Bundestag - dab tsi yog qhov no?

Bundestag - ib tug parliament ntawm tseem fwv koom pheej ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees (Deutscher Bundestag), ib tug unicameral tsoom fwv lub cev sawv cev tus saib xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov German neeg. Nws yog tsim raws li ib tug successor mus rau lub Reichstag nyob rau hauv txoj kev cai 1949, thiab txij thaum 1999 yog nyob rau hauv Berlin. Tam sim no tus German parliament yog taws los ntawm Christian Democrat Norbert Lammert, lub incumbent txij thaum lub kaum hli ntuj 18, 2005. Nws Bundestag elects lub Federal Chancellor, uas yog lub taub hau ntawm lub German tsoom fwv.

zog

Nyob rau hauv nws cov nom tswv qauv lub teb chaws Yelemees yog ib tug parliamentary koom pheej nyob rau hauv uas lub Bundestag - yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cai:

• Nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog rau cov Bundesrat, nws yog koom nyob rau hauv PatientsÕ kev ua ub no, kev tsim thiab noj nyob rau lub tsoom fwv teb chaws theem, ntau yam kev cai lij choj thiab kev hloov mus rau lub Constitution. Nws kuj ratifies cog lus thiab txais yuav tus tsoom fwv teb chaws nyiaj txiag.
• Bundestag ua hauj lwm pab raws li lub legitimizing ntawm lwm cov tub ceev xwm, nrog rau cov pov npav rau tus neeg sib tw rau tus ncej ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Chancellor, thiab tseem muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhov kev xaiv tsa ntawm lub Federal Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab txiav txim rau.
• Saib xyuas cov kev ua ub ntawm lub tsoom fwv, uas yog yuam ua hauj lwm kom qhia rau nws, thiab kuj tswj lub zog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub teb chaws.

Qhov chaw dislocation

Tom qab lub reunification ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, cov Bundestag tsiv mus rau lub Reichstag tsev, ua nyob rau hauv lub lig XIX xyoo pua thiab kho los ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse Norman Foster. Los ntawm 1949 mus rau 1999, cov rooj sib tham raug muaj nyob rau hauv Bundeskhauze (Bonn).

Cov vaj tse muaj nyob rau hauv chaw ua hauj lwm teej tug mus rau lub Parliament, ua tom ntej no mus rau txhua lwm yam nyob rau ob tog ntawm tus dej Spree thiab cov German hu ua lub Paul-lobe-Haus thiab cov Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm ob distinguished parliamentarians Democrats.

kev xaiv tsa

Kev xaiv tsa rau cov German parliament no feem ntau yog muaj nyob rau txhua txhua plaub lub xyoos, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg ntawm thaum ntxov nyias mus nyias.

Bundestag - ib tug parliament, kev xaiv tsa uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv hybrid qhov system, uas yog, lub deputies yog xaiv nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos proportions rau tog npe thiab nyob rau hauv ib-yuam majoritarian constituencies nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig. Lub Bundestag yog muaj li ntawm 598 deputies, ntawm uas 299 yog xaiv los ntawm xaiv nyob rau hauv lub constituencies. Ntswj tau los ntawm tus neeg sib tw los ntawm ob tog raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ncaj qha kev xaiv tsa (los ntawm feem ntau cov cheeb tsam tsev), mus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov deputies los ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv, xam nyob rau hauv lub proportional electoral system.

Nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv tsa mus rau lub German parliament feem ntau lub caij yog tsis muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm cov rooj zaum ntawm ob tog, tshwj tsis yog tias ib tug ntawm ob tog nyob rau hauv lub uninominal system tau txais ntau MPS dua nws yuav tau txais nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tsuas yog ib tog daim ntawv teev system. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, cov neeg sab nrauv yuav tau txais ib qhov nqi ntawm cov ntxiv ntswj (Überhangmandate). Piv txwv li, lub 17th Bundestag, uas pib ua hauj lwm Lub kaum hli ntuj 28, 2009, muaj 622 neeg, 24 ntawm lawv yog cov uas tuav ntxiv ntswj.

xaus ntawm parliament

Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Thawj Tswj Hwm (Bundespräsident) muaj txoj cai yaj Bundestag nyob rau hauv ob tus neeg:

1. Yog hais tias tam sim ntawd tom qab lub Convocation, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tuag los yog tsum, lub Chancellor ntawm tseem fwv koom pheej ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, cov Bundestag yuav tsis xaiv ib tug tshiab chancellor ntawm lub meej feem coob ntawm votes (tsab xov xwm 63, nqe 4, ntawm lub Basic txoj cai ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees).
2. Raws li cov Chancellor ntawm lub tswv yim, yog hais tias tus Bundestag adopts ib tug tsis zoo kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lub qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ntseeg siab, muab tso rau mus rau ib tug pov npav Chancellor (tsab xov xwm 68, pawg lus 1). Xws li ib tug teeb meem no tau arisen nyob rau hauv 1972, thaum Chancellor Willy Brandt thiab Thawj Tswj Hwm Gustav Heinemann, thiab nyob rau hauv 1982, thaum Chancellor Helmut Kohl yog, thiab Thawj Tswj Hwm Karl Carstens. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si zaum, qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub pov npav yog tus Chancellor tsis kam mus ntseeg, tom qab uas tshiab kev xaiv tsa yuav tsum tau muaj. Lub ob hlis ntuj 16, 1983, cov cai Tsev Hais Plaub ntxeev qhov kev txiav txim tsis kam ntseeg.

Lub tsum ntawm Gerhard Schröder

Tej zaum 22, 2005, tom qab lub yeej ntawm nws tog nyob rau hauv lub regional kev xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv North Rhine-Westphalia, Chancellor Gerhard Schröder tshaj tawm nws lub tswv yim mus pov npav rau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ntseeg siab, muab cov thawj tswj hwm "tag nrho lub hwj chim tsim nyog los mus kov yeej cov tam sim no muaj teeb meem qhov teeb meem no."

Raws li tej zaum yuav muab tau leej twg, tus German Bundestag, Gerhard Schröder tsis kam ntseeg (nrog 151 votes tiv thaiv 296 votes abstained 148 votes). Tom qab no Chancellor tsum yog ib tug formal kev thov kom nyias mus nyias ntawm lub Bundestag rau Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Thawj Tswj Hwm Horst Köhler lub npe. Lub Xya hli ntuj 21, 2005, tus thawj tswj hwm muab ib tug decree yaj parliament thiab hu rau ib tug xaiv tsa hnub tim ntawm Cuaj hlis 18, thawj hnub Sunday tom qab lub tsev kawm ntawv cov hnub caiv thiab lub xeem Sunday tsis muaj departing los ntawm cov uas tsim los ntawm cov kevcai tswj lub sij hawm ntawm 60 hnub. 23 thiab 25 Lub yim hli ntuj, lub Constitutional Court tso tseg qhov tsis txaus siab tau sau ntawv los ntawm peb cov me me tog, raws li zoo raws li deputies los ntawm cov SPD Helen Hoffman thiab Werner Schulz los ntawm lub "Ntsuab" tog.

Tus qauv ntawm lub German Bundestag

Bundestag - yog lub cev, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog cov yam ntxwv rau lwm ntawm lub paramilitary pawg, uas yog hu ua tog. Parliamentary pawg neeg Workers lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub koom haum nom tswv. Piv txwv li, lawv npaj lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub nqe, ua kom paub cov nqi kho mob, kev hloov, thiab lwm yam

Txhua faction muaj ib tug chairman (Fraktionsvorsitzender), ob peb vice-presidents thiab cov presidium, uas muaj raws li txhua lub limtiam. Thaum lub sij hawm sib cav tswv yim, thiab feeb xam tau tias yog mus saib nruj tog kev qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv xaiv (Fraktionsdiziplin). Lub German parliament yog zoo tshaj plaws uas ib tug pov npav nyob rau hauv nws yog feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug kos npe rau tus nom ntawm lub parliamentary faction.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub Bundestag kuj muaj xws li cov Council ntawm Cov Txwj Laus (Ältestenrat) thiab lub Bureau. Lub Council muaj lub Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab cov 23 cov txwj laug (cov thawj coj ntawm lub parliamentary pawg). Nws yog feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib khom lus ntawm ob tog, nyob rau hauv particular rau lub chairmanship ntawm lub parliamentary committees thiab cov txheej txheem. Raws li hais tus Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm, nws muaj xws li ntawm tsawg kawg yog tus chairmen thiab vice-chairmen ntawm txhua faction.

Txhua tus sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub Ministry ntawm Parliamentary Committee (tam sim no lawv tus xov tooj yog 21). General kev taw qhia muab tus nom ntawm lub Bundestag, tam sim no tuas no ncej, Norbert Lammert.