Darwin lub kev tshawb xav: cov tsav tsheb quab yuam ntawm evolution

Lub essence ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm evolution ntawm Darwin txo mus rau ib tug muaj kuab kab, paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm thwmsim thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb txaus. Yog li, nws twb muaj pov thawj hais tias tag nrho cov hom uas muaj sia nyob yus muaj los ntawm ib tug neeg caj variation rau tej thaj chaw; lawv muab exponentially; tsis pub dhau hom muaj yog ib tug tawm tsam rau hav zoov nyob rau hauv hlab cov kev txwv ntawm tseem ceeb heev kev pab; nyob rau hauv lub nriaj kom ciaj sia thiab mus txuas ntxiv rau cov me nyuam xwb nruj heev heev cov tib neeg.

Yog li, lub ntsiab tsav tsheb rog ntawm evolution - ib tug kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic variation, tej yam ntuj tso xaiv thiab tus tawm tsam rau hav zoov. Cia peb xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau yam txhua ntawm lawv.

1. mob muaj keeb variation yog ib qho kev txhim kho ntawm chromosomes thiab noob, raws li zoo raws li lub rov tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam ob peb ua ke nyob rau hauv lub offspring ntawm niam txiv qhov zoo ntawd yog, nws tshwm sim los ntawm change. Ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov noob sijhawm piav qhia los ntawm rov qab ua dua hloov thiab khiav cov tib neeg ntawm lawv tus kheej, kuj plays ib tug luag hauj lwm lawv tej vaj tse.

Cov evolution uas muaj sia nyob genetic hloov yuav tus creation ntawm ib puag ncig thiab muaj sia nyob rau lwm, uas tsim ib tug chromosome kev vam meej ob peb ua ke. Ua tus xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov noob ua rau cov kev pauv roj ntsha sijhawm ntawm tus kab mob manifesting nyob rau hauv change, txawm li cas los, cov neeg no muaj ntau resilient.

Variability yog ntawm peb hom:

a) tej yam - lub tshaaj ntawm ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov chav nyob ntawm ib hom tshiab nta;

b) indefinite variability - lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm me nta uas tsis tau piav, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ib hom;

c) correlative - interdependence mas yuav kis tau tus yam ntxwv kab mob.

Yog li, lub tsav tsheb quab yuam ntawm evolution, namely caj variation, tshwm sim vim tus sis ntawm roj ntsha cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev mob ntawm ib puag ncig. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm mas yuav kis tau tus mob mob rau ntau tiam neeg.

2. Cov tawm tsam rau hav zoov - lub mechanism ntawm lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kab mob no thiab yam tseem ceeb ntawm tswg xwm, vim lub peev xwm ntawm cov neeg rau cov me nyuam (ib qho kev nce rau hauv lawv cov xov tooj) thiab tsawg pab (chaw uas zoo heev, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab lwm yam). Faib nram qab no nws cov ntaub ntawv:

a) cov kev tswj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob, xws li ntau heev los yog tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm lub teeb, dej, kub hloov;

b) tus tawm tsam nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hom - yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm kev zoo sib thooj ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no hom;

c) interspecific nriaj - yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug ntawm cov hom sib txawv.

Yog li, xws lub tsav tsheb quab yuam ntawm evolution, lub variability thiab cov sib ntaus sib tua rau cov hav zoov, yog zoo txuas, txij thaum thawj thawj txhawb lub adaptation ntawm hom mus rau lub tej yam kev mob ntawm tswg xwm, uas ua rau yus lom kawm.

3. Lub ntuj xaiv - ciaj sia taus mechanism qhia txog cov units nrog qhov tsim nyog tshuaj ntsuam genetic hloov thiab lawv ntxiv npaug. Cov xaiv yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tus tawm tsam rau hav zoov. Faib nws cov nram qab no mechanisms:

a) tsim kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic hloov;

b) cov ciaj sia taus thiab rau cov tib neeg nrog rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub tsim nyog ib puag ncig;

c) cov tu tub tu kiv ntawm cov chav nyob, qhov kev nce rau hauv lawv cov xov tooj thiab muab faib rau pab kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic hloov.

Cov tsav tsheb rog ntawm evolution, interacting nrog txhua lwm yam, tso cai rau peb los piav lub tsim ntawm lwm yam tsiaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Cov ntaub ntawv sau nyob rau hauv txawv ceg ntawm biology, muaj ib cov zajlus kom xaus tsuas yog hais tias lawv ua raws li cov ntsiab cai ntawm evolution.

Qhov zoo tsim nyog ntawm Charles Darwin yog mus piav qhia txog tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab tsim ntawm hom. Qhov tseeb ua lub evolutionary kev tshawb xav ntawm Darwin lub kev tshawb xav txais.