Fine-wool breeds ntawm yaj: qhov kev piav qhia thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm

Fine-wool breeds ntawm yaj - ib tug yaj nrog ib tug nyias, ntev-haired thiab yeej ib txwm niaj hnub. Cov plaub hau thickness nyob rau hauv downy cover xws tsiaj feem ntau tsawg tshaj li 25 microns. Tus qauv ntawm lub zoo-wool yaj wool muaj ib tug staple. Nyob rau hauv Russia, ob peb hom bred tsiaj ntawm no pab pawg neeg.

General cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zoo-wool yaj breeds

Cov plaub hau nyob hauv lub RNC ntawm no tsiaj yog tsis tsuas yog me me nyob rau hauv thickness tab sis kuj yog ib tug txiav txim siab ntev -. Ib tug nruab nrab ntawm 9 cm Qhov no wool yog yus muaj los ntawm yam mob loj heev tortuosity. Ib tug centimeter ntev ntawm cov plaub hau yuav nyiaj kom mus txog rau 6-8 vuag. Feem ntau, cov yaj tau zoo-tsim lub cev pob txha, tab sis tsis zoo tsim cov leeg. Grazing ntawm cov tsiaj feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv arid steppe grasslands.

Lub ntsiab ntau ntau yam

Tag nrho cov breeds zoo-wool yaj yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob yam loj xws li:

• nqaij thiab wool (polutonkorunnyh);

• wool (tonkorunnoj).

Ib txhia zoo-wool yaj breeds yog bred nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, rau lwm yam - zoned. Heev feem ntau, cov tswv teb nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yog zus:

• Soviet Merino;

• Salskaya tsiaj;

• Stavropol.

Polutonkorunnyh nrov hom:

• Yuzhnouralskaya;

• Kazakh;

• prekos.

Tonkorunnoj, polutonkorunnyh breeds ntawm yaj, raws li zoo raws li lub li ib txwm nqaij, feem ntau yus muaj los ntawm simplicity ntawm txij nkawm thiab endurance.

Soviet merino

Yaj ntawm no ib yam tsiaj bred nyob rau hauv Russia yuav luag qhov txhia chaw. Muaj ob pab pawg ntawm cov Soviet merino yaj - nqaij thiab wool thiab wool. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm no ib yam tsiaj yog ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm suint. Feem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm zoo-wool yaj ntawm nws cov nuj nqis siab dua qub, 2 lub sij hawm. Soviet merino yog muaj ib tug tsis muaj nws. Yog li ntawd, lawv cov plaub hau feem ntau dov mats. Dua li no me ntsis disadvantage, Soviet Merino yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau zoo-fleeced breeds.

Qhov no yaj twb bred nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union ntawm 1925 thiab 1938. Niam Txiv tsiaj los ua ntxhib-Stavropol (lub tsev me nyuam) thiab zoo-fleeced Grozny (yaj). Tsho tiv no xim nyob rau hauv cov yaj yuav ashen, grey los yog dawb thiab daj. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tus yug Chais ya cov plaub yog tuab heev, ntev, thiab muaj ib tug qhia tau tortuosity. Nyob rau hauv neeg laus yaj shearing mus rau lub sab saum toj nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, nws yog tsis pom mus rau lub qhov muag.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Soviet merino heev unpretentious. Lub caij ntuj no lawv nqa zoo xwb. Pub lawv nyob rau txhua lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis - Lub peb hlis ntuj, lawv zoo siab hlo ua noj xws li heev qhuav nyom. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov ntev grazing txawm nrog neeg pluag zaub thawv rau cov yaj yog pab tau ntau tshaj cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv tus cwj mem. Ntaub plaub tsiaj clip nyob rau hauv no ib yam tsiaj uas cov yaj tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv 10-14 kg.

Salskaya yaj

Fine-wool yaj breeds feem ntau heev nyob deb deb yog tsis distilled. Salskaya yaj yog ib tug qab ntxiag kos rau txoj cai. Tsiaj txhu ntawm no ib yam tsiaj raug bred los ntawm hla Rostov Merino ewes nrog rams Rambouillet.

Zoo rau lub Salsk yaj, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau high tsim tau, muaj xws li endurance thiab lub peev xwm mus ua zaus tshaj ntev heev mus. Tus luj ntawm no ib yam tsiaj uas cov yaj tej zaum yuav mus txog 90-110 kg ewes - 56 kg. Chais ya cov plaub nyob rau hauv Salsk yaj kaw, nyias, ntev, muaj ib tug dawb huv dawb xim. Nyob rau ib lub ntawm cov tsev me nyuam yuav chais ya cov plaub 7 kg ntaub plaub, thiab nrog ib tug ram - mus txog rau 17 kg. Qhov zoo ntawm tus yug menyuam, cov lwm yam, txog thiab siab fertility. Cov yaj yog bred tsuas yog nyob rau Rostov cheeb tsam.

Stavropol

Ib txhia zoo-wool yaj breeds no kuj tshav kub-hlub. Yog hais txog cov hom, e.g., yaj Stavropol. Tsiaj txhu ntawm no ib yam tsiaj raug bred nyob rau yug me nyuam rau ua liaj ua teb "Soviet Chais ya cov plaub" nyob rau hauv lub Stavropol cheeb tsam. Pom zoo tus yug nyob rau hauv 1950. Khoom rau nws creation tau txais kev pab novokavkazskie merino, twb tsis heev tuab cov plaub hau, tab sis zoo yoog mus rau hauv zos tej yam kev mob.

Raug Stavropol cov yaj yog ob folds ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv lub caj dab thiab swill. Tsim kom muaj lawv muaj zog heev. Uterine no tsiaj tej zaum yuav mus txog ib tug luj ntawm 56 kg. Ntaub plaub tsiaj clip nrog lawv yog hais txog 6 kg.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov Stavropol yaj xam tau tias yog saggy lub nroog Yeiuxalees nyob rau hauv ib co neeg thiab nqua converging nyob rau hock.

South Ural yaj

Yog li, peb yuav pom tawm dab tsi ib yam tsiaj uas cov yaj yog zoo-wool. Qhov saum toj no hom nrov heev nyob rau hauv lawv cov cheeb tsam thiab muab ib tug zoo lub tsho tiv no. Ib tug ntau disadvantage ntawm xws tsiaj tsis yog tsuas yog siab dhau heev lawm ceeb thawj. Yog li ntawd, breeders muaj ob peb breeds ntawm yaj polutonkorunnyh nqaij twb muab tau.

Yuzhnouralskaya yaj twb tau nyob rau hauv 1968 nyob rau hauv lub xeev ua liaj ua teb "Lub kaum hli ntuj" thiab lawv yog. Marx Orenburg thaj av ntawd. Xaiv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no siv lub zos ntxhib wool yaj lub tsev me nyuam thiab German prekos. Tus aim ntawm qhov kev ua hauj lwm yog los ua kom paub ib tug tshiab polutonkorunnoj yug menyuam, yoog mus rau tej yam kev mob ntawm lub Urals thiab cov Volga cheeb tsam.

Qhov no yog hais txog mus rau lub productivity ntawm yaj nqaij thiab wool pab pawg neeg. Pawg neeg laus South Ural ram yuav ncav cuag 110-120 kg Uterine - 55-60 kg. Plaub tsiaj ntawm no ib yam tsiaj yog ntev (8-9 cm) Merino dawb. Tortuosity nws tau hais. Ntaub plaub tsiaj roj los ntawm yaj Yuzhnouralskaya zoo. Lub rams ntawm no ib yam tsiaj yuav tsum yog horned thiab hornless. Ntaub plaub tsiaj clip nrog ib tug neeg laus lub tsev me nyuam muab 4.5-5 kg. Nrog rau ram yuav siv sijhawm txog li 12 kg.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm no ib yam tsiaj yog heev taxing, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv nws yuav luag tsis muaj. Los ntawm cons xws li South Ural yaj xwb tsis muaj fertility thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm lub qhuav staple Chais ya cov plaub saum. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias no ib yam tsiaj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov yug me nyuam ua hauj lwm tswj kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm wool.

yaj prekos

Qhov no nrov ib yam tsiaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv Fabkis nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo. Nws los ua lub hauv paus rau cov kawm lus Askiv Leicester lub tsev me nyuam thiab Fabkis Rambouillet. Cov hauj lwm txheej txheem ntawm tus yug tau tsim rau hauv 1929. Nyob rau hauv Russia prekos yog txaus thermophilic hom, bred tsuas yog xwb nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cov cheeb tsam - nyob rau hauv lub Bryansk, Kursk cheeb tsam thiab lwm yam ...

Tsho tiv no xim nyob rau hauv cov yaj yuav ua tau cov mis nyuj-lee, off-dawb, tsaus grey los yog xuab zeb. Nyhav rams nce mus txog 100-130 kg ewes - 60-70 kg. Yaj Cov txaj muag, tab sis heev mloog lus. Grazing prekos zoo xaiv cuam kawb struts. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev kho mob ntawm cov yaj yog unpretentious.

Nws yog hais txog ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm cov pob zeb prekos nqaij thiab plaub yaj. Chais ya cov plaub cov yaj yog haum tuab. Nrog ib tug shear ram yuav ua tau mus txog rau 9 kg wool, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev me nyuam - 5.

Kazakh zoo-fleeced yam tsiaj uas cov yaj: piav qhia

Qhov no ib yam tsiaj twb tau los ntawm hla prekos uas muaj muaj roj-tailed ewes. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tus Kazakh yaj khaws cia los ntawm cov tswv teb nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj Kazakhstan. Lawv txawv nta yog ib tug muaj zog Constitution thiab endurance. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig kom lub pasture. Tus luj ntawm no ib yam tsiaj laus ram nce mus txog 100 kg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug tib neeg yuav chais ya cov plaub 3.5-7 kg ntawm zoo tsis muaj plaub.

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug xaus

Fine-wool breeds ntawm yaj thiab polutonkorunnyh li bred nyob rau hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Ib txhia ntawm lawv, raws li tau pom, yuav tsum tau zoo tuaj. Lwm yam drawbacks yog suab deprived. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, kev kawm rau cov kev cai ntawm cov ntsiab lus technologies, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no hom yuav tau mus tsim ib tug ntau ntawm high-zoo wool, thiab nteg qe lawv yuav ua tau ib tug teeb meem ntawm heev muaj txiaj ntsim.