Andrianov compass - lub txwv zeej txwv koob cov niaj hnub txhais tau tias ntawm navigation

Mus ywj siab mus ncig teb chaws, txhua txhua neeg mus ncig tebchaws los xav kom zoo zoo txog koj txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus thim ntawm lub xaiv txoj kev, qhov tseem ceeb navigation cuab yeej. (Адрианова) – дешевый, надежный и компактный инструмент, помогающий путешественнику сориентироваться на местности. Compass Andrianova (Hadrian) - pheej yig, txhim khu kev qha thiab compact pab neeg mus ncig nrhiav tau lawv txoj kev nyob rau hauv av.

Analog thiab cov navigation pab kiag li lawm

Nyob rau hauv hnub no lub ntiaj teb no, uas yog flooded nrog tag nrho cov hom ntawm pab kiag li lawm thiab gadgets uas tourists feem ntau xav siv hluav taws xob GPS-navigator es tsis txhob ntawm ib daim ntawv daim ntawv qhia thiab ib tug compass, heev tsis nco qab hais tias cov socket rau them lub roj teeb yuav nyob rau hauv tsev, thiab cov satellite teeb liab ntawm lub sij hawm yuav ploj. Yog thiab tam sim no topographic daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv nrog cov compass tseem nyob twj ywm lub ntsiab orientation ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov qus.

Ntxiv mus, muaj cov koom txoos tshwj xeeb rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua Orienteering, qhov twg neeg koom qhia tawm lawv muaj peev xwm mus lub ntsiab lus ib txoj kev thiab ua raws li nws raws nraim, siv xwb ib daim ntawv qhia thiab compass.

ntawm ntau yam compasses

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, muaj compasses, hluav taws xob thiab sib nqus.

Los ntawm hluav taws xob xws li: xov tooj cua compasses (landmark - txhua qhov chaw los ntawm xov tooj cua tsis), hluav taws xob mus ncig teb chaws compasses (landmark - lub magnetic teb ntawm peb ntiaj chaw, uas txiav txim cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov sensors rau chips) thiab GPS / GLONASS-navigators (landmark - tus ntsais teeb thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub orbiting satellites). Qhov no yog lub feem ntau muaj tseeb thiab cov siab heev tshaj plaws cov cuab yeej rau kev txiav txim rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib tug kwv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov hauv qab no pab pawg - magnetic compasses - yog siv los ntawm txiv neej rau txhiab xyoo. Tus thawj cov khoom ntawm magnetic hlau ore, cia li taw tes rau ntawm ib tug xaus mus rau sab qab teb, thiab lwm yam mus rau sab qaum teb, twb yees ua nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj ntau tshaj li ob txhiab lub xyoos dhau los thiab tau hu ua "synan" - "them nyiaj ntawm cov South."

), военные, геологические, гироскопические, астрономические и компасы-буссоли. Yuav kom muaj xws li ib tug sib nqus mus txawv tebchaws (xws li Andrianov compass), ua tub rog, geological, gyroscopic, compasses, astronomical thiab compass. Lawv tag nrho cov hauj lwm rau cov ntsiab cai tib yam, yog ua nyob rau hauv uas zoo sib xws schemes, thiab txawv xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb riam uas ua rau ib tug kev zoo ntawm nws thiab defining lub Scope ntawm lub twj paj nruag.

Ib tug raug tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pab pawg neeg yog Andrianov compass. Yees nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, qhov no navigational cuab tam yog tseem nquag siv los ntawm tourists tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no.

Compass Andrianova (duab, keeb kwm ntawm)

Nyob rau hauv 1907, lub feemxyuam Lavxias teb sab engineer thiab cov tub rog cartographer Vladimir Nikolaevich Adrianov hais tus thawj hais kom ua ntawm cov tub rog compass. Lub simplicity ntawm tsim, kev cia siab thiab raug ntawm cov invention coj enormous chaw. Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus sau phau ntawv lub ntaus ntawv yog hu ua ib tug compass Hadrian. Nyob rau hauv cov nram no xyoo mus txog rau lub sij hawm tam sim no peb muaj feem ntau distorted lub npe ntawm lub inventor, los ntawm kev ntxiv tsab ntawv "n." ». Yog li ntawd ib qho ntawm feem nrov cuab yeej traveler tau txais ib qho ntxiv, colloquial lub npe "Andrianov compass."

Compass tsim thiab ntsiab cai ntawm lub lag luam

не претерпело кардинальных изменений за последнее столетие. Ntaus compass Andrianova tsis tau undergone loj hloov lub xyoo pua xeem. Qhov no magnetic compass ntawm cov niaj hnub faib pauv mus rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm neeg mus ncig tebchaws, tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sis raug zoo ntawm teb tsim los ntawm mus tas li magnet nrog lub magnetic teb ntawm cov ntiaj chaw.

Qhov no twj paj nruag yog ib tug rugged yeej zoo lawm, them nrog ib tug pob tshab iav, hauv uas lub koob yog rotated lub magnetic koob, qhov xaus ntawm uas cov cim muaj xim sib txawv - liab thiab xiav. Fringing tsev nyob yog tsim raws li ib tug dial thiab supplemented rotating nplhaib uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm ob reticle. Tus ntaus ntawv yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug tawv pluaj clasps ntaus qij tes lub moo. Nyob rau sab ntawm lub cev muaj ib tug mechanism kho sub - catch.

имеет внутреннюю камеру, заполненную воздухом. Andrianov compass muaj ib tug nrog chamber sau nrog huab cua. Niaj hnub nimno compasses siv dej ntsuab kua es tsis txhob ntawm huab cua, uas tsim ib tug khov nruab nrab, uas ua rau lub zog sub thiab ntws inert.

Cov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm orientation

Ua ntej siv cov compass, nws yog tsim nyog los nrog tej theoretical lub hauv paus.

Lub navigation feeb siv plaub lub ntsiab qhov chaw: North, South, East, West. Yuav kom ntau yog muaj txiav txim qhov kev coj ntawm cov lus tsa suab tswvyim twb qhia los ntawm "azimuth".

Azimut - qhov no lub nqi, ntsuas nyob rau hauv degrees, los ntawm sab qaum teb mus ib predetermined kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug clockwise kev taw qhia. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txav los ntawm qhov tam sim no txoj hauj lwm mus txog thaum kawg taw tes (point) lawv, cov neeg mus ncig tebchaws yuav tsum paub tus kabmob thiab cov nyob deb mus rau lub point, raws li zoo raws li los mus txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm lub North. Thawj ob qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau paub nyob rau hauv ua ntej los yog yuav tsum tau txiav txim rau hauv daim ntawv qhia thiab nrhiav North cia li mus pab cov compass.

Tswv yim rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov compass Adrianov

. Ua ntej yuav pib cov lus yuav tsum nco ntsoov yuav ua li cas siv ib tug compass Andrianova. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum rub lub catch, yog li freeing lub magnetic ntaus xib xub. Ces tus compass yuav tsum tau positioned nyob rau hauv ib tug kab rov tav dav hlau. Tom qab ib tug ob peb spins lub xub nres maj mam thiab nyob rau hauv nws kawg, pleev xim rau hauv xiav, qhia rau sab qaum teb. Tom ntej no, tus ntaus ntawv lub cev tig kom txog thaum lub xiav sub kos ntsiab lus mus rau dial tus cim "C". Yog li, peb tau hais tseg lub ntsiab lus qhia ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, "C" - lub sab qaum teb, "Yu" - South, "Z" - sab hnub poob, lub "B" - sab hnub tuaj.

Tam sim no nws yog lub sij hawm los mus txiav txim lub azimuth. Ua ntej peb txiav txim seb tus nqi ntawm paub faib cov compass hu peb teev. Tag nrho ib ncig ntawm 360 degrees. Yuav tau mus nrhiav sawv tom ntej no mus rau lub daim ntawv lo nrog cov zauv thiab ib tug loj pes tsawg tus noj tsawg. Cov yuav tsum tau muab faib los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm kev sib cais (feem) ntawm tus xov tooj. Piv txwv li: lub dial pov tseg qhov tseem ceeb 15 thiab 30, nruab nrab ntawm lub ya 3 (division). Nqe ib division yog (30-15) / 3 = 5 degrees.

Tam sim no, los ntawm ib tug pes tsawg point ( "C", North) clockwise ncua yam azimuth rotating nplhaib scooter. E.g., los mus ncua cov azimuth 75 degrees yog tsim nyog los tig lub nplhaib ntawm xoom mus rau 15 kev sib cais clockwise.

Xyuas qhov chaw ntawm lub xub, nws tseem yuav tsum qhia kom meej rau xiav tus cim rau lub "C". Tam sim no, tab tom nrhiav los ntawm lub slits reticles nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag, peb paub cov kev taw qhia ntawm mus ncig teb chaws rau ib tug muab azimuth.

Hadrian lub Compass yog thiab yuav yog tus tseem txhim khu kev qha thiab pheej yig lub cuab tam rau tej traveler. Kev txhim kho navigation txawj siv ib daim ntawv qhia thiab compass, peb yuav confidently txav mus rau hauv roob moj sab qhua tsis muaj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kom poob lawm.