Flemish lus: keeb kwm kev loj hlob thiab cov yeeb yam

Cov lus Flemish siv los ntawm tsib lab tus neeg uas nyob rau sab qaum teb Belgium (qhov no yog hu ua Flanders), thiab txog 200,000 nyob rau Fabkis fab ntawm Nor. Xa mus rau German ceg ntawm tsev neeg Indo-European.

Cov neeg uas hais lus Flemish

Flemings yog ze rau cov neeg Dutch. Txij li thaum era ntawm Roman Empire thiab kom txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua XIV, lawv maj mus nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw uas niaj hnub - lub qaum teb ntawm Belgium. Txij thaum lub xyoo pua 16th Flemish lus tau ua tib yam li cov lus Dutch. Kev hloov pauv tom qab qhov faib ntawm Holland thiab Belgium: ib lub teb chaws tau txais kev ywj pheej thiab pom zoo Protestantism, thiab nyob rau lwm qhov, Catholicism thiab domination ntawm txawv teb chaws lub zog tau muab tso ua ke. Yog li, nyob rau hauv XVII-XVIII centuries Flemish lus tsim nws tus kheej, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov Dutch.

Xyoo 1830, lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Belgium tau txais kev ywj pheej. Txij thaum ntawd los, Flemish pib qhia lawv txoj kev tsis txaus siab txog ntawm Flemish, vim hais tias nws tseem raug suav hais tias yog ib qhov kev hloov hauv zos. Kev siv ntawm cov lus siv rau cov qauv sau ntawv yog txuas nrog qee qhov teeb meem, vim hais tias muaj nyiaj thiab kawm ntawv Flemish tau hais lus Fab Kis.

Keeb kwm

Cov lus Flemish, uas nyuaj qhia, vim nws muaj kev sib txawv hauv kev sau ntawv thiab kev hais lus, muaj keeb kwm zoo thiab nyuaj nyuaj ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Qhov kawg ntawm XIX xyoo pua, lub xeev Belgian tsuas yog muaj cov lus Fab Kis hais lus. Txij li thaum 1873 Flemish lus yog lub xeev lus hauv Belgium ntawm kev sib npaug nrog Fabkis. Thaum kawg ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thoob Ntiaj Teb, muaj kev poob rau hauv kev lag luam hlau thiab steel kev lag luam thiab cov chaw lag luam.

Cov xwm txheej no tau tshwm sim los ntawm Flemish, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tau txog 55% ntawm cov pejxeem, kev ntshaw txog kev hloov hauv kev nom tswv thiab, feem ntau, kev coj noj coj ua. Xyoo 1968, muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Fabkis thiab Flemish rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm University of Louvain: ob pab pawg neeg ntawm cov pej xeem tsis tau txiav txim siab tias yam lus yuav tsum raug qhia hauv lub tsev kawm no.

Qhov tshwm sim yog ib co kev cai ntawm xyoo 1970, nrog kev pab ntawm ib hom lus ciam ntawm ob lub teb chaws tau tsim, ib qho ntawm cov yuav tsum siv tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws hauv txhua lub xeev cov tsev kawm ntawv rau hom Flanders. Lub Flemish Council, hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kab lis kev cai, nyob rau xyoo 1973 hloov nws lub Dutch.

Tam sim no qhov teeb meem

Yuav kom tau ib txoj haujlwm hauv txhua lub xeev qhov chaw hauv Belgium, koj yuav tsum paub ob hom lus. Nws yog txog Flemish thiab, tau kawg, Fabkis. Walloons, tig mus, muaj kev tsis txaus siab nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev kawm lus ib hom lus uas tsuas yog 22 lab tus neeg, suav nrog cov pej xeem nyob hauv Netherlands. Flemings (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas tuav lub chaw ua haujlwm), ua ib hom kua zaub ntsuab txhob txwm tsis kam hais lus Fabkis. Raws li lub ntsiab lus "Flemish language", ntxiv nrog rau nws lub ntsiab lus ncaj qha, hnub no nws yog feem ntau siv los ua ib lub npe rau East thiab West Flemish dialects.

Hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov ceg-ciam, ib tus tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov paib ntawm Fab Kis thiab lub npe ntawm qhov chaw hauv Dutch. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias ntau lub nroog muaj ob hom. Yog li, yog tias koj tab tom npaj mus rau Mons ntawm Flemish cov chaw ua haujlwm, ces koj mus rau Bergen, Liege - Luik, Namur - Namen thiab hais txog. Thiab vice versa. Koj puas xav mus xyuas Mechelen? Ces paub: Fabkis lub npe ntawm lub nroog no zoo li Malin, Berne - Fürn, Ieper - Ypres. Nws tseem tsis tshua paub vim li cas cov tub ceev xwm hauv lub xeev tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov kev ua yeeb yam thiab tib lub sijhawm kev tu siab los ntawm kev txhim kho cov kev qhia ob hom lus.

Yam ntxwv

Raws li phonetics, Flemish txawv ntawm hom lus Dutch nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov yeeb yam hauv hais (piv txwv li, tiav tsis muaj kev ruaj khov nres). Rau cov qauv sau ntawv, nws yog tus cwj pwm mus sib cais cais peb lub cuav nrog kev pab los ntawm tus kheej pronouns. Kuj tseem ceeb ntawm Flemish lus yog qhov kev nplua mias ntawm Gallicisms.

Dialects

Muaj plaub hom Flemish lus:

• Cov ntiv tes hu ua Brabant;

• Flemish East;

• Flemish thaj;

• Lub Limburger.

Dialects ntawm ob pawg dhau los yog tam sim no feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub hais lus ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws thiab muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm tus txheem Dutch.

Nyob rau hauv Belgium, lub Limburgish tseem yog suav hais tias yog ib hom lus. Txij xyoo 1997, hauv Netherlands, nws tau lees paub tias yog ib hom lus ywj siab, Dutch thiab Flemish. Lawv hais qhov twg hauv lub nroog Limburg? Qhov no yog feem ntau sab hnub tuaj hauv tebchaws Netherlands, thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Belgium.

Western Flemish dialects yog siv los ntawm cov pejxeem nyob sab hnub poob ntawm Flanders. Qhov kev faib ntau ntawm pawg no yog piav qhia los ntawm kev txav ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv hauv zos thib ob ntawm XIX caug xyoo, uas khwv tau tawm tsam cov txheej txheem lus Dutch.

Hnub caiv ntawm Flemish Community

Kev ua koob tsheej no ntog rau lub Xya Hli 11. Nyob rau hauv 1302, lub npe nrov Kattle of Kurtrei coj qhov chaw ntawm Flemish thiab Fabkis knights. Cov tom kawg hauv khib nyiab ntawm Flanders thiab nws cov lus. Cov neeg Flemish no ua siab tawv sawv los tiv thaiv lawv lub teb chaws los ntawm kev tsim ib cov tub rog ntawm pawg hneev nti thiab hneev taw. Flanders yeej yog ib qho tsis muaj kev sib tw nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Li ntawd, nyob deb, niaj hnub Belgium, ua kev zoo siab rau hnub so ntawm lub koom haum Flemish koom siab. Nyob rau hnub no muaj cov nqi khoom plig thiab cov theatrical ua yeeb yam tsim los qhia cov pej xeem ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawg koob uas tawm tsam rau nws.