Diencephalon

Midbrain yog cov coob thiab mas feem tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm lub paj hlwb kav. Nws muaj ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm cores uas tseem ceeb heev cov chaw ntawm cov autonomic system, raws li zoo raws li ib feem ntawm nws muaj ob endocrine qog - lub pineal caj pas thiab lub pituitary caj pas. Midbrain yog nyob rau ntawm lub heev corpus callosum ntawm lub cerebral hemispheres, nws yog tsuas yog siv rau lub rear optic huam thiab posterior perforated yeeb tshuaj, thiab ua ntej ntawm - cov optic chiasm.

Lub intermediate qauv ntawm lub paj hlwb yog nyuab, vim hais tias nws yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm ntau cov chaw uas tswj lub cev tau hauj lwm thiab cov lag luam los ntawm ntau yam nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab. Nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb (intermediate) yog distinguished: epithalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, peb ventricle thiab cov hypothalamus.

Lub thalamus (nrig txog kev pom hillocks) txoj kev ua ib khub ntawm elongated lub cev. Nws yog tsim los ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm grey teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nuclei (txog plaub caug), uas yog cais los ntawm ib tug txheej ntawm dawb khoom. Epithalamus hais epiphysis los yog pineal caj pas. Epiphysis nyob rau hauv tsos tsa ib tug fir lub khob hliav qab thiab laus dua quadrigemina midbrain. Los ntawm cov sab nraum nws yog them nrog lub tshuaj ntsiav, los ntawm uas cuag inwardly partitions nkauj nraug epiphysis rau hauv slices.

Metathalamus hais nrub nrab thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lub sab geniculate lub cev, uas yog cov chaw zov me nyuam ntawm lub rooj sib hais thiab pom kev. Lawv nyob tom qab lub cushion ob qhov chaw hauv lub thalamus thiab muaj kev cob cog rau lub midbrain ob txhais ceg superior colliculus thiab qis. Lub hypothalamus yog hais funnel, lub optic chiasm, lub grey toj, pituitary thiab ob mastoid lub cev. Lub pituitary caj pas yog lub hauv paus endocrine system, nyob rau hauv lub pituitary fossa Sella rau sphenoid. Lub hypothalamus ua precisely lub sab ib feem ntawm lub diencephalon.

Tag nrho hypothalamic nucleus, qhov twg nyob ib ncig ntawm plaub caug ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob muab faib ntxiv mus rau hauv lub tsheb, intermediate thiab pem hauv ntej, feem ntau ntawm lawv tsim neurosecretion. Pem hauv ntej nucleus sawv cev paraventikulyarnymi thiab supraoptic, rear - hypothalamic nuclei thiab mastoid lub cev, medium - qis thiab verhnemedialnymi hypothalamic nuclei, nuclei thiab serobugornymi funnel.

Diencephalon kuj muaj peb ventricle, uas yog lub hlwb kab noj hniav. Nws qhia rau hauv qab ntawm cov plaub ventricle, pem hauv ntej thiab rov tom qab - los ntawm lub interventricular foramen - tus thawj thiab thib ob ventricles. Raws li nrog rau tag nrho cov lwm yam, yog nyob rau hauv lub thib peb vascular plexus, uas tsim hlwb txha nqaj qaum kua.

Cov kev ua ntawm ib nrab lub hlwb nyob rau nws qhov chaw:

• Cov kev cai ntawm lub endocrine system, vim nyob rau hauv lub diencephalon txheej txheem pituitary thiab pineal. Pituitary hormone nkoos zus tau tej cov nram qab no: kev loj hlob, prolactin (txoj kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov mis nyuj nyob rau hauv lub alveoli ntawm lub mammary qog), TSH, ACTH, follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, lyuteotropnogo, melanotropin, oxytocin, vasopressin. Neurosecretory muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub pineal caj pas yog ib tug ntshiab diurnal hom. Hmo ntuj synthesizes melatoksin, uas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov xim sib pauv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub yav tav su - serotoksin.
• Cov kev cai ntawm lub autonomic system. Nyob rau hauv lub hypothalamus, nyob subcortical chaw ntawm autonomic reflexes, xws li nqhis dej, kev tshaib kev nqhis, satiety, Library, tu, thermoregulation, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov hom ntawm txoj kev xav.
• Lub sab geniculate lub cev nyob subcortical chaw uas tsis pom kev, thiab nyob rau hauv lub nrub nrab - lub rooj sib hais.
• Lub thalamus yog qhov chaw ntawm lub zuag qhia tag nrho rhiab heev, tsuas yog cov olfactory.

Midbrain, raws li ib tug txoj cai, muaj ntau nta nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm tsawg kawg yog ib tug ntawm lawv tej zaum yuav muaj teeb txim, uas yuav inevitably ua rau xiam oob qhab los yog tuag.