Bakery ua lag ua luam txoj kev npaj. Qhov qhib ntawm lub bakery los ntawm kos

Niaj hnub no tsis muaj ib tug yuav nco ntsoov ntawm lub stability ntawm lawv cov nyiaj txiag teeb meem no. Los yog cov uas mus ua hauj lwm txhua txhua hnub thiab tau txais txhua lub hli nyiaj hli, los yog cov uas ua hauj lwm rau lawv tus kheej, uas yog, muaj nws tus kheej ua lag ua luam. Lo lus "ntsoog" tau nrees nkag mus hauv peb lexicon, thiab txhua txhua ib zaug nws tuaj tau ntev lawm tsis muaj surprise. Tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, yog tsis zoo siab, thiab rov dua deals ib tug tseem ceeb tshuab rau lub hnab nyiaj. Thiab tsis tau, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo dua txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov teeb meem? Yeej tsis yog lub neeg ua hauj lwm leej twg, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yuav txo tau, nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsis muaj ib tug penny nyob rau hauv nws lub hnab tshos thiab ib tug me ntsis tsim nyog zeem muag ntawm kev nrhiav ib tug tshiab txoj hauj lwm. Txoj kev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib tug - ntawm lub zog pauv. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau ntawm txoj kev no ua rau yus tsis pom qhov twg. Thaum tus tswv ntawm lawv tus kheej, albeit me me kev lag luam pom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau paaj teeb meem no, txawm lub fact tias lawv khwv tau nyiaj poob ho. Cuaj kaum, lawv muaj, Txawm li cas los me me. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, them se thiab khwv tau ib tug nyob yog ib txwm ua tau. Uas yog vim li cas ntau ntawm niaj hnub xav txog yuav ua li cas los pib koj tus kheej ua lag ua luam thiab pib ua hauj lwm rau koj tus kheej. Txawm li cas los, thiab nyob rau hauv no hwm yog ib qho teeb meem. Yuav luag tag nrho cov muaj ntau los yog tsawg dua dej siab rau cov nqe lus ntawm kev me me ntev nyob, kev ua lag luam sib tw yog tsiv, xaiv qhov yog qhov uas yuav yeej tsim nyiaj khwv tau los, yog heev yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsim nyog ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov them sai sai rau cov tuam txhab uas tsim cia tseem ceeb heev cov khoom nyob rau hauv coob txhua lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv txhua yam kev nyuaj. Piv txwv li, khob cij. Thiab hais tias yog vim li cas niaj hnub no peb xav kom koj xa ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws npaj ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tuam txhab. Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas mus qhib ib tug bakery?

Ob peb lo lus hais txog cov kev pab cuam

Ua ntej koj yuav pib tsim koj tus kheej bakery ncauj lus kom ntxaws npaj ua hauj lwm, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab li cas koj yuav ua li cas hais. Vim hais tias qhov no zoo ntawm kev ua si yuav ob peb xaiv. Qhov no yuav ua tau ib tug tag nrho-fledged lub tuam txhab. Hais tias yog, koj yuav tau kev zoo siv rau tag nrho cov ntau lawm, los ntawm cov siv thiab ua thiab ci lub khob noom cookie khoom thiab nws siv. Hais txog yav tas, nyob ntawm no, ua hauj lwm rau lub tswvyim ntawm tus yav tom ntej ntawm lub enterprise, nws yog advisable kom sai li sai muaj xws li nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab taw tes muab qhib lawv tus kheej lub khw muag khoom outlets. Los yog los tsim ib lub lag luam txoj kev npaj rau ib tug Cafe-bakery uas yog, tsev nyob rau hauv uas ob ntau lawm thiab muag khoom ntawm cov khoom yuav coj qhov chaw nyob rau ib zaug, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw. Nws yog ib nqi yuav tau xav txog, yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm cov khoom muag xwb tsis nws tus kheej pastries tab sis tseem muaj lwm cov tais diav thiab dej qab zib. Piv txwv li, cheese ncuav, pancakes, qos yaj ywm pancakes, ice cream, kis, tshuaj yej, kas fes. Cia li hais tias: xws li ib enterprise yuav tsum tau ib tug ncaj khoom start-up capital, tab sis tawm los thiab nws yog tiag tiag impressive.

Qhov thib ob txoj kev - ua hauj lwm nrog cov semi. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv - cov lus qhib ntawm ib tug mini-bakery. Lub lag luam txoj kev npaj yog tsim nyog yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv dab tsi koj yuav tau ua purely ncuav, yuav npaj ua khob noom cookie thiab paub hais tias nws cov khoom los ntawm intermediaries. Kev nqis peev uas yuav tsum tau tsawg, tab sis kuj cov profitability ntawm lub enterprise yuav tsis yuav raws li high.

Raws li ib tug xaiv thib peb, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov franchise. Tom qab investing ib qhov nqi ntawm (tej zaum tseem ceeb heev), koj yuav tau ib npaj txhij-ua tuam txhab uas siab tsim thiab ntawv pov thawj technology los ntawm lub nce hom. Option tsis yog phem, tab sis yog muaj li ib txoj cai, tsuas yog cov uas nyob rau hauv ntau dua los yog tsawg loj kev sib hais haum.

Yog hais tias koj sau cov ntaub ntawv: cov kws txawj pom zoo kom them sai sai feem nyob rau hauv bakery nqa tawm ib tug ua tiav lawm voj voog. Yog, yuav tsum tau nqis peev uas, thiab tseem ceeb heev, tab sis qhov no mus tom ntej yuav tau them tawm thiab coj ib tug zoo cov nyiaj tau. Nws yog vim li no peb xav kom koj xa ib lub lag luam txoj kev npaj rau tag nrho cov kev voj voog ntawm ntau lawm bakeries. Los ntawm txoj kev, siv nws li ib qho piv txwv thiab tiav, nws yog ua tau, yog tias tsim nyog, kos li nws tus kheej lub tswvyim ntawm lub mini-enterprise.

Ob peb lo lus hais txog cov kev npaj ua hauj

Kom npaj rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub enterprise - lub hauv paus rau kev vam meej. Qhov no xaiv yaam ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ceev faj saib xyuas thiab noj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas yuav khiav businessman. Thiab profoundly yuam yog cov neeg uas xav hais tias nws yog txaus mus nrhiav ib daim ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv lub foundations ntawm cov nqi thiab cov nyiaj tau los npaj. Lawm, cov nyiaj txiag tivthaiv - lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam, tab sis tsis yog tib point. Lub lag luam txoj kev npaj yuav tsum tau ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia ua kauj ruam yog kauj ruam qhia rau yav tom ntej ua lag luam. Thiab nws yuav tsum tau muaj kiag li tag nrho cov khoom uas piav qhia txog ua lag ua luam qhib theem: cov kev cai lij choj tivthaiv, thiab competitor tsom xam, thiab cov lus nug ntawm kev xaiv ntawm thaj chaw thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab lub advertising nam, thiab ntau npaum li cas. Thiab vim hais tias peb xav mus txuas ntxiv nqa mus rau koj cov xim lub bakery ua lag ua luam txoj kev npaj nyob rau hauv gradual daim ntawv. Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi cov khoom yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv koj phau ntawv mus ua hauj lwm?

Analysis ntawm competitiveness ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej ua lag ua luam

Nyob rau hauv tsim lub tswvyim ntawm tus enterprise, nws yog to taub hais tias koj - tsis tsuas yog ntse tus neeg nyob rau hauv koj thaj tsam. Feem ntau cov yuav, nyob rau hauv no ya rau ib ntev lub sij hawm thiab ntse ntiav ib tug tseem ceeb pes tsawg tus ntawm ua lag luam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, loj sib txeeb yuav pej xeem bakery cov nroj tsuag uas nws cov khoom no muaj nyob rau hauv txee ntawm tag nrho cov khw muag khoom noj. Yuav ua li cas kom ciaj sia nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv? Nws yog tsim nyog los ua kev cai ib lub lag luam tsom xam thiab tsim lawv tus kheej, cim ntau yam ntawm bakery, ntau yeej, cov khoom uas hais tias nws yuav ua. Tsuas yog high-quality pastries, ua raws li thawj cov zaub mov txawv, tau nyiam tus neeg. Banal ncuav-cib tus neeg muaj peev xwm yuav nyob rau hauv ib tug kav nyob rau kev nkag mus rau koj lub khw, nws cia li yuav tsis mus. Thiab txawm hais tias nyob rau ntawm no point yuav tsum muaj ob tug hom ntawm cib - thiab koj lub teb chaws lawm, feem ntau yuav, nws yuav muab nyiam mus rau qhov ntau paub, thiab tej zaum pheej yig dua cov khoom. Los ntawm txoj kev, kev cia siab rau txoj kev khwv, koj yuav tsum tau tsim ib co lwm yam ntsiab lus ntawm lub lag luam txoj kev npaj, xws li cov purchase ntawm cov khoom, cov neeg ua kev xaiv.

Lo lus nug tuam txhab sau npe

Thaum koj twb siv ib co lus teb thiab tuaj mus rau lub xaus hais tias nws yuav ua tau muaj txiaj ntsim thiab koj yog nws tus "rub", nws yog lub sij hawm mus pib cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv. Yog tsis muaj cov kauj ruam no, koj yuav tsis tau ua dab tsi, raws li cov hais tsis zoo "ntawv" tseem sawv ntawm lub forefront ntawm tej lag luam. Tsim ib tug bakery ua lag ua luam txoj kev npaj los txiav txim nyob rau hauv dab tsi muaj peev xwm koj yuav ua hauj lwm. Muaj ob feem ntau tsim nyog daim ntawv rau koj hom ua lag ua luam - PPIs thiab LLC. Thawj - tsawg kim nyob rau hauv ob lub sij hawm thiab nyiaj txiag nqe lus, feem ntau haum yog tias koj npaj los ua ib tug me me lub tuam txhab nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus naj npawb ntawm cov ntiav cov neeg ua. Qhov thib ob yuav tsum tau hais tias, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub npe ntawm loj ua ub no kom ua tau ib lub txoj cai, kev cai lij choj qhov chaw nyob, nyiaj qhib thiab thiaj li nyob. N. manipulations. Raws li txoj cai, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv mob qhov twg ua lag ua luam puag ib tug ob peb cov neeg. Feem ntau ntawm start-up lag luam tsis tau mus pib teev cia li IP. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau sim hawm caij nyoog xaiv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm taxation. Kws txawj pom zoo kom hais tias koj xaiv rau UTII (thiaj li hu ua tiaj tus nqi ib se).

haum thaj chaw

Tom ntej no koj yuav tsum xav txog cov kev xaiv ntawm thaj chaw. Raws li txoj cai, feem ntau yuav, thaum xub thawj nws yog tsim nyog los tua, tiam sis tsis ntau tshaj li yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv xauj tsev daim ntawv cog lus thiab nias rau ntawm qhov kev xaiv yuav. Rau chav yuav tsum tau cov cai. Firstly, qhov chaw. Lawm, nyob rau hauv ib thaj tsam chaw ntawm lub nqi tsev yuav cheaper tshaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, tsis tau tseem zaum pab tsis tau yus los cawm nws - yam tsawg kawg, vim hais tias yog koj bakery nyob rau hauv lub hnub yuav zoo ib ob peb cov neeg los ntawm cov tuaj txog pem ntwg ua lag ua luam koj yuav mus tuag xwb ib lub hlis. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov nram qab no yam: qhov chaw rau lub bakery yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas muaj tsheb, piv txwv li, nyob qhov twg muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ... Tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, tsis sab los ntawm sab nrog hom ntawm lub koom haum. Qhov thib ob yuav tsum tau - cheeb tsam. Nws yuav tsum tau (piv txwv tias yog tias koj muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw yuav muag lawv cov khoom, thiab nws yog feem ntau ntshaw) yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 150 "squares". Thiab txij li thaum koj yuav mus ua zaub mov noj, koj yuav tsum muaj ib chav tsev sewerage, dej haus, nqi hluav taws xob chav tsev thiab chav dej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ua lub bakery ua lag ua luam tswv yim, tsis txhob hnov qab mus muaj xws li cov nqi ntawm kev kho thiab hais tias, txawm yog menyuam yaus, yuav yuav tsum tau ua.

Khoom rau bakery

Yog li ntawd ua li cas koj pib koj tus kheej ua lag ua luam los ntawm kos, tab sis tseem xav kom tus kheej muag khoom, koj yuav tsum tau yuav li xwb txhua yam - los ntawm muaj thiab coj mus muag khoom rau cov neeg siv thiab cov lus nug rau daim ntawv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Xav Tau, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub qhov cub, tus ntaus ntawv rau sifting hmoov, khob noom cookie rooj, wardrobe proofers. Tsis txhob cuam tshuam, thiab ib tug tub yees tsev. Qhov no yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus hais tias koj yuav tau mus yuav thaum xub thawj. Ntxiv mus, nrog rau cov strengthening ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, nws yuav tau maj mam nthuav thiab re-yuav qhov tsim nyog machine. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov yuav tsum tau mus yuav muag khoom txee, ib tug tshwj xeeb showcase rau ci, raws li zoo raws li khoom rau cia. Txij li thaum cov khoom no ntawm expenditure yog lub loj tshaj plaws, nws yog ua tau, koj yuav tsum tau xav txog yuav ib tug thib ob-tes units. Tej zaum, los ntawm txoj kev, koj muaj peev xwm yuav heev zoo cov khoom rau lub bakery rau ib nrab ntawm cov nqi.

neeg ua hauj lwm

Yog hais tias koj tus kheej - tsis yog ib tug kev nyob rau hauv kev tsim kom muaj bakery khoom, yuav puzzled nrhiav ntse technology. koj yuav tsum tau ncaj qha bakers-confectioners (rau ob tug neeg los hloov) thiab ob sellers. Nrog kev xav txog cov tshuaj, ces tus thawj lub sij hawm nws yog ua tau mus faib cov luag hauj lwm ntawm cov tseem ceeb cov neeg, rau ib qho ntxiv tus nqi ntawm cov chav kawm. Accountant, dhau lawm, thaum xub thawj, koj muaj peev xwm tsis tau nws. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib co txuj ci ntawm tag nrho cov suav yuav nqa tawm ntawm nws tus kheej los yog siv cov kev pab ntawm thiaj li hu ua-thib tshwj xeeb.

permitting ntawv

Thaum ua tag nrho cov yav tas los cov ntsiab lus, yuav tsum tau mus nrhiav tau kev tso cai los ntawm cov kev ua ub ntawm Rospotrebnadzor nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tsim nyog xaus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, zoo ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau muab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov hluav taws saib xyuas kev pab cuam. Thiab yuav tsum yauv mus ua conformity ntawv pov thawj txoj kev nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv teb chaws lub koom haum rau kev cai thiab Metrology. Peb kuj yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias lub bakers thiab confectioners, thiab sellers, thiab cov technology yuav tsum muaj ib tug siv tau kev kho mob phau ntawv.

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm raw khoom xa khoom

Piav tias nyob rau hauv lub feedstock thiab qhov tsis zoo thiab cov tsos ntawm cov baking, tsis tas yuav mus txawm tias ib tug sau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj nws tus kheej muaj nuj nqis thiab cov nyiaj txiag sab ntawm lub qhov teeb meem - nws yog ib ntshaw kom nqa tawm lub purchase ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj tau nqi. Yog li ntawd, cov nqe lus nug ntawm kev xaiv loj, reputable lwm yuav tsum twv yuav raug hu xav txog thaum nqus tau ib lub lag luam txoj kev npaj. Nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias yog hais tias tus tib noj mov yuav yuav nyob rau hauv tej, cov zaub mov lwj xws li butter, cream thiab thiaj li nyob. N., Noj mus rau hauv tus account lub specifics pib ib tug ntau lawm, nws yog tsim nyog los yuav pluas me me. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsim nyog mus nrhiav ib tug zoo broker, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus rau lwm cov tswv, uas yuav yuav tsum tau npaj txhij yuav rhiab rau koj kev txhawj xeeb. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kev npaj no yuav ua tau heev muaj txiaj ntsim rau muab kev koom tes nrog cov neeg ua teb. Koom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm lwm tus pom zoo thaum lub sij hawm lawm, xav nrog lawv hais lus daim ntawv cog lus, cov purchase yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm sai li sai tau ua ntej lub community launch txog lub bakery.

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Ua bakery ua lag ua luam tswv yim, qhov no qhov teeb meem kuj yuav tsum tau muab sai sai. Deploy ib tug loj-scale advertising phiaj los nqis tes tshwj xeeb xav tau tsis yog, txawm li cas los, coj ib co kauj ruam tseem sawv. Them tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov xim rau tus kos npe rau thiab lub npe. Tus thawj yuav tsum kaj thiab nyiam xim, qhov ob yog yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug harmonious thiab hais tias nws twb txuam nrog ib tug zoo ntawm cov khoom, thiab yog neizbity. Pom zoo cia bakery khoom hu ua "Donut" yuav muaj nyob rau hauv txhua lub nroog. Yog li ntawd, thaum uas tsim ib lub npe nws yog tsim nyog los ua hauj lwm nyuaj thiab sim tuaj mus nrog ib yam dab tsi ntawm lawv tus kheej, tseem cia nrog. Dhau li ntawd, leej twg paub, tej zaum cia li nyob hauv lub sij hawm ntawd, yog nej tsim tau ib tug yeej muaj tseeb hom, uas tom qab ntau xyoo yuav tsum tau yuav paub thoob plaws lub teb chaws.

Them tawm thiab coj lub txiaj ntsim ntawm txoj kev xws li muab faib rau leaflets, xwm nyob rau hauv kos npe rau sawv. Nqa tawm heev heev kev ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thaum sawv ntxov los yog yav tsaus ntuj cheb thiab zoo sib xws kev ua ub no yuav ua rau kom lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub qhov ncauj - uas yog, txaus siab cov neeg muas zaub yuav qhia rau koj txog lub me ntsis thiab yog li xa neeg muas zaub tshiab.

Cov nyiaj tivthaiv

Ua ib lub lag luam txoj kev npaj, nws yuav tsum ua nws mus ua hauj lwm nrog cov utmost kev saib xyuas. Koj pib ib tug es kim enterprise - qhib ib bakery los ntawm kos, yog li ntawd, tej zaum mus nqa tawm lub tswv yim npaj yuav tau siv sij hawm ib tug txais nyiaj, tab sis vim hais tias tag nrho cov suav tau ob npaug-kos. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, suav yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam yuav coj cov nyiaj mus yuav cov tib khoom, nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias mus dab tsi tau, hais tias, ib counter ua los ntawm cov ntoo, nws yog tseem ua tau kom tswj thiab yas analogue thaum xub thawj. Tib yam siv rau lub tib yam, piv txwv li, ib qhov cub. Yog vim li cas koj yuav tau mus yuav kim khoom zoo-paub hom? Hnub no koj yuav tau heev dlej khoom ntawm Lavxias teb sab los yog txawm Suav chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm ib tug nqi tsim nyog. Yog li ntawd suav cov nqi:

• Rau cov purchase ntawm cov khoom yuav siv li 50 000 dollars.
• Nyob rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov khoom thiab rooj tog zaum - txog li ob.
• Cia ntiav (rau ib lub hlis) yuav raug nqi kwv yees li ntawm 2-2.5 txhiab. Las.
• Kho chaw - txawm 5 txhiab daus las ..
• Ua ntaub ntawv - $ 500.

Suav. Pob tej zaum yuav tau them txog 60 txhiab. Las.

Hli nqi:

• Rents - tib yam 2-2.5 txhiab daus las ..
• Nyiaj Hli (neeg ua mov ci, Technologist, cov neeg muag khoom - nyob rau hauv luv luv, tag nrho cov neeg ua hauj lwm) yuav tsum tau txhua hli txog $ 5 000.
• Communal - 500 dollars.
• Advertising - 300 dollars.

Uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub hlis yuav tsum tau siv txog 8-9 txhiab. Plus cov purchase ntawm raw khoom nqi. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, lub net nyiaj tau los ntawm lub bakery, tom qab cov nyiaj them ntawm cov nyiaj ua se yog hais txog 3-4 txhiab daus las. Raws li kws txawj, qhov no hom ntawm ua lag ua luam yog tau them rau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib lub xyoo thiab ib nrab.

Nws yog tseeb hais tias cov nuj nqis yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug txaus sim thiab muaj peev xwm yuav txawv nyob ntawm lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv uas nws yog npaj mus qhib ib tug bakery. Tom qab tag nrho, piv txwv li, rents nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab lub xeev - sib txawv tswv yim. Raws li zoo raws li nyiaj ua hauj lwm. Cuaj kaum, qhov piv txwv ntawm ib lub lag luam txoj kev npaj rau ib tug bakery nws yog tau noj raws li ib lub hauv paus, txawm yog tias koj txiav txim siab los qhib ib lub lag luam nyob rau hauv ib tug me me lub zos. Khoom, raws li peb paub, muaj tib tus nqi raws li nyob rau hauv lub capital thiab nyob rau hauv lub koog tsev kawm ntawv. Raws li rau lwm yam kev siv nyiaj, lawv elementary yuav raug suav nyob rau hauv nws cheeb tsam.

xaus

Peb sim qhia ntau yam txog yuav ua li cas mus qhib ib tug bakery los ntawm kos. Thiab peb yuav xaus uas nrog rau txoj kev mus kom ze rau ua lag ua luam, qhov no zoo ntawm lub lag luam yog heev muaj txiaj ntsim thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj qub nyiaj khwv tau los mus rau tus tswv. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug txiav txim nyob rau hauv lub qhib ntawm xws li ib nyuab yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv tib zoo tsim ua lag ua luam tswv yim, uas yuav yog tus yuam sij rau kev kawm tau zoo.