Commander lub Reserve. State Xwm Biosphere cia

Nyob rau hauv 1741, ib tug ntoj ke mus kawm coj los Commander Vitus Bering, nrhiav tau lub Commander Islands. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm lawv twb tsis muaj neeg nyob. Tus thawj settlers pib creoles thiab Aleuts, uas pib mus tshawb cov kob nyob rau hauv 1825. Niaj hnub no lub zos ntawm Nikolskoye rau Bering Island - Aleut lub zos, lub tsuas yog ib qho nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Los ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm lub zeem cia

Nyob rau hauv imperial lub sij hawm lub Commander Islands twb plaub lwm mus rau lub muaj koob muaj npe tso nyiaj. Tsis ceev faj kev thov rau cov tsiaj tau coj mus rau loj puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, uas zoo heev txo lawv tus xov tooj. Thaum kawg ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua, ua hauj lwm pib rau lub rookeries tiv thaiv, thawj kev txwv rau zus tau tej cov plaub cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab hiav txwv otters tau ua tswvcuab. Control tshaj lawv nuv ntses tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv 1911.

Paub heev qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv 1958 nws tau raug txwv nuv ntses peb caug mais ib ncig ntawm lub Islands tuaj. Tus thawj zeem cia ntawm lub regional tseem ceeb muaj nyob rau lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv 1980.

Lub npe "Commander National Park" thiab tus txheej xwm ntawm lub Federal nws tau txais nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1993. Nyob rau hauv 2002 nws tau txais tus txheej xwm ntawm "biosphere", uas yog nyob rau hauv UNESCO tiv thaiv.

qhov chaw

Commander Reserve yog nyob rau hauv lub North Pacific. Nws lub teb chaws yog bounded rau sab qab teb ntawm lub Bering hiav txwv. Commander Islands - yog lub sab hnub poob extremity ntawm cov kob ntawm lub Aleutian arc. Lawv yog cov pinnacle ntawm underwater ridges thiab muaj 15 Islands tuaj ntawm ntau ntau thiab tsawg.

Kamchatka, Commander Islands

Yeej nws yog freestanding me me pob zeb. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - cov kob ntawm Bering. Nws siab tshaj plaws ncov - ib lub roob Steller, uas nws qhov siab yog 755 meters. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog los faib cov picturesque kob ntawm Tooj. Nws yog ib tug ca thiab tsawg kob.

Komandorskii-Aleutian arc muaj li ntawm volcanic pob zeb. Nyob rau cov Islands tuaj, volcanic kev ua si yog tsis tsau, thiab av qeeg txhua tshwm sim feem ntau heev. Qhov no me tshee (tsis tshua mus txog 5-6).

Reserve "Commander": piav qhia

Nws yog tus Commander archipelago. Qhov no Aleutian cheeb tsam (Kamchatka Krai). Nws muaj xws li thiab nqaum dej ntawm lub Bering hiav txwv thiab cov Pacific hiav txwv. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub zeem cia - 3.648.679 hectares. Qhov no lub teb chaws muaj xws li 3.463.300 hectares ntawm hiav txwv cheeb tsam thiab 185 379 ha ntawm thaj av.

Lub zeem cia yog nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm cov kob ntawm Bering. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yuav siv sij hawm Arius Pob zeb Island thiab Tooj Island, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib tug compact pab pawg neeg mus rau lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kamchatka.

Commander Reserve yog muab faib ua tej feem, uas muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov zaubmov:

• tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais, uas tib neeg ua ub no yog txwv tsis pub, thiab nws pab nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso dab;
• tsis aav, uas tso cai rau limited nuv ntses thiab ib tug ib nrab nyiaj txiag kev ua si.

climatic tej yam kev mob

Commander Islands yog nyob rau hauv neledovitoy rau yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub Bering hiav txwv. Ntawm no yog nkauj txias summers thiab kuj me me winters. Yuav luag txhua txhua lub hli muaj hnub thaum cov cua yog tshuab rau lub Islands tuaj nrog poj ceev - ntau tshaj 108 kilometers moos.

Lub hom phiaj thiab kev pab raws qib ntawm lub zeem cia

Nyob rau Commander lub zeem cia muab kev pab raws qib:

• kev tiv thaiv ntawm tej yam ntuj tso chaw thiab marine dej uas nyob ib sab mus rau nws, kom tau khaws cia rau hauv lub xeev ntuj ntawm tej yam ntuj tso khoom;
• kev tshawb fawb, kev tswj chronicle ntawm qhov;
• ib puag ncig xyuas thiab ib puag ncig kev kawm ntawv;
• cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub biosphere cia tswj kev coj uas tsis txhob ua rau cov ib puag ncig thiab tsis deplete lom pab;
• txhawb cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov keeb kwm, kev cai thiab haiv neeg cuab yeej cuab tam.

Vim lom ntau haiv neeg ntawm marine muaj thiab fauna, uas tsis yog-freezing dej nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no qhov chaw yog ib qho chaw pub rau noj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov dej noog, lub xub ntiag ntawm endangered, tsis tshua muaj thiab teb hom ntawm cov noog thiab cov tsiaj. Kamchatka thaj av ntawd muaj tsis muaj sib npaug rau hauv lub zeem cia tus nqi.

nroj tsuag

Cov muaj thiab fauna ntawm thaj av ntawd muaj xws li 383 hom vascular cov nroj tsuag thiab 158 - algae. Los ntawm lub Commander Islands tuaj, sab hnub tuaj ciam ntawm lub teb chaws, nyob qhov twg 93 hom ntawm tsawg nroj tsuag kis tau. Yog tsis muaj hav zoov. Thaum twg tus taw tes ntawm Commodores yeej tundra. Tsuas yog qee yuav nyob ntawm no overgrown tsob nroj Rowan thiab willow. Hauv qab no lawv loj hlob Swedish dogwood, luazeleriya recumbent, dub crowberry, phyllodoce Aleutian thiab xiav.

Grasses nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia sawv cev anemone raznotsvetkovoy, kauj viviparous, goldthread peb-sheeted, horsetail wintering. Anemone raznotsvetkovaya feem ntau suffers vim hais tias ntawm nws cov kev zoo nkauj. Cov txawv txawv paj yog feem ntau haujlwm los ntawm kev ua bouquets, txawm lub fact tias cov nroj tsuag yog lom.

Nws tseem muaj lwm lov tas vau: Siberian Juniper, honeysuckle thiab cov tsiaj qus sawv tupoushkovy siav.

Nyob rau hauv lub meadows loj hlob sedge dlinnoostistaya, Dactylorhiza spinous, horsetail, geranium pushistotsvetkovaya, iris setosa, cov plaub hau nyom tortuous.

tsiaj

Commander lub Reserve nta ib tug loj ntau yam ntawm cov tsiaj. Muaj tau sau npe 25 hom tsiaj, 25 - ntses, 213 - noog. Terrestrial tsiaj, muaj rau hom no. Qhov no yog lub American mink, xiav hma liab Mednovskiy, grey nas, liab-backed vole, lub tsev nas, lub reindeer. Lawv tag nrho cov nyob hauv lub Bering Island.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo-paub cov xwm zeem cia muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm loj rookeries ntawm marine tsiaj, hiav txwv tom tsov ntxhuav thiab sab qaum teb hiav txwv tom tsov ntxhuav. Cov tsiaj ntawv ob leeg rookery - txhiab ntawm pawg ntawm ntug dej.

Ntsaws ruaj ruaj mus rau lub hom eared cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Qhov no yog lub feem ntau heev heev marine hom, uas tau koob meej lub zeem cia nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Northern hiav txwv tom tsov ntxhuav (tom tsov ntxhuav) yog ob peb nyob rau hauv Komandorsky cia. Spotted cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj - cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog heev tsawg rau cov tsiaj Islands. Lawv nyob rau lub chaw ntug hiav reefs thiab cliffs ntawm cov kob. Qhov no marine tsiaj ntawm extraordinary kev zoo nkauj thiab kev tshav ntuj nrog variegated xim.

Anthurium - thiaj hu ua kob ntsaws ruaj ruaj teej tug mus rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Tej zaum cov tsiaj no yog hu ua "kev foob-paj" vim hais tias ntawm qhov txawv daim tawv nqaij xim: rau ib tug xim av los yog tsaus grey tom qab tawg khiav ri niab loj daj thiab dawb thaj ua rau thaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib ncig. Anthurium - tsawg tsiaj, yog li lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev tiv thaiv.

Kamchatka (Russia) yog tsuas yog inhabited los ntawm marine lub neej. Qhov no Commander lub beaked whale, humpback whale, sab qaum teb xiav whale, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv Komandorsky Reserve tiv thaiv lub teb pejxeem ntawm xiav hma liab (ncov qaumteb qabteb hma liab). Lub neej ntawm cov tsiaj yog tag nrho ntawm kev txaus ntshai thiab xav ua kom tau tawm tsam. Kwv yees li 40% ntawm cov me nyuam aub xiav hma raug tua. Ib txhia ntawm lawv zom los ntawm cov pob zeb, lawv tua lwm loj ua npua.

noog

Reserve Commander - zes qhov chaw ntawm lub hiav txwv thiab dej noog, raws li zoo raws li lub tsheb ntawm Waterfowl thiab waders thaum lub sij hawm tsiv teb tsaws. Liaj zes rau hauv cov Islands tuaj, glaucous-winged gull, Peregrine ua liaj, liab-Clitocybe.

Lossi zes ntawm no hais txog ib tug lab cov noog, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kaum cuaj hom. Feem ntau yog cov fulmars, ntau murre, dub guillemots dog dig, hatchets. Fulmars thiaj li muaj npe rau lub credulity: lawv yog cov tsis ntshai ntawm tib neeg. Ib tug hatchets, los yog tuag tas lawm, yog li hu ua vim hais tias ntawm lub peculiar puab ntawm lub kaus ncauj, uas yog heev uas zoo sib xws mus rau ib tug rab taus. Lawv muaj lub thib ob lub npe - hiav txwv parrots. Thaum lub sij hawm lub mating lub sij hawm, lub twb qaim xim ntawm cov noog yog txawm ntau xav tsis thoob.

Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov zaub mov, cov noog yuav ntsaub rau yawm depths (mus txog 10 m). Lawv nyob underwater kom mus txog rau ob feeb, ntses, ntev ntes tau tsis tso tawm. Lawv yuav ib txhij tuav nyob rau hauv nws cov kaus ncauj mus txog 12 fishes.

tourism

Niaj hnub no, ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm peb cov kwv tij pej xeem thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas los ntawm txawv teb chaws tuaj mus rau lub Commander lub zeem cia, los qhuas cov extraordinary xwm ntawm cov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia yog koom hiking ua ke uas yuav pab peb txaus siab rau qhov muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm fauna thiab muaj. Tseem khiav khiav rau Bering Island thiab Tooj paub nrog cov noog islands Toporkov thiab Ary Kamen.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ntawm no yog koj yuav saib tau lub keeb kwm qhov chaw uas qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1741 lub pob ntawv-nkoj "Saint Peter", uas tau coj los ntawm Commander Vitus Bering, twb ces muab pov tseg tawm ntawm ntug hiav reefs thaum lub sij hawm ib tug loj heev cua daj cua dub.

Cov islands, uas tom qab tis npe hu ua lub Commander, ua ib feem ntawm Russia, raws li zoo raws li Alaska thiab tag nrho cov lwm yam tuaj ntawm lub Aleutian arc. Thiab tib cov suab puam kob, npe hu Bering Island, los ua tus kawg qhov chaw nkaum rau tus poj commander thiab nws muab siab npuab tus khub.

Nyob rau hauv 1867, Alaska thiab cov Aleutian Islands raug muag mus rau lub US, thiab tsuas yog inaccuracy nyob rau hauv lub hais txog ntawm thaj ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus, xam cov kob tau khaws cia rau Russia.

Tom qab archaeological excavations (1922), tus naas ej ntoj ke mus kawm pw hav zoov thiab burial sab. Nws twb tau soj xyuas reburial ntawm pab neeg no thiab ntawm lub Commander Bering. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub bay Commander tau ua heev txaus nyiam rau tourists uas xav pe hawm tus fearless Lavxias teb sab kev soj ntsuam rau lub thib ob Kamchatka ntoj ke mus kawm.

cia hom

Dua li ntawm qhov hnyav kev nyab xeeb yuav ntau thiab ntau kam mus xyuas lub Commander Islands txhua txhua xyoo. Cov feem ntau dej siab lub hlis mus xyuas cov chaw yog Lub Xya hli ntuj, Lub yim hli ntuj thiab lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj. Niaj hnub no, ib tug ob peb nthuav kev tsim nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, koj yuav tau txais ib tug pass mus xyuas lub rookeries ntawm marine tsiaj. Ntawm no koj yuav pom ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj thiab muaj peev xwm ua ib tug koob yees duab.

Tsis muaj

Ua ntej lub Commander Islands yuav hu tau los ntawm lub dav hlau, nyoob hoom qav taub los yog los ntawm hiav txwv. Los ntawm Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky rau Bering Island koj yuav tsum kov yeej 735 kis lus mev. Tubrog nkoj tours nyob rau hauv lub Commander lub Reserve ncaav lossi.

qhov twg nyob twj ywm

Raws li ib tug txoj cai, tourists yuav accommodated rau hauv lub hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Nikolskoye. Heev feem ntau, cov organizers ntawm cov dej tours muaj kev pab nyob rau hauv xis cabins ntawm ships.