Basic oxides thiab lawv lub zog

Oxides - ib yam khoom uas uas nws molecules muaj ib tug pa atom nyob rau hauv oxidation - 2 thiab lub atoms ntawm ib tug thib ob lub caij.

Lub oxides yog tsim los ntawm cov ncaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov pa thiab lwm yam khoom uas los yog kov - los ntawm lub decomposition ntawm bases, ntsev, kua qaub. Tej yam tebchaw yog heev ntau nyob rau hauv, thiab yuav muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov roj, kua los yog khoom. Lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab tseem oxides. Piv txwv li, xuab zeb, xeb, carbon dioxide , thiab txawm ib txwm dej - yog tag nrho cov piv txwv ntawm oxides.

Muaj raws li ib tug ntsev-txoj kev thiab nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides. Ntsev-txoj kev raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm los ntsev. Cov muaj xws li cov oxides ntawm hlau thiab nonmetals, uas nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej rau acid, thiab ib tug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ib tug hauv paus - lub ntsev, li qub thiab acidic. Mus rau ntsev-txoj kev muaj xws li, piv txwv li, tooj liab oxide.

Raws li, los ntawm ib lub ntsev nesoleobrazuyuschih tsis yooj yim sua. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, carbon dioxide, dinitrogen oxide, thiab nitrogen oxide.

Ntsev-txoj kev oxides raug muab faib, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob rau hauv yooj yim, acid thiab amphoteric. Peb mam li tham ntxiv nyob rau hauv kom meej txog lub ntsiab.

Yog li, qhov yooj yim oxides - yog oxides ntawm tej co, lub sib nug xov hydroxides uas yuav mus rau lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm hauv paus. Hais tias yog, los ntawm reacting nrog ib tug acid xws tshuaj tsim dej thiab ntsev. Piv txwv li, nws K2O, Cao, MgO, thiab li ntawm. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob, qhov yooj yim oxides yog khoom crystalline formations. Degree oksileniya hlau nyob rau hauv xws tebchaw yog feem ntau tsis ntau tshaj li ob los yog peb tsis tshua muaj.

Tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm qhov yooj yim oxides

1. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog acid

Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ib tug acid oxide qhia tau hais tias nws yooj yim zog, tiam sis cov thwmsim yuav ua pov thawj ib tug yam oxide. Yog hais tias lub ntsev thiab dej tsim - li no, ib tug yooj yim oxide. Acidic oxides nyob rau hauv xws daim ntawv acid sis raug zoo. Ib tug yuav muaj amphoteric los yog acidic, los yog yooj yim zog - nws yog nyob ntawm tej yam kev mob. Cov no yog cov loj sib txawv ntawm ib tug nesoleobrazuyuschih oxides.

2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej

Nyob rau hauv kev sib nrog dej ntaus cov oxides ntawm co uas yog tsim nyob rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm hluav taws xob voltage, txojkev magnesium. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej, lawv tsim soluble bases. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm alkaline ntiaj teb oxides thiab alkali hlau (barium oxide, lithium oxide, etc.). Acidic oxides nyob rau hauv dej rau acid, thiab amphoteric tsis hnov mob rau cov dej.

3. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog acidic thiab amphoteric oxides

Yam txawv nws tshuaj xwm oxides hnov mob nrog txhua lwm yam, li no txoj kev ua ib lub ntsev. Piv txwv li, tej oxides yuav hnov mob nrog cov acid tab sis tsis teb rau lwm cov neeg ntawm lawv cov pab pawg neeg. Qhov tseem active los sawv daws yuav oxides ntawm alkali hlau, alkaline-lub ntiaj teb thiab magnesium. Txawm nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob, lawv yog fused nrog khoom amphoteric oxides, khoom thiab gaseous acid. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog acidic oxides, lawv tsim cov coj ntsev.

Tab sis qhov yooj yim oxides ntawm lwm yam co tsawg kom nquag plias thiab suab tsis hnov mob nrog cov gaseous oxides (acidic). Lawv muaj peev xwm tsuas pib lub coupling cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm alloying nrog khoom acid oxides.

4. redox khoom

Active alkali hlau oxides tsis muaj pronounced kev txo los yog oxidizing zog. Rau hauv sib piv, lub oxides yog tsis raws li active co muaj peev xwm rov qab thee, hydrogen, ammonia los yog cov pa roj carbon monoxide.

Kev npaj ntawm yooj yim oxides

1. hydroxides decomposition: insoluble puag thaum rhuab decompose rau dej thiab yooj yim oxide.

2. Oxidation ntawm co: alkali hlau peroxide ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm combustion nyob rau hauv cov pa, uas ces ntaub ntawv ib tug tub ntxhais nyob rau hauv lub yuav txo tau ntawm oxide.