4th txiav txim - nws yog lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Peb yeej paub txog Starodumov thiab Milo. Prost thiab Skotinin Starodumov ua kom haum, tab sis lawv cov uas tsis tseeb ntxias, falsehood, ignorance thiab enormous greed tsuas repels. Lawv saib ua dag thiab tsis zoo. Qhov tseem funny scenes ntawm no ua hauj lwm yog rau daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas Mitrofan, thaum lub sij hawm uas exposes folly ntawm tsis tsuas yog cov tub ntxhais hluas, tab sis kuj nws niam.

Lub culmination thiab denouement

5 txiav txim - qhov climax thiab denouement. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias views ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm nyob rau hauv dab tsi yuav tsum tau kev raws li lub culmination point, sib txawv. Muaj 3 nrov tshaj plaws version. Tus thawj yog hais tias qhov no kidnapping Prostakova Sophia, raws li lub thib ob - nyeem Pravdin tsab ntawv, uas hais tias nyob rau hauv nws tutelage mus qub txeeg qub tes Prostakova, thiab thaum kawg, peb version - npau taws heev heev Prostakova tom qab nws realizes nws tus kheej impotence, thiab yog ua kom "tau txawm "nyob rau hauv nws cov tub qhe. Tuas txhua tus ntawm cov versions, raws li xyuas los ntawm ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm view, peb xav nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Ua ntej, rau Piv txwv li, tseem ceeb rau hauv storyline mob siab mus yuav Sophia. Analysis comedy rov Fonvizina "Oaf" txuam nrog kev sib yuav, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tso cai rau peb xav txog nws tseem ceeb heev ua hauj lwm. Qhov thib ob version ntawm cov kev ua si tshuaj xyuas qhov kev coj thiab kev nom kev tswv taw tes ntawm view, qhov tseem ceeb ib lub sij hawm thaum lub qub txeeg qub tes yog qhia kev ncaj ncees. Qhov thib peb tsom ntsoov rau qhov keeb kwm, raws li uas Prost yog lub personification ntawm ib tug bygone tsis muaj zog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab hom phiaj ntawm lub qub nom tswv cajceg, uas, li cas los xij, tseem tsis tau ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej yeej. Qhov no nom tswv cajceg, raws li tus sau, raws li nyob rau hauv unenlightened ignorance thiab tsawg morals. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm interchanges tag nrho tawm Prostakov. Nws tau tsis muaj dab tsi sab laug. Taw rau nws Starodum hais tias nws yog "tsim nyog txiv hmab txiv ntoo" "zlonraviya".

tsis zoo cim

Raws li peb tau twb tau sau tseg, lub ntsiab cim yog kom meej meej muab faib ua zoo thiab tsis zoo. Mitrofan, Skotinin thiab Prost - villains. Prost - poj niam, nrhiav nyiaj, ruam, tsis paub, overbearing. Nws yeej paub yuav ua li cas coj kom zoo dua dag ntxias. Txawm li cas los, Prost hlub nws tus tub. "Duab ntxoov ntxoo" tus poj niam zoo nkaus li Innocents. Qhov no tsis muaj zog-willed cim. Nws cov lus txhais tau tias me ntsis. Skotinin yog tus tij laug ntawm Mrs. Prostakova. Nws yog raws li ruam thiab ruam neeg, zoo nkauj brutal, zoo li nws tus muam, siab hlob rau cov nyiaj. Rau nws taug kev mus rau lub npua nyob rau hauv farmyard - qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Mitrofan - ib tug raug tub ntawm nws niam. Qhov no puas tub hluas ntawm 16 xyoo, uas tau txais los ntawm nws tus txiv ntxawm txoj kev hlub rau npua.

Yog muaj lus nug ntawm kinship thiab caj

Nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg, ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw yog muab rau qhov teeb meem ntawm tsev neeg ties thiab qub txeeg qub teg Fonvizin ( "Oaf"). Nyob rau hauv cais lo lus nug no, cia hais tias, piv txwv li, hais tias Prost tsuas sib yuav nws tus txiv ( "yooj yim" txiv neej uas tsis xav tau ib tug ntau). Txawm li cas los, nws yeej Skotinin akin rau nws tus kwv. Tus tub nws sib txuas ntxiv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm nws niam nws txiv - "tsiaj" Zoo thiab stupidity los ntawm leej niam thiab leej txiv ntawm ib tug tsis kam muab.

Zoo li cov kinship yuav tsum havzoov ntawm Sofia thiab Starodumov. Ob leeg ntawm lawv yog cov neeg ncaj ncees, tsim txiaj, educated. Tus ntxhais mloog nws tus txiv ntxawm ua tib zoo respects nws, "soaks li" science. officers ntawm opposites tsim tsis zoo thiab zoo cim. Cov me nyuam - ib tug muab zibntab ruam Mitrofan maj thiab ntse Sophia. Niam thiab txiv hlub lawv cov me nyuam, tab sis kom haum lawv txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev - Starodub hais rau tej yam ntawm qhov tseeb, yawm, morality, thiab Prost xwb spoils Mitrofan thiab hais tias nws tsis yog pab tau kev kawm ntawv. Ib tug khub ntawm nraug vauv - Milo, uas pom qhov zoo tagnrho thiab nws tus phooj ywg Sophie, uas hlub nws, thiab Skotinin suav tus mob hais tias nws yuav tau txais tom qab marrying tus ntxhais no. Sophia nyob rau tib yam li ib tug txiv neej nws tsis nyiam. Skotinin tsis txawm sim los npaj nws tus nkauj nyab xis kev pab. Simpletons thiab PRAVDIN yog cov ua tau "lub suab ntawm qhov tseeb", ib yam ntawm cov "pub". Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm official peb nrhiav tau active quab yuam, kev pab thiab tiag txiav txim, thiab cov Innocents - passive cim. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb uas kuv yuav hais no hero - Mitrofan reproach nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm cov kev ua si.

Cov teeb meem tsa los ntawm tus sau

Cais Fonvizina khoom, nws yog tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov saum toj no officers cais cim lees paub tias teeb meem uas qhia tawm nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev kawm ntawv (uas yog complemented los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm cov xib fwb dropouts ntaus Kuteikin thiab impostors xws li Vralman), kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov niam txiv thiab cov me nyuam, tsev neeg lub neej, kev sib raug ntawm cov txij nkawm, kev sib raug zoo ua nom ua tswv rua cov tub qhe. Los ntawm cov plaub ntawm kev kawm tswv yim peb kawm txhua yam ntawm cov teeb meem no. Fonvizin, kom yuav pab nws ua kom pom tseeb rau hauv lub shortcomings ntawm lub era los ntawm kev siv ntawm tav laus txoj kev, lub haum yog nyob rau qhov yuav tsum tau hloov outdated, tsoos tau ua sob me nyuam yaus. Lawv yog twv rau hauv ib lub hav iav ntawm stupidity, zlonraviya piv neeg rau tej tsiaj txhu.

Raws li qhia los ntawm peb ntsuam ntawm Fonvizin ua si "Cov Me", lub ntsiab lub tswv yim thiab lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom - yuav tsum tau mus kawm ntawv rau cov nom tswv cajceg, nyob rau hauv raws li cov hom phiaj ntawm lub Enlightenment, cov me nyuam yaus uas yog cov niaj hnub no.