Anarcho-capitalism: lub ntsiab txhais, cov tswv yim, cov cim

"Anarchy" - ib lub sij hawm uas nyob rau hauv lub minds ntawm cov neeg feem coob yog synonymous nrog lub tswvyim ntawm "chaos", "tsis meej pem." Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Sociology thiab political science, qhov no lub sij hawm muaj ib tug txawv lub ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb muab ib tug los ze zog saib lub tswvyim, keeb kwm, kev qhia thiab cov lus qhia ntawm anarchism. Peb tsom xam nyob rau hauv ntau yam li no los li anarcho-capitalism. Yuav ua li cas yog nws essence thiab, tsis zoo li lwm qhov chaw ntawm anarchism? Peb yuav sim mus nrhiav tau tawm tom qab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

notion

Anarchism - ib tug socio-thoj thiab socio-economic tej lus qhuab qhia, uas negates qhov yuav tsum tau rau lub hav zoov ntawm lub xeev. Cov kev txaus siab ntawm cov me me peasants thiab cov lag luam me yog opposed rau kev txaus siab ntawm loj corporations.

Muaj yog ib tug tswvyim hais ua dabneeg hais tias anarchism - yog ib tug ntawm cov tiam sis ntawm socialism. Nws twb tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub hlwb tom qab lub kiv puag ncig thiab lub Civil War: ib tug staunch pab pawg phooj ywg ntawm lub Bolsheviks rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Ukraine tau ntev lawm lub anarchists Nestora Mahno.

Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog kiag li tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Anarchism, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho ntawm nws destinations - anarcho-capitalism - nyob rau tsis tooj, tsis muaj txoj kev creation ntawm loj pej xeem corporations. Socialism - raws li ib yam ua ntej theem ntawm communism - txawm hais tias nws yuav lub creation ntawm ib tug tib ncaj ncees thiab sib npaug zos haiv neeg, tab sis lub hom lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv uas lub taub hau thiab yuav tsum tau "txoj cai neeg." - lub Bolsheviks, lub Socialist-Revolutionaries, proletarians, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no sib kuj tau hu rau lub creation ntawm corporations xwb, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau capitalism, nrog tsuas yog ib tus tswv tsev - lub xeev.

Lub philosophical hauv paus ntawm anarchism yog individualism, subjectivism thiab voluntarism.

qhia

Rau hnub tim, muaj ob yam loj qhov chaw ntawm anarchism:

1. Individualist anarchism.
2. Anarcho-socialism.

Ideologically, nws yog kiag li ob opposite qhia. Lawv koom siab tsuas yog ib - lub tswv yim tso rau hauv lub xeev. Tag nrho lwm cov kev xav yog diametrically txwv. Anarcho-socialism, es, yog hais txog mus rau sab laug adrift, nrog rau communism, socialism thiab lwm yam anarcho-individualism -. Tiamsis, nws yog rau txoj kev kawm. Nws ntsiab cai tsim Max Stirner, Genri Devid, Murray Rothbard thiab lwm tus neeg. Ob chav nyob yog tseem muab faib mus rau txawv ntws, txhua tus uas muaj nws tus kheej views rau cov neeg los yog lwm yam dab.

Lub ntsiab qhia ntawm individualism

Individualist anarchism yog muab faib mus rau hauv cov nram no:

1. Anarcho-capitalism. Peb yuav tsis kom meej nws xim, raws li cov cheeb tsam no yuav tsum rau rau siab ua lub feem ntau ntawm peb cov khoom.
2. Anarcho-feminism. Lub zog pib nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Ib tug tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm nws muaj peev xwm yuav tau ua Emma Goldman - "Liab Emma". Qhov no poj niam tau khiav tuaj los ntawm Russia ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, thiab tswm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Anarcho-feminists kuj txwv lub xeev raws li ib tug lub tsheb rau imposing feeb tsim cov tswv yim ntawm tsev neeg kev sib raug zoo, kev kawm ntawv, thiab yog txivneej los pojniam luag hauj lwm. Emma Goldman yuav hnub no yog ib tug ardent tib neeg txoj cai neeg, uas yuav mus txuas ntxiv mus sib ntaus sib tua rau cov poj niam txoj kev koob pheej ntawm lawv, rau qhov txoj cai ntawm kev sib deev minorities, thiab lwm yam kev sib, nws xav tias, -. Qhov no yog qhov li ib txwm economic daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ib tug txiv neej thiab ib tug poj niam. Thiab cov views thiab nws poob rau qhov loj nco qab los ntawm kev hais lus, cov phau ntawv publishing ib puas xyoo dhau los, thaum Western haiv neeg khaws cia nws kev cai dab qhuas thiab traditionalism.
3. Ntsuab anarchism - tsom xim rau cov teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig tiv thaiv.
4. Anarcho-primitivism - hu mus tso tseg lub high-tech, uas, nyob rau hauv lawv lub tswv yim, tsuas txhawb ntxiv rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim thiab lub lag luam. Thiab lwm leej lwm tus.

Lub ntsiab qhia ntawm lub anarcho-socialism

Anarcho-socialism - ib tug qauv uas hu rau sib ntaus tawm tsam tej yam hauv daim ntawv ntawm exploitation, private cuab yeej raws li ib tug loj ua rau kev sib raug zoo stratification (stratification) ntawm haiv neeg mus rau hauv nplua nuj thiab cov neeg pluag. Tej views twb nyob rau hauv lub minds ntawm tus anarchist Nestor Makhno thaum lub sij hawm lub kiv puag ncig thiab kev tsov kev rog. Kev taw qhia sib txawv los ntawm lub classical Bolshevism tsuas los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub yav tas yog hu rau qhov kev dictatorship ntawm lub proletariat, piv txwv li. E. Lub sij creation ntawm ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv lawm. Anarcho-socialism, thiab nyob tag nrho tsis kam lub hav zoov ntawm tej kev txiav txim hauv chav kawm ntawv los yog caste. Nws ntsiab qhov chaw:

1. Mutualism (myutyualizm). Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib nrig sib pab, txoj kev ywj pheej, yeem daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov tus tsim ntawm tus qauv ntseeg Pierre Zhozefa Prudona, uas nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua, ua ntej thaum kawg tsim anarchist currents.
2. Anarcho-communism. Ntawm UFW ntawm qhov no ntseeg hais tias cov kev xav tau los ua ib tug self-governing commune, uas yuav tsum tau ib lub koom haum nyob rau hauv lub collective siv cov txhais tau tias ntawm ntau lawm.
3. Collectivist anarchism los yog radical collectivism. Ntawm UFW ntawm qhov no tau hu ua rau lub overthrow ntawm lub revolutionary txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau yav tas los tiam sis, cov anarcho-collectivists xav hais tias txhua leej txhua tus nyob rau hauv lub zej zog yuav tsum tau txais kev ncaj ncees kev them nyiaj raws li lawv txoj hauj lwm zoo. Banal "leveling", nyob rau hauv lawv lub tswv yim, yuav ua rau ib tug loj ntawm cab uas yog "cab" yuav ua rau kev siv ntawm lub zog ntawm lwm leej lwm tus.
4. Anarcho-syndicalism. Nws tsom rua lub zog lub zog. Nws los ntawm UFW yuav tso tseg lub system ntawm nyiaj ua hauj lwm thiab ntiag tug. Txoj kev ntawm ntau lawm lawv pom qhov ua rau ntawm lub division ntawm haiv neeg mus rau hauv tus tswv thiab neeg ua hauj lwm. Thiab lwm leej lwm tus.

Tu siab, nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm yog ib qhov nyuaj rau luv luv qhia lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm anarchism. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb lo lus peb yuav hais tias anarcho-capitalism - yog qhov opposite lub ntsiab lus ntawm anarcho-socialism. Xeem siab disclaims tej tswv yim ntawm ntiag tug, capitalism, ntiav ua hauj lwm rau. Ua ntej, on qhov tsis tooj, txais tos cov tswv yim no. Yog xav paub ntxiv cov ntsiab lus hais txog nws yuav tau los sib tham tom qab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm anarcho-capitalism

Anarcho-capitalist kev taw qhia no kuj xa mus rau raws li "libertarian anarchism". Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm lub sij hawm twb coined los ntawm Murray Rothbard. Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm no sib hnub rov qab mus rau lub sixties ntawm lub XX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Txawm tias nws theoretical lub hauv paus rooted nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, lub tej hauj lwm ntawm kev ua lag luam theorists, yog ib tus uas yog Gustave de Molinari.

tswvyim

Kev ua lag luam anarchism - kuj hu ua anarcho-capitalism - raws li ib tug txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv free muaj ntiag tug. Nws tsis lub xeev raws li ib lub tsev ntawm lub hwj chim, vim hais tias nws cuam tshuam rau kev pab los ntawm ib tug sib tw ua lag luam. Thaum lub sij hawm, tus naas ej reformer - Yegor Gaidar - hais tias, "kev ua lag luam yuav muab tso rau txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw." Txawm tias lub Lavxias teb sab prime minister thiab tsis yog ib tug kws lijchoj ntawm no philosophy, tab sis hais tias nws kab lus yuav twb tsis siv ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim ua lag luam anarchism. Tus ncej txheem muab lub tswv yim ntawm free kev ua lag luam kev sib raug zoo, khi nyob rau hauv ib tug yeem paus. Nws yog lub hauv paus ntsiab thiab ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug ruaj khov haiv neeg, uas nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm npaj cov kev cai ntawm kev cai lij choj, tsim lawv tus kheej raws li txoj cai lub moj khaum, kev tiv thaiv thiab cov kev tsim nyog infrastructure, cov los ntawm coj mus muag sib txeeb.

cov hom phiaj

Sam Murray Rothbard pom tau hais tias lub xeev -. Nws yog, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lus, ib lub koom haum criminal pab pawg neeg uas koom nyob rau hauv yeej robbing los ntawm cov se, nyiaj cov nqi, cov hauj lwm, cov ntawv tso cai, thiab lwm yam Yuav luag tag nrho cov niaj hnub capitalist tsoom fwv tau ua stooges ntawm loj nyiaj txiag magnates. Capitalism, raws li theorist - yog lub predominance ntawm me me tswv, thiab niaj hnub no peb pom tias cov lag luam me ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog poob nws txoj kev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov economic sectors. Es tsis txhob ntau txhiab me me ua lag luam, peb pom ib tug loj mogul, uas extends nws cov cawv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws.

Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub libertarianism thiab anarchism muaj ib qho hom phiaj nrog rau lub socialist thiab communist ideology - tag nrho lawv hu mus ua txhaum uas twb muaj lawm system, uas tau hloov zuj zuj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Tswv yim rau yav tom ntej kev txiav txim

Nyob rau hauv no philosophical kev taw qhia ntau critics cov economists, thoj zaum thiab sociologists. Txawm lub Socialists thiab cov Communist nrog cov tswv yim ntawm ib tug "ci yav tom ntej", "kev koob pheej ntawm lawv", "txoj kev ywj pheej", "cov kwvtij nkauj muam" tsis txhob hu mus tso tseg rau hauv lub xeev raws li lub regulator ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Tab sis lub ntsiab theorist ntawm anarcho-capitalism - Murray Rothbard - nyob rau tsis tooj, hais tias mus kiag tso tseg nws. Yuav ua li cas, ces, yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm ib tug capitalist haiv neeg nyob rau hauv uas ntiag tug yog dawb ceev yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv? Ua li no, ua ib tug private kev ruaj ntseg lug, uas yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tw hauv paus. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob tau nyiaj txiag los ntawm cov se, thiab los ntawm lwm tus me nyuam yaus. Tej thiab economic kev ua si yuav tsum tau tswj hwm los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso cai, cov lag luam thiab nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm lwm tus txoj cai. Society, raws li cov theorists ntawm lub philosophical kev taw qhia, intuitively to taub yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej. Cov neeg yuav muab ntau ntawm cov teeb meem txhaum cai, raws li nws yog lub xeev thiab yog lub hauv paus ua rau lawv txib.

Yog nws tau los siv rau lub tswv yim ntawm libertarianism?

Muaj coob tus neeg xav hais tias lub tswv yim ntawm meej libertarian utopia. Raws li lawv pabneeg qhov tseeb hais tias qhov xwm ntawm cov neeg no yog hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua yuav tshem tau kabmob xws tib neeg vices zoo li khib, kev chim siab, ntxeev siab, muaj lub siab coj kom zoo dua ntawm lub zog ntawm lwm leej lwm tus, muaj lub siab yuav mus txeeb lwm tus tej khoom, thiab lwm tus neeg nco qab lub hlwb xeem raws li lub ntsiab sib cav :. "Yog hais tias lub tsev loj koj yuav pom, khoom uas hais tias tsis muaj ib tug tiv thaiv li cas koj ua li cas? ". Cov lus teb yuav tsum yog ib tug uas muaj cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub supermarket mus nyiag. Lwm yam lus teb no yog los ntawm psychologists tsis ncaj, concealing lub qhov ntawm cov kev kawm. E. Koj yuav tsis hloov tib neeg qhov, yog li nws nws tus kheej, tsis muaj cov kev pab ntawm lwm hwj chim regulator, tsis kawm ua neej nyob "txoj cai." Tag nrho cov tswv yim uas yog tsim los hloov tib neeg qhov los ntawm cov creation ntawm txawv kev mob, yog hais tias yuav utopian. Yog li ntawd, kev ua lag luam anarchism yuav tsum muab xav raws li xws li. Txawm li cas los, ib co ntseeg hais tias libertarianism tau muab los siv. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, tej yam tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tshwm sim. Lawv sib tham txog ntau hauv qab no.

Lub tej yam kev mob rau kev siv cov tswv yim ntawm kev ua lag luam anarchism

Yog li, lub tswv yim ntawm Murray Rothbard pom tau hais, yuav tsum tshwm sim raws li nram no tej yam kev mob:

1. Dominance ethics lub hwj chim. Nyob rau hauv lub zej zog uas txhua yam yog yuav thiab muag, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau kev kawm rau ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug ntsuj plig ntawm "yog li ntawd koj tsis tau", "tsis zoo", thiab lwm yam Niaj hnub no, peb pom tau tias cov me nyuam ntawm multimillionaires txhaum tag nrho cov kev cai: .. Lawv tsis hwm cov kev ceev txwv rau hauv txoj kev, nws yog ua tau rau insult cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txoj cai thiab kev txiav txim, hais lus scornfully ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv uas lawv nyob, thiab lwm yam "zoo tib yam" pej xeem xws cwj pwm yuav tsis tau kev zam txim :. lawv yuav tau txais lub feem ntau lub txim loj heev. Tsuas yog qhov chaw uas tus nqi ntawm ethics thiab txoj kev ywj pheej yeej tshaj zog nyiaj ntsuab, nws yog ua tau los tsim kom tau ib qho zoo tagnrho lub neej.
2. Cov creation ntawm ob peb tsev. Yog hais tias lub xeev yog tsis pom, nws txoj kev ua yuav tsum ua kom tiav lwm yam kev hauv tsev. Lawv yuav tsum tau muaj lub hwj chim thiab txoj cai yuav txwv tsis pub yuav piam. Lub ntsiab mob - yuav tsum muaj ib co, los yog es tsis txhob ntawm ib daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev, peb tau lwm: theocracy, xeem, tsiaj qus capitalism thiab lwm tus neeg.
3. Unified system ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Libertarianstskaya system yuav ua xwb, yog hais tias tag nrho cov neeg ntawm cov haiv neeg ua raws li cov tswv yim ntawm anarcho-capitalism. Thaum koj pom ib tug xov tooj tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg uas tsis quav ntsej txog nws tej ntsiab cai thiab tsev ntawm lub hwj chim, lub kaw lus yuav zom sai sai.

Lub symbolism ntawm anarcho-capitalism

Peb them lub hom phiaj ntawm libertarianism. Hais me ntsis txog lub symbolism. Banner anarcho- capitalism xam tau tias yog dub thiab daj chij. Dub xim - ib tug ib txwm lub cim ntawm anarchism. Daj - symbolize kub, ib tug nruab nrab ntawm kev sib pauv nyob rau hauv lub lag luam tsis muaj tsoom fwv kev pab. Black-thiab-daj chij yog pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam embodiments. Muaj yog tsis muaj kev cai nruj heev arrangement ntawm paj. Tej zaum nws muaj ntau dluab: ib tug crown, ib duas kos npe rau, thiab lwm leej lwm tus.

Anarcho-capitalism nyob rau hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws ob peb cov neeg uas tuav views market anarchism. Peb muaj, yog hais tias lawv yog cov thwjtim ntawm anarchism, nws yog es cov los ntawm UFW ntawm anarcho-syndicalism, uas tsim ntau yam cov hluas subcultures. Sociologists taw tes kom paub tias niaj hnub neoanarhisty, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tsis txhob to taub qhov yooj yim ideology ntawm anarcho-syndicalism, lawv siv xwb cov cim - liab thiab dub chij. Thaum tag nrho cov txheej xwm uas muaj lawv lub suab, feem ntau tsuas anti-fascist slogans.

Lub hom phiaj neoanarhizma nyob rau hauv Russia

Niaj hnub nimno neoanarhichesky tawm tsam nyob rau hauv Russia yog tej zaum tsuas non-partisan ntsiab cai sab nraum zoov teg num, tshwm hwj chim. Nws cov thawj coj ntseeg tau hais tias lub hom phiaj ntawm lub zog - lub sim tawm tsam fascism, raws li zoo raws li cov hauv paus hniav ua - capitalism, uas tsim kev sib raug zoo tsis sib xws thiab tsiv teb tsaws nyob rau hauv nws cov tam sim no daim ntawv no.