Cov mis ntawm benzene: uas xaiv yog qhov tseeb spelling?

Aromatic hydrocarbons muaj ib tug cyclic qauv. Tus thawj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm no series - benzene (C ₆ H _6). Ib tug mis uas qhia cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem, ua ntej npaj lub chemist Kekule nyob rau hauv 1865. Raws li cov dab neeg ntawm tus paub txog, nws tau ntev xav txog paub tsis meej ntawm benzene. Muaj ib hmo nws muaj ib tug nab tom nws tus kheej tus Tsov tus tw. Nyob rau thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub yam ntxwv mis ntawm benzene twb tau kos mus txog. Nws yog ib lub nplhaib ntawm 6 carbon atoms. Peb ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ob chav daim ntawv cog lus.

Tus qauv ntawm benzene

Carbon nyob rau hauv uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons ntaub ntawv ib tug tsis tu ncua hexagon. Tej zaum thaum cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv lub tshua sib npaug depict nws elongated nyob rau hauv lub ntsug kev taw qhia. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm atoms muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub npe - tus benzene nplhaib. Pom ntawm lub cyclic qauv ntawm benzene yog nws tau txais daim ntawv ntawm peb molecules ntawm acetylene - unsaturated hydrocarbon muaj ib tug triple daim ntawv cog lus. Aromatic hydrocarbons kuj unsaturated thiab muaj ib co cov khoom yam ntxwv ntawm alkenes. Vim li no, nyob rau hauv lub benzene nplhaib los ntawm peb cov dashes, khiav thaum uas tig mus rau lub ntsej muag, nco ntsoov lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug muab ob npaug rau daim ntawv cog lus. Tej benzene mis tsis siab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub xeev ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms nyob rau hauv lub molecule.

Benzene: A mis uas qhia qhov tseeb qauv

Nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, cov kev twb kev txuas ntawm cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib yog sib npaug rau txhua lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, nws twb tsis tau faib ib thiab ob. Xws li ib tug feature yog piav qhia los lub electron qauv ntawm benzene, nyob rau cov pa roj carbon nucleus yog nyob rau hauv sp ² -gibridizovannom lub xeev kev cob cog rua rau nws cov neeg nyob ze rau hauv lub nplhaib, thiab peb cov pa hydrogen ib bonds. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ib tug hexagon, uas yog nyob rau hauv tib lub dav hlau 6 carbon atoms thiab 6 - hydrogen. Tsuas yog tus electron huab Plaub ntawm p-electrons yog tsis muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub hybridization, txheej txheem txawv. Lawv zoo tsa ib tug dumbbell, qhov chaw ntog rau lub nplhaib dav hlau. Ib tug nyeem tas qhov chaw yog nyob rau sab saum toj thiab hauv qab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob rau hauv benzene nucleus thiab hauv qab muaj ob electron densities ces yuav tsum nyob rau hauv p-overlapping electron huab. Muaj yog ib tug general tshuaj daim ntawv cog lus mus rau ib tug carbon nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib.

Thaj chaw ntawm lub benzene nplhaib

Vim rau tag nrho cov electron ceev thiaj li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib. Lawv yog cov sib npaug zos rau 0,14 nm. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub benzene nucleus muaj ib thiab ob bonds, nws yuav tsum muaj ob tug kev ntsuas: 0,134 thiab 0,154 nm. Qhov tseeb qauv ntawm benzene mis yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ib thiab ob bonds. Yog li ntawd, uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons yog xa mus rau unsaturated organic tebchaw xwb thawm xyoo. Los ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg lawv zoo li alkenes, tab sis tej zaum yuav koom rau hauv ib tug hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nyeem hydrocarbons. Aromatic benzene nucleus possesses loj stability rau oxidants. Tag nrho cov nta cia peb xav txog lub nplhaib ib tug tshwj xeeb kev sib txuas lus - tsis yog ib tug muab ob npaug rau thiab ib zaug xwb.

Yuav ua li cas qhia benzene mis?

Qhov tseeb mis yog ib tug benzene peb muab ob npaug rau bonds raws li nyob rau Kekule, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hexagon nrog ib lub voj voog rau hauv. Nws ua ib lub cim cov yog leejtwg 6 electrons.

Nws yog paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov symmetry nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. lub benzene nplhaib yog ruaj khov, muaj teeb meem loj zog coupling. Lub zog ntawm cov thawj neeg sawv cev ntawm uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws cov homologues. Txhua yam uas lawv yuav tsum muaj tuaj raws li ib tug derivative nyob rau hauv uas lub hydrogen hloov rau qhov sib txawv hydrocarbon radicals.