Cov tawm tsam rau ciaj sia taus ntawm Darwin

Raws li Darwin lub kev tshawb xav, tus tawm tsam rau hav zoov - ib tug txawv kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kab mob no thiab tej yam nrog lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws tsis cia li ib tug ncaj sib ntaus sib tua ntawm predator thiab prey, nrog los ntawm bloodshed thiab kev tuag.

Darwin pom tias peb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus tawm tsam rau hav zoov.

Intraspecific standoff muaj feem mob rau. Qhov no yog feem ntau vim lub fact tias tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau ntawm tib yam, thiab yog li tshuam tas kev pab. Cov no muaj xws, nyob rau hauv particular, xws li zaub mov, vaj tse, qhov chaw nyob hauv cheeb tsam rau cov yug me nyuam. Txhua yam yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv txoj pab kiag li lawm uas yuav pab txo tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov tib neeg (ib tug complex system ntawm hierarchical kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv ib pab los yog pab tsiaj, kom meej meej npav rau ib thaj tsam ntawm nws tus kheej lub teb chaws, thiab thiaj li nyob). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, xws li yog pab tau rau tag nrho cov hom raws li ib tug tag nrho, feem ntau coj raug mob rau tej tib neeg, yuav ua tau rau lawv tuag. Piv txwv li, luav ntawm tsis muaj peev xwm lub ntsiab pub ntawm ib tug zoo competitor feem sib ntaus sib tua rau tus poj niam. Intraspecific nriaj rau hav zoov yog ib yam uas tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov evolution. Lub clashes tua yam tsawg kawg yoog cov neeg sawv cev. Qhov no muaj txhawb rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm hom raws li ib tug tag nrho txiav txim nws txoj kev txhim kho.

Cov tawm tsam rau lub neej yog thiab interspecific. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug mob thaum koj lub hom yuav mus rau tib lub genus thiab, raws li, yuav tsum tau zoo ib yam li tej yam kev mob. Ib qho piv txwv tej zaum yuav ua tau ib tug grey nas, uas yog loj npaum li cas thiab ntau nruj tshaj dub. Lub clashes thawj kiag hloov txoj kev cai los ntawm tus thib ob uas muaj tib neeg settlements. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus dub nas, piv txwv li, muaj lwm cov tuition. Nws yog zoo dua gray, sau thoob plaws lub ropes nyob rau hauv ships los ntawm cov ntug dej thiab rov qab.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv America tau ua tswvcuab dub nas Magellan thiab Columbus thiab Vasco da Gama coj lawv mus rau teb chaws Africa. Kev pab ntawm no hom ntawm Pacific Islands tuaj Far East pab mus rau navigators. Yog li, tus tawm tsam rau ciaj sia taus tau coj mus rau lub fact tias cov gray nas inhabits cov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm continental interiors, thiab dub - hav zoov chaw, kob cheeb tsam thiab lub nqaim chaw nres nkoj chaw.

Qhov no hom ntawm kev sib tsoo yuav siv ntawm ib tug zoo ntawm lwm unilaterally. Cov kev sib raug zoo no los ua raws li cov "predator-prey", "herbivore-cog", "party-cab". Cov kev sib raug zoo muaj ib yam teeb meem loj rau cov intraspecific nriaj. Yog li, e.g., predator hma liab tsub kom kev sib tw tsis pub dhau hom luav (cov neeg raug). Lub sib ntaus yeej, tsuas yog cov neeg uas muaj peev xwm mus dhia ceev ceev, zoo yam txoj kev taug. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ciaj sia zoo yos hav zoov uas nrog hma.

Cov tawm tsam rau hav zoov tej zaum yuav favouring ib hom los ntawm lwm tus, tsis muaj compromising nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, tsiaj thiab cov noog disperse noob thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws tuas kev sib nrig sib hloov ntawm ib tug neeg hom rau txhua lwm yam (e.g., pollinating thiab paj). Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus yeej txhawb evolution ntawm ob hom, nws ua qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib nrig sib yoog.

Thaum ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib ntaus nyob rau hauv ib hom yog ib tug tseem ceeb nyhuv thiab confrontation hostile ib puag ncig inorganic xwm. Nws tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau qhov tseeb hais tias cov neeg nyob rau hauv ib hom sib tw rau thaum tshav kub kub, lub teeb, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab ntau dua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub tundra yog ntsias ntoo daim ntawv no, tab sis lawv tsis sib tw nrog lwm yam nroj tsuag. Cov winners yog cov feem ntau zaum cov tib neeg, cov neeg uas muaj feem ntau npaum metabolism tshwm sim, thiab lwm yam muaj sia muaj dab. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm lom nta pub, nws leads mus rau ib tug txoj kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv adaptability.