Cov uas tsis muaj steel: muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom

Cov uas tsis muaj steel yog qhov txhia chaw. Nws tej chaw yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub cev, cov tshuaj lom neeg lub zog thiab tsis tshua muaj nqi. Qhov no alloy yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho. Cia peb xav txog qhov no hom ntawm hlau.

qauv

Steel - hlau enriched nrog carbon nyob rau hauv lub smelting txheej txheem. Rau cov raug cov pa roj carbon melts lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pa roj carbon, uas txiav txim seb tus yooj yim zog ntawm cov hlau, thiab impurities: phosphorus (mus txog 0,07%), pob zeb ntais (0.35%), sulfur (mus txog 0,06%), manganese (mus txog 0.8% ). Yog li, cov uas tsis muaj steel muaj tsis ntau tshaj li 0.25% carbon. Raws li hais lwm yam additives, manganese thiab silicon yog deoxidation (oxygen tshem tawm los ntawm lub molten hlau, uas thiaj li muaj qhov brittleness thaum lub sij hawm kub deformation). Tab sis qhov muaj zog feem pua ntawm cov leej faj yuav ua rau ntes ntawm lub alloy thaum lub sij hawm thermal ua ntawm phosphorus - thaum txias.

Txoj kev rau cov kev npaj

Qhuav ntawm tsawg-carbon hlau yuav decomposed rau hauv ob peb theem: loading hauv lub cub tawg, thiab seem hlau (tus nqi), lub thermal tej yam rau lub melting lub xeev, tshem tawm ntawm lub impurity loj. Tom ntej no, casting tej zaum yuav steel los yog ntxiv kev kho mob: slag los yog lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab inert gases.

Rau cov tua ntawm cov dab yog peb txoj kev:

• Qhib hearth furnaces. Feem ntau cov khoom. Lub melting txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib ob peb teev, uas tso cai rau saib xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg lub chaw soj nstuam.
• Convection cub. Ua los ntawm tshuab pa. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias alloys tau nyob rau hauv no yav tas yog tsis muaj siab zoo vim hais tias lawv muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm impurities.
• Thiab induction furnaces. Lub ntau lawm txheej txheem yog siv ib tug slag. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, high-zoo thiab tshwj xeeb alloys.

Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kev faib ntawm alloys.

hom

Tsis tshua muaj cov hlau tej zaum yuav peb hom:

• Nruab nrab zoo. Cov leej faj cov ntsiab lus ntawm tej alloys tsis pub tshaj 0,06%, phosphorus 0,07%.
• Zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub muaj pes tsawg leeg: mus txog 0,04% leej faj, mus txog 0,035% phosphorus.
• High quality. Cov leej faj cov ntsiab lus rau 0,025% phosphorus mus txog 0,025%
• Tshwj xeeb zoo. Qhov tsawg cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurities: mus txog 0,015% leej faj, phosphorus - 0,025%.

Raws li tau teev ua ntej lawm, tus me tus impurities, qhov zoo zoo ntawm cov hlau. Me me Steel GOST 380-94 zoo tib yam zoo tseem muab faib ua peb pawg:

• A. txiav txim los ntawm nws txhua yam khoom. Daim ntawv ntawm tus me nyuam mus rau lub neeg yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug multidisciplinary thiab daim ntawv khoom.
• B. Ntsiab indicators - lub tshuaj nyob tus yeees thiab zog. Optimum txhua yam tej yam siab nyob rau hauv thermal tau (forging, stamping).
• B. Rau cov hom alloys xws zog: kev, hauj, lub cev, cov tshuaj lom, thiab yog li ntawd muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Los ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm deoxidation ntawm steel yog muab faib mus rau hauv:

• Calm. solidification txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw peacefully. Gases nrog xws li ib tug txheej txheem yog tsis faib. Shrinkage tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub ingot.
• Semikilled. Intermediate steel hom kub ntawm twj ywm thiab compositions.
• Ib kub npau npau. Solidification muaj tshwm sim nrog roj evolution. Piping zais hom.

Ntsiab zog

Cov uas tsis muaj steel yog yus muaj los ntawm siab ductility, nws yog yooj yim deformed nyob rau hauv lub txias lub xeev thiab nyob rau hauv lub kub. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm no hlau yog zoo weldability. Nyob ntawm seb lub zog ntawm cov hlau ntxiv hais tej zaum yuav txawv. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tsawg-carbon alloys yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam. Qhov no yog vim lub uas tsis muaj nqi thiab zoo zog lub zog. Qhov no alloy yog hu ua yam ntxwv. Cov khoom ntawm tsawg-carbon steel yog kho nyob rau hauv lub daim ntawv lo. Hauv qab no peb yuav saib nws cov nta.

labeling nta

Raug mob me me steel muaj ib tsab ntawv los i thiab cov. Tus xov tooj yuav tsum tau muab faib los ntawm 100, ces nws yuav tau to taub qhov feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, ST15 (0.15% carbon).

Xav txog koj khij thiab decipher lub cim:

• Thawj tsab ntawv los sis tsis muaj los ntawm hais txog teej tug mus rau qhov no los yog hais tias raws li ib pab pawg neeg. Tej zaum nws yuav B los yog C. Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj tsab ntawv, ces ib tug hlau belongs rau qeb A.
• Cm qhia lo lus "hlau".
• Cov signage - encrypted carbon feem pua.
• KP, ps - qhia ib kub npau npau los yog semikilled hlau. Qhov uas tsis muaj los qhia tau hais tias tua steel (cn).
• Thiab ib tsab ntawv los tom qab lub digital qhia tej impurities muaj nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab lawv feem pua. Piv txwv li, T - manganese, Yu - txhuas, F - vanadium.

tsab ntawv los "St" nyob rau hauv lub npav tsis yog muab tso rau high-zoo uas tsis muaj-carbon hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xim los yog muaj ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, cov uas tsis muaj steel qib 10 yog dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim. Steel rau tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj yuav tsum denoted raws cim. Piv txwv li, lub "K" - yog siv nyob rau hauv boiler siv; SALT - siv los tsim lub tsheb axles, etc ...

ua khoom

Muaj ntau ntau pab pawg ntawm cov hlau cov khoom:

• Sheet hlau. Subspecies: Kuav los tiag (GOST 19903-74) Kuav los tiag (GOST 19904-74), wideband (GOST 8200-70), ib daim hlab (GOST 103-76) yog corrugated (GOST 8568-78)
• Angled profiles. Equilateral (GOST 8509-93), tsis zoo tib (GOST 8510-86).
• Raws (GOST 8240-93).
• I-kab teeb. I-beam zoo tib yam (GOST 8239-89), I-beam, wide- (GOST 26020-83, STO AISU 20-93).
• Kav.
• Profiled flooring.

Yuav kom qhov no daim ntawv teev ntxiv ob seem, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov Vuam ua hauj lwm thiab machined.

Liaj teb ntawm daim ntawv thov

Teb ntawm kev siv ntawm cov uas tsis muaj steel lug thiab nyob rau hauv lub npav:

• Cm 0, 1, 3Gsp. Lug siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Piv txwv li, ib tug txhawb hlau me steel,
• 05kp, 08, 08kp, 08U. Zoo rau xuas nrig ntaus thiab txias duab (high plasticity). Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsheb lag luam: lub cev qhov chaw, cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam, coils, qhov chaw ntawm welded lug.
• 10, 15 yog siv rau qhov chaw uas tsis raug siab loads. Kav rau boilers, xuas nrig ntaus, couplings, bolts, screws.
• 18kp. Raug daim ntawv thov - siv, uas yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm welding.
• 20, 25. Nws yog dav siv rau qhov siv thiab ua fastening cov ntaub ntawv. Couplings, valve tappets, ntas thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm ua liaj ua teb cov cav tov.
• 30, 35. Cov co rau uas tus load yog me me, Sprockets, zog thiab thiaj li nyob. D.
• 40, 45, 50. Paub meej muaj nruab nrab load. Piv txwv li, crankshafts, kev sib txhuam discs.
• 60-85. Qhov kev kawm rau siab load. Nws yuav ua tau ntsia rau kev tsheb ciav hlau log rau cranes, springs, txuas.

Raws li yuav pom, ua uas nws kim heev ntau yam - yog tsis yog ib tug uas tsis muaj-carbon steel hlau. Nws kuj paub meej lub complex mechanisms.

Tsis tshua muaj hlau thiab tsis muaj-carbon steel: sib txawv

Rau ntxiv kev txhim kho ntawm tej yam ntxwv ntawm lub alloy alloying ntsiab. Steels uas muaj Cheb tsawg npaum li cas ntawm cov pa roj carbon (mus txog ib tug peb lub hlis twg feem pua) thiab dopants (tag nrho cov feem pua - 4%) yog hu ua cov uas tsis muaj alloyed. Tej dov koom tes siab weld zoo, tab sis txawv zog yog kho kom zoo. Piv txwv li, lub zog, anticorrosion kev kawm thiab thiaj li nyob. Feem ntau, ob hom yog siv nyob rau hauv welded lug uas yuav tsum tau withstand kub ntau los ntawm Rho tawm 40 mus ntxiv 450 degrees Celsius.

vuam nta

Vuam ntawm carbon steels muaj siab nqi. Vuam hom, electrodes thiab lawv thickness yog xaiv raws li nram qab no kev cov ntaub ntawv:

• Cov compound yuav tsum tau yuav nrees sib raug zoo.
• Yuav tsum muaj tsis muaj nqaws tsis xws luag.
• Cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm cov weld yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv raws li cov qauv uas teev nyob rau hauv lub GOST.
• Welded sib txuas yuav tsum tau raws li cov kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob (co kuj, neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab, kub tsoom fwv).

Muaj tej zaum yuav siv ntau yam hom ntawm Vuam los ntawm cov Vuam roj mus rau ib tug carbon dioxide puag ncig consumable electrode. Thaum koj coj mus rau hauv tus account lub xaiv ntawm siab fusibility tsawg-carbon thiab tsawg-hlau.

Nrog kev xav txog cov uas duav txhua yam, qhov uas tsis muaj cov hlau yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab engineering. Steel qib yog xaiv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau tso zis lub cev thiab tshuaj zog. Lub xub ntiag ntawm alloying ntsiab yuav tau txhim kho ib tug vaj tse (kuj mus xeb, kub hloov), tab sis kuj thuam lwm yam. Zoo weldability - lwm kom zoo dua ntawm xws alloys.

Yog li ntawd, peb pom hais tias ib yam khoom tsis muaj-carbon thiab tsawg-hlau steel.