Cov feem nrov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Rating ntawm cov feem ntau nrov niaj hnub phau ntawv

Thawj phau ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XVI, thaum thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv Ivan Fedorov, los ntawm txoj kev tshav ntuj ntawm lub Metropolitan ntawm Kiev Yauhas mam li pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv "Tus Thwj Tim." Cov phau ntawv no yog npaj rau kev pe hawm thiab muaj Txib uas nyob hauv Phau Tshiab, cov ntawv no ntawm cov Thwj Tim, raws li zoo raws li alilluiarii verses los ntawm cov Psalms. Lub hauv paus tso typography.

Tsib puas xyoo tau dhau mus lawm txij li thaum tus ntawv ntawm lub "Apostle", dej ntau tau ntws. Niaj hnub no txoj kev niaj hnub printing xovxwm yuav sau pua pua txhiab ntawm cov phau ntawv uas muaj yeeb yuj illustrations nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm npog. Tsheej lab ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv yog tos rau lub tsos rau hauv txee ntawm nyiam cov phau ntawv thiab snapping lawv instantly. Cov hauj lwm yog ib tug loj ntawm sab ntsuj plig wealth ntawm niaj hnub tug txiv neej, thiab cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov feem ntau nrov phau ntawv nce steadily.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv

"Cov Lavxias teb sab teb chaws - lub feem ntau nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no" - cov lus ntawm ib qho ntawm lub referents ntawm lub CPSU Central Committee rau Culture (tej zaum nws pheej rov qab ua adage classic) los ua cov lus hais tias ntawm tag nrho ib ncig ntawm lub qub Soviet Union. Yog nws tsis txhaum, tsis yog rau peb los txiav txim. Txawm li cas los, Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv muaj sib sib zog nqus keeb kwm keeb kwm (XI xyoo pua BC. E.). Major txawj masterpieces, feem ntau nyob rau hauv sau, tam sim no khaws cia rau hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg thiab lwm yam Lavxias teb sab lub zos. Lub classics ntawm XVIII-XIX centuries yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev cob qhia kev pab cuam raws li ob lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab universities. Chekhov thiab Dostoevsky, Chernyshevsky thiab Griboyedov, kaum thiab pua pua ntawm cov sau phau ntawv muaj contributed rau lub txhab nyiaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Thiab nws yog cov phau ntawv, cov phau ntawv, cov phau ntawv ...

Cov phau Vajluskub thiab qhov "Capital"

Cov feem nrov phau ntawv - nws yog yeej phau Vajlugkub, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub neej rau tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg tsis yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tiam sis kuj nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Tsis li ntawd, ntev dhau los, "Capital" - yuav tsum muaj chaw ua hauj lwm Karla Marksa soj ntsuas ntaub ntawv ntawm capitalism - yog tseem xam tau tias yog ib tug nrov tsab, nws twb yuav tsum tau nyeem Soviet tog functionaries, raws li zoo raws li lub ntau lab ntawm zoo tib yam neeg zej zog ntawm lub Communist tog ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Yuav kom hais tias lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Karla Marksa - lub feem ntau nrov phau ntawv, yuav ua tau ib tug stretch, vim hais tias nws chaw twb yuam vim lub dag nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm. Cov tib yam tshwm sim nrog cov multi-ntim ib tsab ntawm tej hauj lwm V. I. Lenina - lawv tsuas muab faib raws li qhov kev txiav txim, txawm hais tias lub khw muag khoom muag tau tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm "Subscriptions".

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 50-ies ntawm phau ntawv ua lag luam ntawm lub Soviet Union muaj yog ib tug loj teeb meem: yuav ua li cas nrog Stalin lus sau tseg nyob rau hauv 18 tagnrho, sau rau ntawm zoo ntawv, daim ntaub npog nrog kub lettering, nyob rau hauv lub ncig ntawm 300 txhiab luam. Tom qab lub thib nees nkaum tog Congress, muaj nyob rau hauv 1956, thiab kev thuam ntawm cov cwm pwm cult ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov phau ntawv yog tsis pom qhov twg mus. Lub tej twb puas lawm nyob rau hauv lub qhib-hearth rauv taws nte, thiab ob peb zaus uas yuav cawm tau hnub no yog lub rarity nqi.

Lavxias teb sab tsab

Feem ntau cov nrov phau ntawv ntawm hnub no nyob rau hauv Russia - nws Bulgakov novels thiab dab neeg, nyob rau hauv particular perennial masterpiece "Master thiab Margarita", Chekhov cov dab neeg thiab novels, elegant thiab ilv ua hauj lwm Kuprina Gogol satire. Tom ntej no tuaj rau heev puas siab puas ntsws tej hauj lwm ntawm Dostoyevsky, Leskov zaj dab neeg tseeb, kov taleas Bazhov ... Cov feem nrov Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv yuav hloov tau indefinitely.

Literary excursions mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Boris Akunin - nws yog los ze zog mus rau lub hnub tam sim no, tab sis tsis muaj tsawg nto moo tej hauj lwm. Rau cov kiv cua ntawm detective tseeb phau ntawv no yog luam tawm Aleksandry Marininoy thiab Daria Dontsova, Tatyana Ustinova thiab Polina Dashkova. Ib tug neeg zoo li ironic detectives, ib tug neeg ncaj zaj dabneeg, tab sis sawv daws pom - phau ntawv nthuav mus nyeem.

detectives

Feem ntau cov nrov phau ntawv ntawm hnub no yog hais raws li zoo heev, espionage thiab kev nom kev tswv detectives. Detective palette Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv haum sab thiab muaj xws li tej khoom raws li "Petrovka 38" thiab "Ogareva, 6" Juliana Semenov, "Era Koom Haum Niam" Weiner cov kwv tij "Hotel" tuag climber "Strugackih cov kwv tij. Txawm li cas los, Lavxias teb sab kev txawj nyeem ntawv tsis tso tseg lub detective thiab taug txuj kev nyuaj cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws sau ntawv. Phau ntawv pom tau hais tias classic detective ib hom ntawv nyeem, tus naas ej Artura Konan Doyle, thiab tam sim no yuav muaj nuj nqis ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txee ntawm lab ntawm Russians.

Sherlock Holmes

Taug txuj kev nyuaj detective Sherlock Holmes thiab nws tus phooj ywg Dr. Watson - qhov no inimitable masterpieces, yav toj txiav rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov feem ntau nrov phau ntawv ntawm detective tseeb rau ntau xyoo. Tus kws sau ntawv Artura Konan Doyle, muaj lwm series ntawm tej hauj lwm rau siab ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub pirates, Tus tauj ncov loj Sharkey. Cov dab neeg no tsis muaj ib tug detective pib, lawv yog reminiscent ntawm taug txuj kev nyuaj thiab creativity Louis Bussenar, nyob rau hauv particular, tus tshiab "Tus kidnappers ntawm diamonds."

Hlub Phau ntawv

Ob txhais tsuas mus rau cov detective tseeb rau lub Lavxias teb sab nyeem ntawv yog novels, novellas thiab dab neeg luv luv txog kev hlub. Melodramatic thaj av, kev hlub cov vajvoos peb sab, kev zoo siab thiab kev tu siab, cov apotheosis ntawm kev hlub thiab nws lub caij nplooj zeeg - nws yog tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau hauv print.

Classical romantic kev sib raug zoo yog reflected nyob rau hauv cov khoom lub "Eugene Onegin," Pushkin tus tshiab "Master thiab Margarita" los ntawm Bulgakov, nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Shulamith" Kuprin thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Cov feem nrov phau ntawv ntawm kev hlub yuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab bookshops.

Vil'mont thiab Demidov

Qhov tseem ceeb sau phau ntawv ntawm niaj hnub sau ntawv rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm txoj kev hlub - yog Ekaterina Vilmont. koj yuav xaiv tau "Dag dej huv" los ntawm lub xeem nws sau, "Behind lub qhov rooj tsis pub leejtwg paub", "Masking rau tus neeg phem," "Nws yog ib qho nyuaj yuav tsum siab tawv." Nyob rau tib lub theem li cov theem Vilmont kos duab yog Svetlana Demidov (Lubenets). Nws zaj dab neeg "banal Story" thiab "tag nrho palette ntawm rhiab" yog thaum pom zoo rau inexperienced cov ntxhais. Ekateriny Vilmont thiab Svetlana Demidova tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub siab cov kauj ruam ntawm lub rankings "10 ntawm cov feem ntau nrov phau ntawv hais txog kev hlub."

ntawv tseeb

Ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawv tseeb kuj yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kiv cua. Phau Ntawv Strugatsky cov kwv tij "Av ntawm Crimson Huab", "roadside Picnic", "Monday pib rau hnub Saturday", "Hard Ua Vajtswv" muaj nyob rau hauv lub Golden Fund ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Science tseeb txawj sau ntawv Ivan Efremov yog ib qho zoo heev sau ntawm cov dab neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis muaj dimension. Nws tsis txawj tuag tej hauj lwm "Cov Teev ntawm lub Bull," "Tus chais lub ntug," "Andromeda" zoo siab ntau tshaj ib tiam ntawm thov ua tsaug cov txawj nyeem ntawv.

Alexander Belyaev, sau ntawm cov amazing zog thiab tob ntawm tej hauj lwm xws li "Lub Amphibian txiv neej", "xibfwb Dowell lub taub hau", "Cua khoom," "Ariel", dhau tus xeem caum xyoo, tsis tau poob lawv artistic tus nqi, yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov sau ntawv .

Feem ntau cov nrov phau ntawv (tseeb thiab science ntawv tseeb) tau sau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, muaj ntau yam sau phau ntawv tsis tau, tab sis lub cim xeeb ntawm lawv ciaj sia. Tsos tua nyob rau tej hauj lwm ntawm kev kawm ntawv tseeb writers, txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov novels nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej txoj kev. Directed thov tshwj xeeb los nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim khu lub tswv yim ntawm lub sijhawm uas nws, raws li ib txwm zajlus ntawm cov zaj duab xis revolves nyob ib ncig tej yam cosmic txheej xwm. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, cov hom kev kawm yog tsis muaj, thiab tus nyeem ntawv yuav tau txais mus rau hauv lub xinesmas, yog thaum ib tug poob - nws pom tsis ua raws cai. Qhov no yog cov khawv koob ntawm xinesmas, tab sis nyob rau hauv rooj plaub yog hais tias tus thawj coj yog xav heev conjuncture, ib tug txawj nyeem ntawv ntawm cov zajlus tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam - cov phau ntawv thiab cov zaj duab xis yuav tsum yog nyob rau opposite sab.

fantasy phau ntawv

Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub bookshelves ntawm txhua txhua lub tsev tuav phau ntawv fantasy. Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem reminiscent ntawm science ntawv tseeb, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nws txawv - fabulousness, unreality thiab kom meej meej tseg pawg ntawm zoo thiab kev phem. Raws li txoj cai, tej hauj lwm yog ua rau cov zajlus ntawm confrontation ntawm kev zoo thiab kev phem wizards.

Cov feem nrov phau ntawv fantasy sau nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, tab sis quav ntsej rau lawv tseem unabated niaj hnub no. Cov feem ntau cov tawm scenes pw nyob rau hauv tshooj ntawm Dzhoan Rouling lub Garri Pottere, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm Dzhona Tolkiena, xws li "Tus Tswv ntawm lub Rings" thiab "Cov me nyuam ntawm Hurin". Rau kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub fantasy hom ntawv nyeem muaj peev xwm kuj muaj xws li tus tshiab "Si laim rau Tsis" Aleksandra Grina, nyob rau hauv uas coj txawv txawv txheej xwm tshwm sim nrog ib tug zoo siab xaus. Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm tib neeg sau txoj "xoo pob liab vog Sails" kuj muaj ntsiab ntawm fairy taleas, tab sis lawv yog txiv neej-ua keeb kwm, raws li Arthur Grey, poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog Assol, xaws cov sails ntawm scarlet txhob lo lo ntxhuav rau lawv tus kheej - lawv tsis tshwm sim los ntawm cov khawv koob raws li nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm fantasy. Cov phau ntawv "Lub xoo pob liab vog Sails" yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau qhov "fairy taleas" qeb.

Cov feem nrov phau ntawv ntawm fantasy - ib tug "Harry Potter" Dzhoan Roulling, uas muaj tag nrho cov nta ntawm no style. Qhov no xaus yog unanimous thuam ua thaum lub sij hawm rau pej xeem kev sib tham ntawm creativity ntawm tus kws.

Phau ntawv rau cov neeg hluas

Sau ntawv, cov feem ntau sought-tom qab cov tub ntxhais tiam - nws yog heev mature classical tej hauj lwm. Characteristically, cov tub hluas thiab cov ntxhais raug xa mus rau raws li lawv nyiam cov ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv xws li los ntawm "Tus me tub huabtais" los ntawm Antoine Saint Exupery rau "Garnet Hlua tes" Kuprin. Ntawm cov nyiam yog tej hauj lwm ntawm "Tus tswv ntawm lub Rings" by Tolkien thiab "Alice nyob rau hauv Wonderland" los ntawm Lewis Carroll. Ibid, thiab "ruam" Dostoevsky thiab "Dandelion Caw" los ntawm Ray Bradbury. "Arc tsib triomphe" Erich Maria Remarque to taub thiab hlub cov ntxhais 15-16 xyoo.

Muaj tseeb tiag, Lavxias teb sab - lub feem ntau nyeem ntawv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cov feem nrov phau ntawv cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob rau hauv cov pua pua, cov tub hluas thiab cov ntxhais ntev lawm overtaken los ntawm lawv cov pog thiab yawg lub xov tooj ntawm nyeem cov ntaub ntawv thiab tau xaiv rau cov niam txiv.

txawv teb chaws cov phau ntawv

Phau Ntawv American, British thiab Fabkis sau phau ntawv, tsis tsawg nyob rau hauv coob nyob rau hauv Russia, dua li tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv. Detective ib hom ntawv nyeem yog lub Frenchman Zhorzh Simenon, leej twg yog tus hero ntawm lub novels ntawm tsoom fwv Maigret. Agata Kristi, liab mas cov tam sim no ua cim los ntawm lawv cov dab neeg, kom paub tias cov dluab ntawm Hercule Poirot thiab Miss Marple. Phau ntawv ntawm Agatha Christie yuav bet rau tus xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau cov tej hauj lwm ntawm Shakespeare thiab txawm rau hauv phau Vajlugkub. Edgar Allan Poe, lub American neeg sau ntawm detective zaj dab neeg, muaj gained tej chaw vim rau cov khoom ntawm lub "kub kab".

Cov American sau ntawv, muaj ntau yam followers ntawm lwm yam uas tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cov detective ntaub ntawv. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no yog ib tug Golden tsib American sau phau ntawv, uas muaj xws li Ernest Hemingway, Dzhon Steynbek, Skott Fitsdzherald, Dzhon Apdayk thiab Uilyam Folkner. Cov yav tas yog suav tias yog lub feem ntau no: prose txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas txawj keeb kwm. Nws tshiab "Tus suab thiab lub Fury", "Sartoris," "teeb nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj" pom tau hais tias tej hauj lwm ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws qib. Thiab Snopes trilogy, ua los ntawm cov peb kiag li ywj siab novels "Hamlet", "City", "lub tsev", yog qhov kev kawm ntawm kev txom kev sib tham, critics thiab neeg sau xov xwm. Faulkner nrov tshaj plaws phau ntawv - ib tug tshiab "Sanctuary", uas nyob rau hauv style thiab cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ntau nrog tus yeebyam ntawm Dostoyevsky lub "Kev ua txhaum thiab rau txim rau".