Ammonium persulfate: synthesis thiab cov tswv yim tseem ceeb

ammonium persulfate yog siv los ua ntu lub polymerization txheej txheem, raws li zoo raws li condense thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev npaj ntawm rubbers, yas thiab latex, nyob rau hauv photography, nyob rau hauv lub etching ntawm luam Circuit Court laug cam. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog tej zaum kuj siv tau rau cov kab mob li cas thiab tshuaj dawb tso.

Ammonium persulfate: Physico-tshuaj zog

Himreaktiv nruab nrab yog tsis muaj kob phiaj, tej zaum nrog ib tug greenish Hawj txawm. Me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv H 2 O (42.7%) nyob rau hauv ib tug kub ntawm 15,5 ° C. Thaum lub sij hawm ua cua sov saum toj no 120 degrees pirosernisty ammonium cov ntaub ntawv, thaum cov pa tso tawm. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg uas qhuav ntsev yuav tsum muab zoo indefinitely, thaum lub sij hawm ntub ntsev yog sai hydrolyzed nrog kev tso tawm ntawm cov pa thiab nitrogen. Aqueous lub ntsiab ntawm lub compound pib hydrolyze, txawm nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thaum kub nce lub disintegration txheej txheem yog kho kom zoo. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom lub decomposition, rau aqueous lub ntsiab ntawm ammonium persulfate ntxiv poov tshuaj alum los yog sulfates ntawm alkali hlau.

Ammonium persulfate: Synthesis of

Ib tug reagent tov yog npaj los ntawm electrolysis ntawm ammonium sulphate nyob rau hauv lub sulphate acid. Ua li no, siv sij hawm ib tug hub 20 cm lub cheeb thiab ib tug ntim ntawm ob litres yog poured nyob rau ntawd 1.7 liter ntawm nyeem ammonium sulfate tov thiab tsib milliliters ntawm ib tug sulphate acid. Tom ntej no, lub resulting sib tov twb raug mus rau electrolysis siv electrodes ua los ntawm platinum hlau. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm electrolysis pib hnov ntawm ammonium hydroxide, ces ntxiv peb mus rau tsib ml ntawm ib tug nyeem tov ntawm ammonium sulphate nyob rau hauv acid sulfate. Tom qab txhua txhua peb rau plaub teev thiab wiped tawm tam sim no electrodes. Tom qab 24 teev electrolysis ntxiv 90 g ntawm crushed ammonium sulfate thiab cov electrolysis txuas ntxiv rau lwm 70 teev. Thaum lub sij hawm electrolysis tshuaj do tsis tu ncua. Cov uas ua muaju ntawm ammonium persulfate twb sib cais thiab kev daws yog dua noo nrog ammonium sulphate thiab acid sulphate acidified. Cov uas ua precipitate yog ziab rau ib tug kub tsis siab tshaj 40 degrees.

Raws li ib tug txoj cai, tau raws li hais tias txoj kev ntawm kev npaj muaj tsis ntau tshaj li 90% ammonium nadsernistogo, nws yog feem ntau siv raws li ib tug oxidant. Ib tug reagent nrog ib tug tsawg dua concentration ntawm active tshuaj amenable mus recrystallization. Yuav kom nws 700 g ntawm ntsev yaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tib yam volume ntawm dej sov (txog 40 ° C). Ntxiv mus, siv fluted lim daim ntawv, tus kuaj tshuaj lim, whereupon lub filtrate yog txias. Cov uas ua muaju tau lim ammonium persulfate lim rau ib tug Buchner funnel thiab ntxuav nrog dej. Cov kev npaj tau yog feem ntau raws li qhov tsim nyog reagents q.s.p.

Ammonium persulfate - Tawg thiab hluav taws pov thawj, tab sis muaj txhawb rau combustion ntawm lwm yam tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm burning tawm khaus thiab tej yam tshuaj lom. Ntsib hais tias reagent nrog combustible tshuaj yog tsis tau tso cai, raws li nws muaj feem rau ib tug muaj zog oxidant thiab reacts nrog combustible cov ntaub ntawv uas, raws li zoo raws li txo cov neeg ua hauj. Thaum lub sij hawm ua cua sov ammonium persulphate decomposes sai, qhov no generates ib tug ntau ntawm tshuaj lom thiab corrosive gases (nitrogen oxides, ammonia vapor, sulfur oxides). Lub degree ntawm cawv rau tib neeg lub cev nws yog ib tug ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm peb cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm kev txaus ntshai. Maximum taus koob tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ua hauj lwm qhov chaw rau cov ammonium persulfate yog 0.1 mg ib cubic Meter.

ammonium persulfate muaj ib tug khaus ntxim rau cov tawv nqaij thiab qog ua kua week ntawm lub qhov ntswg, qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, ua pa ib ntsuj av tau, conjunctiva. Nqus tau pa ntawm lub substance provokes tus txoj kev loj hlob ntawm asthmatic kab mob. Thaum lub caij nyoog los yog rov hu tshwm sim dermatitis, eczema, feem ntau nrog los ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj, manifested raws li urticaria thiab poob siab.

Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug reagent tsim nyog los siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm tus kheej tiv thaiv cov khoom (ncauj, roj hmab yas, overalls).