Dimmer: Circuit Court connectivity, xyuas. Dimmer - yog dab tsi?

Cov neeg siv cov thaj chaw rau txawv hom phiaj, thiab cov kev khiav dej num yuav tsum tau sib txawv teeb pom kev zoo tej yam kev mob. Nws yog yooj yim yuav tau kho cov dimmer - ib tug hluav taws xob ntaus ntawv uas tso cai rau los mus hloov lub teeb theem ntawm "yuav luag tsaus ntuj nti" kom txog thaum tiav visibility los tsuas tig lub pob qhov rooj los yog zawv zawg caj npab.

Yog vim li cas dimmers?

Nyob sab hauv tsev teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv lub tsev yog qho tseem ceeb heev. Theem ntawm txhua chav dictates dab tsi koj muaj peev xwm thiab yuav tsis ua li cas, thiab nws muaj ib tug tej yam loj loj nyob rau hauv koj txoj kev xav. Piv txwv li, koj tsis tau nyeem ib zaug xwb tswm ciab, tab sis ib tug romantic noj hmo rau ob tej zaum yuav tsis zoo li qab ntxiag ib tug 1.5-kilomatt halogen lub teeb.

Niaj hnub nimno dimmers, dimming e.g. Legrand, pub rau ntseeg nkaws kho cov illumination teeb nrog yaj ntawm ntau hom.

resistor dimmers

Thaum xub thawj, yuav tau kho cov teeb theem yog siv ib tug heev yooj yim tshuaj - ib tug kuj sib txawv thiab resistor cob cog raws li ib tug dimmer. Nws muab? Tej wirewound resistor yog ib tug nyias hlau, uas tsim ib tug tej yam (nominal tus nqi nyob rau hauv raws li) tus kuj mus zog ntawm hluav taws xob nqi. Tus tsim ntawm lub nce mus nce los resistor, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub resistive khoom thiab ob tsau hu, ntxiv lwm thiab cov mus sib cuag nrog nws xaus. Los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob Circuit Court ib lub caij txuas mobile thiab ib tug ntawm cov tsau hu.

Nyob rau hauv no kev tsim kho, tag nrho cov kuj ntawm lub resistor yog varied los kho qhov kev ncua deb uas tus nqi muaj kis tau los ntawm resistive khoom, tab sis tsuas yog hais lus - qhov ntev ntawm hlau los ntawm lub tsau mus rau lub rooj noj sib cuag. Yog hais tias lub rooj noj hu yog nyob ze ntawm lub tsau (kev cob cog rua rau hauv Circuit Court), lub resistor yog tsawg heev. Yog hais tias nws yog txav mus rau lub thib ob tas hu, tus nqi muaj kis tau los ntawm resistive khoom.

Thaum tus nqi yog tau tsiv los ntawm hluav taws xob rog los ntawm cov resistor, nws lub zog yog poob raws li thaum tshav kub kub. Yog hais tias koj tso ib tug resistor nyob rau hauv lub series Circuit Court, lub zog losses nyob rau hauv nws ua ib tug coj voltage nco thoob plaws lub resistor, txo lub zog muaj nyob rau lwm load (qhov muag teev, piv txwv li). Txo cov voltage rau lub teeb thiaj li nws lub teeb tso zis.

Qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj no yog hais tias koj mus nkim ib tug ntau ntawm lub zog mus rau lub cua sov resistor, uas yog tsis teeb koj chav, tab sis nws yuav raug nqi ib tug zoo nkauj penny. Tsis tas li ntawd lub zog inefficiency, resistor dimmer keyboards feem ntau cumbersome thiab cov uas ib tug tua hluav taws kev ruaj, raws li cov nce mus nce los resistor tawm loj thaum tshav kub kub. Tam sim no pab kiag li lawm siv ib tug ntau npaum mus kom ze.

hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam

Yog li ntawd, ua tau dimmer. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm sib txawv los ntawm lub resistor? Es tsis tau zog los ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv ib tug nce mus nce los kuj, niaj hnub dimmers nyob rau txhua kev hloov ntawm cov tam sim no lub sij hawm, luv luv npog txoj kev rau nws cov zaj, los txo tus nqi tag nrho ntawm lub zog dissipated nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov saw. Nws hloov tawm hais tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag teev tawm ntau lub sij hawm ib ob.

switching voj voog lub sij hawm yuav ua tau nyob ib ncig ntawm tsev neeg AC oscillations. Lawv muaj ib tug txawv polarity ntawm lub voltage - nyob rau hauv lub cuam kawb sinusoidal tam sim no yoj nws mas nws txawv ntawm ib tug zoo siab tshaj plaws rau tej yam tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, ib tug mus xwb, uas yog ib qho alternating tam sim no, yeej muaj hloov nws kev taw qhia txog tsab ntawv tsa suab. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws mus los ntawm ib lub voj voog ntawm kev hloov (them nyiaj tsab ntawv tsa suab nyob rau hauv ib tug coj, ces lwm tus) 50 lub sij hawm ib ob.

"Lov" sine yoj tam sim no nyob rau hauv txhua ib nrab-cycle nws - hais tias yog dab tsi ua rau lub dimmer. Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Nws yeej puv tawm ntawm lub qhov muag teev Circuit Court txhua lub sij hawm hloov cov kev coj ntawm tam sim no, uas yog, thaum lub voj voltage nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court. Qhov no tshwm sim ob zaug ib lub voj voog, los yog 100 lub sij hawm ib ob. tam sim no mov mus rau lub teeb Circuit Court yog switched dua thaum lub voltage ntawm lub nce mus rau ib tug tej theem.

Qhov no txoj ntsiab cai - "kom muaj xws li cov theem ntawm" - hais rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm koj cwj mem nrog dimmer mus. Yog hais tias nws yog ntsia tau rau hauv lub teeb teeb meem no, nws puv heev sai sai tom qab lub shutdown. Lub tswvyim yog muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov kev voj voog, yog li ntawd nws muab ntau zog ib ob nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb teeb. Yog hais tias lub dimmer yog teem rau ib tug tsawg illumination, nws yuav tos tom qab ib tug shutdown lawm kom txog rau thaum yuav tsis tig rau dua nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub voj voog.

Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim lub tswvyim, tiam sis ua tau hauj lwm dimmer? Tsav nws sib txuas muab nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no seem, yuav teb lo lus nug no.

Ntaus hluav taws xob dimming

Peb twb paub hais tias nws yuav sai sai tshem tawm cov teeb nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court kom txo lub hwj chim nkag mus hauv lub teeb. Thiab tsis tau, tshwj xeeb yog cov dimmer nws tus kheej - yog dab tsi? Lub hauv paus keeb ntawm nws Circuit Court yog ib tug semiconductor ac mus los triac.

Triac - ib tug me me semiconductor ntaus ntawv, xws li ib tug diode los yog ib tug transistor. Ib yam li lawv, triac muaj sib txawv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm semiconductor khoom. Ntawm lawv, n-hom ntaub ntawv, uas muaj ib tug ntau dawb lub electrons thiab ib tug p-hom ntaub ntawv muaj ntau yam "qhov" los ntawm kev uas free electrons yuav kis tau.

Lub triac yog tau ntawv tam sim no sib txawv polarity ntawm voltage thov thereto, piv txwv li nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ib nrab-ib ncig ntawm AC mains voltage, tab sis yog hais tias qhov thib peb electrode - .. Lub rooj vag - ib tug tswj voltage thov. Thiab yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, khiav dimmer. Lub tswvyim hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas nws yog muab.

Lub voltage rau lub rooj vag ntawm lub triac, uas yog tsim nyog los qhib, nkag nrog cov cia capacitor, thiab lub sij hawm ntawm nws xwb los ntawm thaum pib ntawm ib nrab-lub sij hawm ntawm lub mov voltage ntawm lwm yam uas ib tug nce mus nce los resistor. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv no cov tswvyim? Nyob rau hauv ib nutshell:

• Triac ua raws li ib tug voltage selector.
• Lub rooj vag voltage ntawm lwm yam uas lub sij hawm ntawm nws cov menyuamuas.
• Ib tug nce mus nce los resistor teev cov voltage rau lub qhov rooj.
• Lub throttle ua hauj lwm pab rau smooth tam sim no waveform nyob rau hauv lub teeb fais fab mov Circuit Court (saib. Seq. Section).
• Hluav capacitor tiv thaiv tiam Circuit Court dimmer cuam.

Txuas mus rau ib tug network

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tag nrho cov structurally hluav taws xob lub xov tooj cua qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab saum toj no, lub dimmer mounted nyob rau hauv ib tug vaj tse, uas muaj tsuas yog ob tug terminals yuav pab kom cov ntaus ntawv mus rau ib tug ib-theem hluav taws xob network. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm technology siv xws kev twb kev txuas dimmer yog kiag li analogous mus rau lub pa ob-ncej mus. Los ntawm txoj kev, ib txhia ntawm lawv designs muaj ib tug built-in hloov yog kev cob cog rua rau lub tswv yim ntawm tag nrho cov tswvyim, thiab nws tseem ceeb yog nyob rau tom ntej mus rau lub tswj lub pob caus. Yog li ntawd, txuas lub dimmer, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txuas ib cov pa mus, ua raws li nram no cov kauj ruam:

1. Txiav txim seb lub teeb los yog teeb los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg tswj rau lub dimmer.
2. Xam tam sim no noj los ntawm teeb pom kev zoo li thaum powered lawv tsis muaj dimmer.
3. De cov dimmer nrog lub siab tshaj plaws pab khiav hauj lwm tam sim no tsis me dua uas tau nyob rau hauv Sec. 2.
4. Muab lub dimmer nyob rau txoj cai qhov chaw thiab txuas mus rau lub network raws li ib tug pa ob-ncej mus. Nco ntsoov no tias txhua yam hloov tau mus rau yuav ntsia tau rau hauv cov kis theem neeg xyuas pib, tsis "xoom", vol. E. Nws yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv ib cov saw ntawm tam sim no txaus rau lub teeb (s), tab sis tsis tau tom qab nws.

Real dimmer Circuit Court yog nyuab dua. Yog li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug tej thaj chaw deb dimmer nrog tej thaj chaw deb tswj, switchable (txiav) ib tug timer kev cob cog rua rau ib tug ntau ntawm "ntse lub tsev", raws li zoo raws li nrog ib tug acoustic los yog lub suab tswj hom. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov ntawm no "ntse txuj lom" muab zais rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txuas mus rau lub network yog tsis nyuab.

Buzz teeb nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm dimmers

Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov neeg, los ntawm kev txuas es tsis txhob hloov mus rau cheaper dimmer Circuit Court hwj chim incandescent hnov ib lub coj txawv txawv buzzing. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hloov mus hloov los nyob rau hauv lub teeb filament yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov tam sim no waveform nkag los ntawm lub triac.

Raws li koj paub, tam sim no ntws los ntawm cov nyob ntawm tej generates ib tug txiav txim quab yuam ntawm cov magnetic teb thiab tam sim no variations ua kom fluctuating magnetic teb. Lub filament nyob rau hauv lub teeb yog tsuas yog ib tug hlau kauv uas, yog hais tias tus solenoid yog magnetized los dua ib tug tam sim no los ntawm nws, thiab nws magnetic teb oscillates nrog ib zaus ntawm lub alternating tam sim no.

Lub sinusoidal alternating tam sim no fluctuates maj raws li nws cov magnetic teb. Tus tam sim no los ntawm lub dimmer yog hloov dheev thaum lub triac ua conductive. Qhov no cia li hloov nyob rau hauv tam sim no hloov lub magnetic teb sai heev, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau kev co ntawm cov filament. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus ua ib tug mos mos tib si suab dheev hloov magnetic teb yuav tsim tsis muaj zog cov xov tooj cua Pib ntsais koj teeb uas yuav cuam tshuam nrog nyob ib sab TV los yog xov tooj cua!

Feem ntau cov dimmers muaj ntxiv Cheebtsam yuav tshem tawm buzzing nyhuv. Feem ntau, cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov dimmer Circuit Court muaj xws li ib tug inductive caj pas (saib. Lub tswvyim saum toj no), uas yog ib tug ntev hlau qhwv nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug hlau tub ntxhais, thiab ib qho ntxiv hluav capacitor. Ob pab kiag li lawm yuav mus ib ntus cia fais fais fab (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hlau nphlaum field zog, tam sim no, thiab hluav taws xob xwb zog) thiab siv nws tom qab. No lub zog smoothes cov ntse voltage spikes tshwm sim los ntawm switching lub triac los txo hum thiab cuam.

Dimmers thiab teeb

Dimmers tsim ib qho chaw ntawm kev nplij siab nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab txo cov nqi zog. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua qhov muag teev yuav tau tshaj nrog lawv, thiab no tej zaum yuav tsim teeb meem rau cov tswv tsev. Muaj ntau cov kev pab luam tawm tsis zoo cov lus hais txog cov kev cai dimmer lub teeb, tab sis tus tsom xam ntawm cov lus teb ua rau lub xaus hais tias tus sau phau ntawv tsuas yog tsis paub nrog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm compatibility teeb thiab dimmers ua ke.

Qhov muag teev yog yus muaj los ntawm lub hwj chim thiab voltage. Yog hais tias koj xaiv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm dimming ib co hom yog unsuitable rau lawv nro thiab tsim teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, xaiv ib lub teeb rau dimming, cov neeg yuav tsum paub txog qhov sib txawv hom ntawm lawv thiab kawm xaiv tsuas tau tshaj nrog lawv uas twb muaj lawm dimmers.

Tau txais kev pab yuav xaiv tau incandescent, halogen, fluorescent thiab LED teeb. Thawj ob hom teeb yooj yim tswj dimmers, thaum fluorescent thiab LED teeb muaj ntau dua lub teeb tso zis, kim kim thiab tsawg ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv lo lus nug.

incandescent

incandescent teeb ua hauj lwm vim hais tias cov hluav taws xob tam sim no kis tau los ntawm nws filament, uas heats thiab pib ci. Cov qhov muag teeb raws li lawv cov ze tshaj txheeb ze - halogen lub teeb (nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tib filament teeb, tab sis, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm halogen muaj tebchaw rau hauv lub hwj los mus tiv thaiv evaporation ntawm cov filament khoom), yog cov feem ntau utilitarian saib qhov muag, vim hais tias lawv ua hauj lwm nrog rau tej dimmer. Lawv yuav tsis ua siab ntev dhau heev lawm voltage, tab sis zoo txaus nyob rau hauv nws tsim nyog qib. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev pab uas xav kom txuag zog thiab ntev noob neej los ntawm kev siv ntawm dimmers, nws ua hauj lwm zoo heev. Muaj ntau cov neeg siv qhia tias incandescent qhov muag teeb yog dimmable nrog pheej yig ua hauj lwm raws li tau zoo raws li nrog advanced qauv. Lawv ploj yuav luag tag thaum lub dimmer hloov yog muab tua cia li saum toj no.

fluorescent teeb

Cov teeb yog hauv lub teeb ntawm mercury vapors. Generated los ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub ultraviolet tawg excites lub phosphor, uas npog lub hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub teeb rau emit pom lub teeb. Ib txhia cov neeg siv nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev xyuas qhia tias lawv teeb cia li tawm hauv qab ntawm lub dimmer tswj ntau yam. Qhov no yog hais tias lawv siv qhov thiaj li hu ua compact fluorescent teeb yog tsis tsim siv rau cov dimmers yog ib tug homeowner installs ib tug tsis tshua muaj voltage thoob plaws lub ntaus ntawv, tsuas tig tawm lub teeb, thiab yuav tsis ploj. Yuav kom siv tau cov dimmer nrog ib lub teeb, nws yuav tsum muaj ib tug dimmable ballast, dab tsi yuav tsum tau qhia rau hauv lub ntim. Ib txhia txheem dimmers yog sib xws nrog lub teeb, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm lawv. Tau txais kev pab yuav tsum yeej ib txwm xaiv lub dimmer 220 nrog ib tug hais txog ntawm lub khw tsim hom txog cov compatibility ntawm nws nrog fluorescent teeb.

LED qij

Lawv lub lag luam yog ua raws li lub peev xwm los ntxias cov electrons ntawm lub teeb emitting diode uas nrog zoo them "qhov" thiab emit photons uas tsim luminescence. Lawv yog cov tsawg kaj tshaj fluorescent teeb, tab sis brightness hloov ntau yog tsuas los ntawm cov qauv siv los ntawm nws cov menyuamuas. Raws li neeg tawm tswv yim, cov LEDs kuj nquag mus shutdowns nyob rau hauv lub qis siv ntau yam, thiab nws muaj peev xwm kuj yuav tau nrog ntau hom dimmers. Thaum incandescent teeb noob yuav flicker nrog voltage hloov mus hloov los, LED yuav txawm tig tawm los yog flicker excessively.

Xaiv ntawm ib tug haum teeb

Thaum yuav tus neeg yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias incandescent teeb tej zaum yuav dimmed ntawm xoom rau 100 feem pua, thiab lub fluorescent thiab LED tsis tau ua hauv qab no 10-20% ntawm cov nominal tus nqi ntawm lawv cov brightness, yog li ntawd cov neeg yuav tsev yuav tsis tsum tau mus cuag lawv cov theem ntawm kev nplij siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, fluorescent teeb thiab LED yuav tsum tau kim kim thiab complex LED dimmer. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev, lawv muab tseem ceeb txhab zog.

Xaiv ntawm ib tug haum dimming

Niaj hnub nimno dimmers, piv txwv li dimmer Legrand (hais txog cov tag nrho cov kab ntawm lub hom), tej yam uas txawv zog, nrog rau ntau yam hom photocells, tsab ntawv tsa suab sensors thiab timers. Thaum investing nyob rau hauv cov seev neeg yuav tsum kom nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias cov advanced Circuit Court dimmers yog tsim rau cov high-efficiency teeb qhov muag teev. Thaum uas tsis muaj nqi kiag li lawm yog txaus rau incandescent thiab halogen lub teeb.

Summing ua heev heev cov neeg siv kev xyuas dimmers, ib tug yuav xaus uas tus loj tshaj loj los ntawm lawv cov kev siv yuav tsum npaj kom txhij nyob rau hauv lub tsev, illuminated tsoos incandescent qhov muag teev. Tom qab dimmer tso cai rau koj los txo hwj chim noj tsis tau hloov pheej yig qhov muag rau kim fluorescent los yog LED. Yog hais tias lub tsev twb raug them los ntawm tshiab hom teeb, lub ntsiab ua rau muaj nyob rau hauv loj hlob lub teeb pom kev zoo tswj chaw yuav muab "advanced" dimmer qauv, rau Piv txwv li ib tej thaj chaw deb dimmer, uas tso cai rau kom tswj tau tus teeb pom kev zoo ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj tej thaj chaw deb tswj, tsis tau mus txog.