Dawb Movement: yog vim li cas rau lub yeej nyob rau hauv lub Civil War

Tej zaum zaj dab neeg ntawm lub Civil War nyob rau hauv Russia yog heev instructive page ntxhuav ntawm lub teb chaws nco. Cov txheej xwm peb nco qab txog dab tsi yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cai nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov no qeb ua tsov ua rog - lub feem ntau senseless, brutal thiab ntshav. Txawm nws yog, tiam sis cov no cov txheej xwm tau sunk rau hauv ib lub yis dej ntawm keeb kwm. Tab sis lawv tso tseg ib qho impressive tooj ntawm cov teeb meem. Ib qho ntawm feem nthuav thiab tseem ceeb: "Vim li cas poob lub Dawb lub zog" yog vim li cas rau lub yeej, "dawb" yuav tsum tau mus piav qhia txog nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb lo lus, raws li qhov no tshwm sim tau nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej ntawm yam uas yog unfavorable rau lawv.

es tsis txhob nkag

Oddly txaus, tab sis lub prevailing keeb kwm division ntawm "liab", "dawb" thiab "ntsuab" thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog zoo tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Yuav ua li cas yog vim li cas? Nyob rau ib lub sij hawm thaum muaj ib tug txaus ntshai tsis meej, ib tug neeg yog ib qhov nyuaj rau uniquely koom ib tog twg. muaj puas "expectant" txiv neej rau ib tug "ideological" follower ntawm lub monarchy los yog lub kiv puag ncig. Thiab hais tias yog zoo, txij li thaum xws li ib tug teeb meem no muaj nyob rau ntawm txhua lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv muaj tsoom fwv.

Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los mus hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov teeb meem, tsis tsuas ib, tab sis txawm tag nrho cov ntawm cov tub rog! Thiab ntau rov qab mus thiab tawm ob peb lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog.

Lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm lub "Liab xav tias tsam lawv"

Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam niaj hnub qhov chaw ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau haib yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm "dawb" yog "tag nrho-consuming liab xav tias tsam lawv", uas allegedly "txawb ntawm lawv ko taw ntshai lub teb chaws." Alas, ntshai yog. Uas yog cia li xyaum tu nws tag nrho ob tog rau qhov teeb meem, thiab nws tsis yog tsim nyog mus nrhiav ntawm lawv "txoj cai" thiab "tsis yog". Nyob rau ib lub sij hawm thaum civil zej zog tau ua tsis tau tejyam, thaum muaj ib tug tseem ceeb theem ntawm nro, cov neeg muaj dab tsi los plam, yog li lawv muaj peev xwm mus rau lub feem ntau huab ntsuas.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug yuav tsum tsis xav hais tias tag nrho ib ncig ntawm lub qub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws mam li nco dheev muab rau hauv ib tug blazing cub tawg ntawm kiv puag ncig, muas thaum chiv thawj liab thiab dawb me me islands surrounded los ntawm seas lawm kiag li inert loj ntawm lub peasantry. Nws yog tsis zoo hais, tab sis cov liab thiab dawb (tsis hais qhov "nkos ntsuab") xyaum loj recruitment los ntawm UFW txawv teb chaws. Ntxiv mus, lub illustrious "tsarist tub ceev xwm" tej zaum kuj tsis xav sib ntaus sib tua. Muaj ntau thaum tub ceev xwm los ua waiters nyob rau hauv khw noj mov ntawm Kiev, thiab ua hauj lwm nrog tag nrho cov kev ntshaw. Yog li ntawd tsis muaj ntau pub.

Yog vim li cas peb txhua tus tham txog? Nws yog qhov yooj yim. Hais tias koj to taub dab tsi ib tug txaus ntshai tsis meej pem reigned nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis los yog txawm xyoo ua tsov ua rog. Muaj "overwhelming superiority" nyob rau hauv manpower Dawb, tsis hais no thiab cov Reds. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg cia li xav ua neej nyob ntsiag to, sai sai hloov lub "xim" nyob rau hauv raws li cov nom tswv tseeb. Yog li ntawd tawg lawm dawb zog "? Yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm nws cov lus dag nyob rau hauv ob peb lub ntsiab lus.

Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau cov tub rog?

Ib yam ntawm cov ob tog, roughly hais lus, ob yam tau yuav tsum tau: ib tug nyob kev quab yuam (uas yog, lub recruits) thiab khob cij. Txhua tsav txhua yam yuav ua raws li.

Ob pab yuav npaum li cas xwb nyob rau hauv lub zos, tsuas yog tus long-kev txom nyem peasantry, uas yog tsis kam muab dab tsi rau leej twg. Li no - txoj kev xyaum ntawm ntshai, uas muaj resorted mus rau ob tog raws li uas yog tib yam cuab yeej enjoyed cov Daim Ntawv tsoom fwv ntawm Kerensky. Lub qhov tsim nyog tau muaj qhov cov neeg pluag uprisings, uas rov suppressed los ntawm tag nrho cov sab ntawm cov pej xeem ua tsov ua rog, thiab feem ntau lim hiam txoj kev.

Thiab vim hais tias "qhov txaus ntshai liab xav tias tsam lawv" ib yam dab tsi extraordinary tsis yog. Xijpeem, nws tsis sawv tawm los ntawm cov dawb xav tias tsam lawv. Yog li ntawd hais tias cov Bolsheviks yeej tsis yog vim "tsausmuag kev ua". Yog li, cov dawb zog ua txhab yog:

• kev sib sau uas hais kom ua;
• cov neeg pluag lub koom haum;
• flawed ideology.

Ntawm no yog 3 yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm lub dawb zog. Cia wb mus ze zog saib ib tug ob peb txhua tus ntawm cov ntsiab lus, txhua tus uas hides ib complex ntawm yooj yim teeb meem. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav yaim qhov Dawb zog. Yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm lub dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias lawv ua nyob rau tib lub sij hawm.

Ib tug os dej dawb, cov Crayfish thiab pike ...

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub ua Ameslikas liab tseem yog ib tug yooj yim heev. Lawv siv los ua si nyob rau hauv ib qhov teeb meem nyob qhov twg ib lub voj voog - cov neeg ntawm lub zais cia cov tub ceev xwm, qhov chaw uas txhua tau coj, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog los xa ib zaug xwb "hais kom ua chaw." Nyob rau hauv lub Civil lawv yuav tsum tau ua raws nraim tib yam, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov yam lub Bolsheviks lawv tus kheej yuav tsum mus nruab qhov kev ua si. Lawv yuav tsum tau maneuver, tab sis ua nws yog yooj yim npaum li.

"Pib tswj"

Tab sis Dawb yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv xws xav tau tej yam kev mob heev npaum li cas, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm view rau dab tsi tshwm sim, lawv muaj ob peb lub sij hawm ntau. Thaum lub qhov siab ntawm tsov rog tiv thaiv qhov ntau los yog tsawg dua niaj hnub liab camp ua tau tiv thaiv ntau tshaj ib tug teb dawb, thiab ntau yam ntawm lawv cov rog tau tab txwv txoj cai. Lub adequacy ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim tag nrho cov no tsis tau ntxiv lawm.

Ua tau, qhov no tag nrho mess thiab "originality" twb deprived ntawm ib lub caij nyoog los yeej muaj cov dawb zog. Yog vim li cas rau lub yeej dag nyob rau hauv lub cev tsis sib thiab lub sij hawm los mus tshem tawm frankly txaus ntshai neeg. Piv txwv li, qhov teeb meem no nrog cov Entente. Thaum lub sij hawm, lub Bolsheviks twb frankly tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj zog thiab fragmented, raws li nrog bitterness kuj sau Vladimir Ulyanov. Nws yuav zoo li, yuav kom los ntawm nws cov phoojywg, riam phom thiab mos txwv, siv lub fact tias cov kev txiav txim twb tau them los ntawm lub tsarist tsoom fwv, yog thiab daws tau qhov teeb meem ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho cov ...

Uas thiab tsis nco qab lawm

Tab sis cov neeg tib neeg zoo li txiav txim siab los nug tus Germans. Cov yav tas, muaj poob lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, ntsiag to zoo los ntawm lub scene, thiab "cov phoojywg" ntawm lub Entente, ntxhov cwj pwm ntawm cov dawb twb nyob rau hauv tsis muaj hurry mus muab lawv nrog zoo kev pab. Nyob rau hauv 1919, lawv xaiv mus rau hauv lub interventionist pab tub rog. Vim li cas? Thiab hais tias yuav muab lawv cov Dawb zog? Plunder txoj kev nplua nuj ntawm Russia, lawv yooj yim dua mus ib leeg-handedly, tab sis rau tag nrho cov "xim ntawm cov tub ceev xwm," nws muab tau (rau lub sij hawm ua) yog tsis tsim nyog.

Thaum lub Reds thaum kawg sawv thiab twb tau kev zoo offensive ua hauj lwm, interventionists urgently zasobiralis tsev raws li sib ntaus sib tua lawv yeej tsis xav kom, thiab dawb los ntawm cov sij hawm thaum kawg sib cais, lawv morale yog muab tsawg thiab lub hom phiaj - elusive raws li ib tug ua zaim muag nyob rau hauv cov suab puam. Nco ntsoov tias, los ntawm txoj kev, hais tias ib tug ntawm cov yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm lub dawb zog yog, tsis muaj teeb meem yuav ua li cas coj txawv txawv nws yuav zoo li, tag nrho cov uas tsis muaj ideology.

Muaj ntau ntau cov teeb meem, tab sis tsis muaj cov ntsiab ...

Nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm tus dawb tau kaum brazen limitrofov, teeb meem uas yuav tau daws tsuas liab. Ntxiv mus, txhua ntau dua los yog tsawg muaj peev xwm coj nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm tus dawb yog dawb hosting ib co "Ataman", looting thiab tua neeg, tab sis nyob rau lub "cov lus ceeb toom thiab reprimands," kev sib ntaus cov tiv thaiv no "outlaws" tsis tuaj. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm kev sib sau uas hais kom ua yuav tsum tau tham yog hais tias tus illustrious tub ceev xwm muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau kiag li tsis txawj ntawm yooj yim koom haum ua?

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, dawb txhob txwm tshaj tawm tripped txhua lwm yam los ntawm luv luv-term kev txaus siab, yuav tsis pom zoo tsawg kawg yog txog tib lub sij hawm thaum pib ntawm lub offensive, lossi muab ntaus rau hauv nyias muaj nyias kev cog lus nrog rau tej lub zos "czars."

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov tub rog sab ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau them tribute: nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub yav tas los tsarist tub ceev xwm muaj ntau saj zawg zog thiab zoo kawm nyob rau hauv lub tactics. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm, los ntawm lub midst ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm ntse rose liab commanders, lawv tau tso lub qub autocratic cov kws txawj. Cov tub rog kuj "monarchists" nce tsa ib tug loj loj leeb nrog predictably tsawg efficiency nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cov linear tebchaw. Yuav ua li cas lwm yam rau lub yeej ntawm lub dawb zog nyob rau hauv lub Civil War?

koom haum chaos

Raws li rau lub koom haum ntawm lub tsev pem hauv ntej, ces nws tag nrho cov yog txawm zuj zus (tab sis yog, ntau heev npaum li cas). Ib tug tsuas Denikin tau mas yuav kis tau tib yam los ntawm lub phoojywg nyob rau hauv 1919, 74 ntawm lub tank, yam tsawg kawg 148 dav hlau, pua pua ntawm cov tsheb, ob peb lub kaum os tractors, txog tsib puas daim ntawm artillery, xws li hnyav kuaj, ob peb txhiab phom thiab tshuab phom, tsheej lab ntawm ib ncig ntawm cov mos txwv mus rau lawv .... Yog, txawm nyob rau xws li ib tug wealth ntawm tus muaj koob muaj npe tub rog, cia kom khov nyob rau hauv lub trenches ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, yuav tsuas npau suav ntawm! Yog li ntawd dab tsi yog qhov vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm lub dawb zog, thaum lub sau hnyav technology yuav ua txhaum lub pem hauv ntej ntawm txhua qhov chaw?

Qhov twg yog tag nrho cov ploj mus?

Tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm tag nrho cov zoo los yog raug nyiag thiab muag ... tag nrho cov tib liab los yog tuag hnyav tswm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub deb warehouses, thiab ancient phom qee zaum pom muaj txawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-40s twb Soviet tub rog thaum lub sij hawm audits. Yog li ntawd, yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm lub dawb zog - banal tub sab tub nyiag, kev lam ua, thiab ntawm cowardice.

Howitzers ruam tseeb suav tau tswj kom "tua" cia li ib ob peb lub lis piam. Tom qab, Soviet commanders nco ntsoov tias dawb rau ib rab phom ntawm lub hnub coj tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 20 rounds vim muaj ib tug ua kom tiav "tsis muaj kev qhuab qhia" cov ntaub ntawv.

Haphazard qee ntawm cov kev pab

Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm tus dawb khoom yog ib tug "crunch Fabkis mov ci": ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj rau squander rau plaub thiab hniav nyiaj hniav kub lovers, yav tsaus ntuj cov khoom thiab banquets. Thiab no nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm thaum tub rog yog kev txom nyem xav ua kom tau swb los ntawm lub Reds?

Ntxiv mus, niaj hnub no ib tug yuav feem ntau nyeem nyob rau hauv novels txog qhov "mas kawm ntawv dawb ceev xwm" thiab txog lub "ragged liab". Tej zaum tej lub sij hawm nws yog li ntawd ... Nov yog Colonel Katomin, defected mus rau lub "Belyakov," kawg le remarked abundance ntawm drunken tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub rog. "Lub liab yog tsis yooj yim sua ... Tej upivshegosya tub ceev xwm ces tua, lub morale ntawm koj tw yog tsis tshua muaj high," - uas yog dab tsi nws hais rau nws cov tshiab lug txhawb cov miv. Rau cov uas nws twb ze li ntawm raug ntaus thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev kawm. Ntawm no lawv muaj, yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm lub dawb zog. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, qhov no tsis meej pem thiab tag nrho impunity.

Thiab hais tias yog tsis hais qhov chaw ntawm "lam ntseeg," lawv muaj nyob rau hauv monarchical rears heev dawb do. Bandits thiab deserters, "poob deb" los ntawm lawv ib feem ntawm lub invaders thiab ib tug ntsuab band - mus nrog lawv yog tsis muaj ib tug, thiab kom lees paub nws tsis muaj ib tug xav. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub rear decomposed, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab reigned tiav mess. Tsis muaj ib tug thiab tsis yog lub luag hauj lwm rau dab tsi, thiaj li hais tias yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm lub dawb zog nyob rau hauv lub civil tsov rog ua nkag khees ...

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev pab kho mob qhov chaw. Yog txheeb cais rau cov neeg ntawm txoj kev poob ntawm kev noj qab nyob yog tsis muaj, tab sis nws yog lub npe hu hais tias Dawb muab kev kho mob pab rau cov raug mob ... qhov phem tshaj zoo. Nyob rau hauv nws memoirs thiab archival cov ntaub ntawv dua ces yuav tsum ua tim khawv rau ib tug loj phaum mob typhus, kom tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm ib txwm kho mob nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, cov tsis muaj peev xwm los npaj ntau dua los yog tsawg ib txwm tsev kho mob txawm nyob rau hauv lub rear.

ideology

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov monarchists "tearfully" nco ntsoov txog "Russia uas peb tau poob" thiab ua txhua yam kom rov qab kho cov monarchy. Ntawm no yog cov cia li ib tug nws tsis yog li ntawd. Yog, muaj dawb staunch monarchist, tab sis keeb kwm nco xws li ib tug me ntsis. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm lub Reds thiab lub yeej ntawm lub dawb zog dag nyob rau hauv cov feeb tsis meej thiab vacillation, txawm nyob rau hauv lub ideological kheej. "Belyaki" yuav tsis txawm pom zoo nrog txhua lwm yam hais txog kev npaj rau lub postwar reconstruction ntawm lub teb chaws, cia nyob ib leeg "khoov" thiab piav qhia txog ib yam dab tsi rau nws "electorate" thiab tsis xav kom leej twg. Thiab no nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm thaum lub Reds tsim ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm commissars, zoo imposing nws ideology.

"Kuv hais tias - Ua li cas!"

Thiab tsis txhob xav yooj yim liab Chatters: Zoo, yog hais tias lawv teem ib lub hom phiaj, ces nrhiav nws. Lawv ua li no los ntawm uas qhia lub tswv yim zoo ntawm nws cai. Monarchists kuj rov qab ua yuam kev "balabolov" Kerensky nrog nws Daim Ntawv tsoom fwv: unrealistic tej lus cog tseg, qhov muag plooj ideology, cov tsis muaj guarantees rau lub "electorate" - khi qhov yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm lub dawb zog, uas suits koj saj lawv tus kheej.

Thaum Lenin hais lus nrog nws ntse heev nyob rau hauv lub simplicity ntawm ib tug decree nyob rau hauv uas nws tau cog lus rau neeg ua hauj lwm khob cij thiab cov av mus rau peasants, lub yav tas tsarist tub ceev xwm thiab ua hauj lwm sib nyob rau hauv wit, sib tham txog lub tom ntej no peb tes num ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej txoj cai. Hais tias yog dab tsi yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm lub dawb zog.