"Bryansk Hav zoov" - ib tug biosphere cia los ntawm UNESCO

Ib tug heev loj ib feem ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Russia yog them los ntawm forests, ces peb mam li ua pa tshiab huab cua, thiab peb muaj peev xwm soj ntsuam ntau tsawg noog thiab cov tsiaj. Ib tug ntawm cov muaj ib tug cia "Bryansk Hav zoov", nyob rau hauv Suzemskom thiab Trubchevsk cheeb tsam tsev ntawm lub Bryansk cheeb tsam, Nerusso-Desna Woodland thiab nyob rau sab laug txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Desna dej, uas yog ib tug tributary ntawm lub Dnieper. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm forests - 12.186 ha. Nyob rau hauv 2001 nws tau txais tus txheej xwm ntawm ib tug biosphere. Ntawm no nws poob lawm paub ntau memorial obelisk graves ntawm partisans uas tuag no thaum lub sij hawm kawg tsov rog ntiaj teb.

Ib tug txheej txheem cej luam ntawm qhov cia "Bryansk Hav zoov"

Vim lub fact tias qhov no cia yog nyob rau hauv sib txawv thaj aav: hav zoov, deciduous thiab boreal forests - muaj ib tug heev nyob rau hauv nws
muaj ntau haiv neeg muaj thiab fauna. Xeem nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tsawg hom. Nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw, ib tug ntau ntawm ntxhuab bogs, uas hlob glacial nroj tsuag: Scheuchzeria hav iav, los Myrtle, willow Lapland. Ntau paj nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb hav zoov ntawm orchids. Lawv muaj ib tug heev lom txoj kev loj hlob thiab yuav luag tus thawj heev mus rau teb rau hloov ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub phem sab. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov orchids muaj kev tiv thaiv. "Bryansk Hav zoov" Reserve, pib peb nrog 19 hom ntawm orchids. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj teev raws li sim, nws yog xws li: Cephalanthera rubra, txhais khau khiab tiag tiag, Dactylorhiza Baltic, epipogium leafless. Nws ntseg 769 hom vascular cov nroj tsuag. Ntawm no, tsib hom no kuj uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg phau ntawv: dactylorhiza traunsteineri, epipogium leafless, txhais khau khiab tiag tiag, Cephalanthera rubra, poj niam lub Dactylorhiza Baltic.

Cov tsiaj uas nyob hauv lub zeem cia

Lawv nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw no kuj yog ib tug heev heev. Muaj tsiaj txhu, vertebrates, muaj 245 hom: 153 - noog, 50 - tsiaj, 11 - amphibians, 6 - cov tsiaj reptiles, ib hom cyclostomes thiab 24 - ntses. Muaj ntau tsawg hom ntawm cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia
txuag vaj tse. Ntawm no nqig kuv tus kheej nyob-faring Badger, tus ntshuab mastered rau lub backwaters thiab kwj heev heev nyob rau hauv tus dej otters nyob Nerusso. Rau cov tsiaj ntawm noog kaw nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv tswb, xws li: gray shrike, nab dav dawb hau, dub stork thiab lwm tus neeg. Tsis pom qhov twg, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia "Bryansk Hav zoov", nws yog tsis yooj yim sua mus ntes tag nrho kaum tus hom ntawm tsawg European woodpeckers: ntsuab, grey, dub woodpecker, pom woodpecker me me, medium motley, zoo dawb vog, dawb-backed, Syrian, wryneck thiab peb-toed. Tsis pom qhov twg lwm tus nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe uas koj tau txais lawv tag nrho ua ke yuav tsis nrhiav. Nws yog feem ntau pom ib co hom ntawm sab qaum teb noog, xws li grouse, boreal plas, dub woodpecker. Tom ntej no mus rau lawv yog ib tug heev xis tau rau Remez thiab kuj zoo kawg egret - yav qab teb tuaj. Lavxias teb sab tswb phau ntawv uas tau teev tseg 12 hom ntawm cov tsiaj, loj thiab lesser dawb vog dav dawb hau, dub stork, Ukrainian lamprey, Mnemosyne, hu ua Apollo npauj npaim, stag kab, giant noctule, muskrat, nruab nrab pom woodpecker, grey shrike, nab dav dawb hau.

Lub nyem ntawm lub zeem cia thiab kev nyab xeeb

Lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv uas lub "Bryansky hav zoov" nruab nrab accumulative
tiaj, tsis tshua muaj-lying, maj mam muab zij. Muaj yog tsis zoo heights los yog, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, nisin. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw - 125 m, thaum lub siab tshaj plaws - 210 hom -. 140-170 m swampy cheeb tsam profile daim ntawv thiab ntau dej nyab nras, ib tug maj mam muab inclined nto thiab lub tiaj terraces. River Valley pos hniav qhov chaw nce mus txog 12-15 kilometers, dua li uas dej nyab dav txog li tsib kis lus mev. Floodplains yog yus muaj los ntawm yam mob loj heev depressions ntawm cov terrace uas ncav ib tug dav ntawm ib mus rau ob kilometers thiab nyob loj cheeb tsam. Muaj cov ib txwm ntiav depressions thiab dunes 6-9 meters siab, sinkholes thiab hollows. Txoj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov chaw subcontinental, lub nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub yog 5.4 ° ^C. Cov nag lossis daus yog 550-590 hli ib xyoo. Lub caij ntuj no yog feem ntau yog mob me me txias. Nco ntsoov zaj nkauj no: "Shumel loj Bryansk hav zoov ..."? Qhov no yog cia li hais txog lub zeem cia. Caij ntuj so yog sov so. Lub amplitude ntawm txhua xyoo kub - 25-27 ^° C feem ntau ntawm lub xyoo - 136-154 hnub - huab cua sov yog pes tsawg degrees.

Reservoirs Bryansk forests

Polesie dej ntws yog tributaries ntawm lub Desna dej thiab mus rau lub phiab ntawm lub Dnieper. Ib txhia lus qhia txog tus waterways uas ntws los ntawm lub zeem cia. Pos hniav channel muaj nyob rau cheeb tsam ntawm txog 90 km, nws dav: max - 144 meters, niaj zaus - 60-80 m Poyma - tiaj nyom, marshy, 4-5 km dav ..

Lwm dej Nerussa tshuav tributary cov pos hniav, muaj ib tug ntev rau ib tug muab cheeb tsam ntawm txog 110 km, lub channel dav yuav ua tau mus 52 meters, feem ntau - 25-30. Lub dav ntawm lub floodplain - 2-3 meters, nws yog swampy, hav zoov, tiaj nyom thiab hav zoov. Paub txij li thaum Navlya dej, North thiab Usozha. Tsis tas li ntawd ib tug ntau me me dej ntws, qhov ntev ntawm uas nws txawv ntawm tsib mus rau 38 kilometers "Bryansk Hav zoov" Reserve, yus muaj los ntawm ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov pas dej, uas yog lub ntsiab dej oxbows Navlya, Nerusso thiab cov pos hniav. Ntawm floodplain reservoirs sawv nyob rau upland terraces pos hniav Zherenskie pas dej: lub pas dej. Big Gérin, ib tug tob ntawm 0.3-0.4 meters, thiab lub pas dej. Me Gérin, hais txog ob meters sib sib zog nqus. Tseem muaj heev me me, zoo ntawm sinkholes.

Yuav ua li cas kom tau mus rau hauv lub zeem cia los ntawm qhov ze lub zos

Los ntawm Bryansk - rau txoj kev khiav "Bryansk-Kiev" rau lub lem mus rau lub zos ntawm Raven tus nkag mus, thiab lwm yam - Cov municipality ntawm Bee, Kholmech, Terebushka thiab mus rau lub zos ntawm Berezovka. Muaj, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab yog ib tug lem mus rau lub hauv paus manor. Los ntawm Trubchevsk - nyob rau hauv lub khiav "Trubchevsk-Suzemka" tshiab, pua thiab Berezovka. Los ntawm Suzemka - nyob rau hauv lub khiav "Suzemka-Trubchevsk" rau Kholmech, Berezovka. Los ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau - txoj kev "Bryansk-Suzemka" rau Nerussa platform thiab ib tug ib nrab kilometers rau ko taw mus rau lub hauv paus manor. Tswj Reserve Bryansk hav zoov tswj, nyob rau hauv lub regional center ntawm txoj kev Kalinina, lub tsev xov tooj 34. Qhov no chaw ua hauj lwm tau txais rau nws ua hauj lwm qhuas los ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov tsiaj qus Fund.