Alternator: lub ntaus ntawv, cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus, lub hom phiaj ntawm

Electric tam sim no yog lub ntsiab hom ntawm lub zog mus ua pab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov spheres ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Nws teev nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab ntau mechanisms, muab lub teeb, heats lub tsev thiab animates ib tug tag nrho ntau ntawm pab kiag li lawm uas muab peb xis hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw. Xwb, no hom ntawm lub zog yog universal. Los ntawm nws koj yuav tau txais txhua yam uas koj xav tau, thiab txawm zoo puas tsuaj yog tias siv tsis yog.

Tab sis muaj ib lub sij hawm thaum lub hluav taws xob los yog tseem tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov xwm, tab sis tsis pab ib tug neeg. Dab tsi tau hloov txij thaum ntawd los? Cov neeg tau pib kawm lub cev phenomena thiab tau tuaj nrog nthuav machines - transformers, uas, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, thiab ua ib tug revolutionary leap rau pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv peb kev vam meej, uas yog ib tug neeg tau txais lub zog los ntawm lwm yam.

Yog li ntawd cov neeg kawm tau mus ua hluav taws xob los ntawm ib tug pa hlau hlau nplaum thiab cov neeg kho tshuab zog - yog tag nrho. generators tau ua, muaj peev xwm ntawm delivering loj loj hwj chim tsev ntawm lub zog, los laij megawatts. Tab sis nws yog nthuav tias lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm lub lag luam ntawm cov cav tov tsis yog li ntawd yooj yim, thiab tej zaum nws yuav zoo yuav to taub txawm mus rau ib tug tub hluas. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug hwj chim generator? Wb sim txheeb tawm qhov teeb meem no.

Cov nyhuv ntawm electromagnetic induction

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsos ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg xyuas pib yog lub electromotive quab yuam - emf. Nws yog peev xwm ua tau kom tshem tau cov them hais, uas muaj ntau yam nyob rau hauv tej hlau. Lub hwj chim no zoo nkaus li yog hais tias tus neeg xyuas pib pom tau tias qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub magnetic teb siv. Cov nyhuv nws tus kheej yog hu ua electromagnetic induction. EMF yog ntau dua, ntau dua tus nqi ntawm kev hloov ntawm magnetic flux tsis. Hais tias yog, nws yog tau nyob ze ntawm lub ruaj khov magnet yuav tawm mus rau neeg xyuas pib, los yog ib tug tsau hlau cawv teb ntawm lub electromagnet, Process nws lub hwj chim, cov nyhuv yog tib yam - lub fais tam sim no yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais Explorer.

Nyob rau qhov no qhov teeb meem, zaum Oersted thiab Faraday ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm cov XIX caug xyoo. Lawv kuj qhib ib lub cev tshwm sim. Tom qab, nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm electromagnetic induction raug teem tam sim no generators thiab motors. Interestingly, cov cav tov tau yooj yim yuav hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv txhua lwm yam.

Yuav ua li cas ua lub generators AC thiab DC

Nws yog to taub hais tias lub fais tam sim no generator - ib tug electromechanical tshuab uas ua tam sim no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws yog ib tug muaj zog converter: cua, dej, kub, dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub EMF, uas twb ua ib tug tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib. Lub apparatus ntawm tej generator fundamentally tsis txawv los ntawm ib tug kaw conductive voj, uas rotates ntawm tug ntawm ib tug hlau nplaum, raws li nyob rau hauv thawj thwmsim zaum. Tsuas yog loj npaum li cas nyiaj ntawm magnetic flux generated los ntawm ib tug haib tas mus li magnet hluav taws xob los yog ntau tshaj feem ntau. Kaw lub voj zoo li ib tug multi-tig kauj, uas nyob rau hauv hnub no lub generator tsis yog ib tug tab sis tsawg kawg yog peb. Tag nrho cov no yog ua li cas nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau ntau li ntau tau EMF.

Standard fais alternator (los yog DC) muaj:

• Housing. Nws ua cov kev ua ntawm tus ncej hauv uas lub stator yog txuas mus rau lub ncej ntawm ib tug electromagnet. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog anti-kev sib txhuam bearings ntawm lub rotor ncej. Nws yog ua los ntawm cov hlau, nws kuj tiv thaiv rau tag nrho cov sab hauv txuj lom tshuab.
• Stator magnetic tug. Nws taag teb winding magnetic flux. Nws yog ua los ntawm ferromagnetic hlau.
• Rotor los yog armature. Qhov no rooj noj ib feem ntawm lub generator, tus ncej uas rotationally drives lub extraneous quab yuam. Thaum cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub armature muaj ib tug self-excitation winding, thiab nyob rau ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no yog tsim.
• Switching ntawm. Qhov no yam ntxwv neeg ua hauj lwm pab rau hluav taws xob ua rau yus los ntawm lub tsiv rotor ncej. Nws muaj xws li conductive rings uas movably kev cob cog rua nrog lub graphite tam sim no muab khaws tseg hu.

tsim DC

Cov generator ua ib tug tib neeg tam sim no conductive Circuit Court qhov chaw yog rotated nyob rau hauv lub nqus saturation. Ntxiv mus, rau ib tug tej yam torque ntawm txhua ib nrab voj yog nyob ze ib tug -pole. Tus nqi nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib rau lub ib nrab nyeg yog tsiv nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev coj.

Yuav kom tau txais qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm hais, ua los ntawm lub zog tshem tawm mechanism. Nws feature yog hais tias txhua tus ib nrab ntawm cov winding (ncej) yog kev cob cog rua rau lub conductive lub voj voog. Semirings ntawm lawv tus kheej tsis tau kaw thiab nyab xeeb rau cov dielectric khoom. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, thaum ib tug ib feem ntawm lub winding pib kom dhau ib qho ncej ib nrab nplhaib muab kaw qhov hluav taws xob Circuit Court txhuam hu pawg. Nws hloov tawm, rau txhua davhlau ya nyob twg los tsuas yog ib hom ntawm tej.

Yog mus hu xov tooj rau lub zog yog tsis tu ncua, thiab pulsating, nrog tib polarity. Mem vim lub fact tias cov magnetic flux rau tus neeg xyuas pib thaum lub sij hawm kev sib hloov muab ob lub siab tshaj plaws thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus cov nyhuv. Dlhos cov mem, siv ntau yam windings ntawm lub rotor thiab haib capacitors rau lub tswv yim Circuit Court. Yuav kom txo tau cov magnetic flux losses kis ntawm tus armature thiab stator ua tsawg heev.

Scheme alternator

Thaum lub rooj noj ib feem tshwm sim generating ntaus ntawv tam sim no kev sib hloov nyob rau hauv conductors ncej kuj ntxias electromotive quab yuam raws li ib tug DC generator. Tab sis ib tug me me feature - tus alternator collector ntawm ntaus ntawv muaj ntau. Nyob rau hauv nws, txhua yam uas nws tso zis kev cob cog rua rau lub conductive nplhaib.

Cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub AC generator yog raws li nram no: thaum ib nrab ntawm cov winding dhau mus ze ib tug ncej (lwm feem nyob ze ntawm lub opposite ncej), lub Circuit Court tsiv tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug kev taw qhia los ntawm nws cov qis tshaj rau lub siab tshaj plaws muaj nuj nqis thiab rov qab mus rau zero. Thaum winding hloov lawv txoj hauj lwm txheeb ze rau tus ncej, tam sim no pib nws txav nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab nrog rau cov tib regularity.

Thaum zoo li no Circuit Court yog tau nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim waveform raws li ib tug sine yoj nrog zaus ib nrab-tsis sib nug xov mus rau lub sib hloov lub sij hawm ntawm lub rotor ncej. Yog xav tau ib tug ruaj khov tso zis teeb liab, nyob rau lub alternator zaus yog tsis tu ncua, tus neeg kho tshuab ib feem ntawm lub muab lub sij hawm yuav tsum tsis tu ncua.

Sib Nqus generators roj hom

Siv tam sim no generators, qhov twg es tsis txhob ntawm cov hlau ncej yog siv raws li ib tug them nyiaj cab kuj conductive ntshav, kua los yog roj yog lub npe hu ua MHD generators. Pa tshuaj caum nyob rau hauv magnetic teb lub dag lub zog. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub tib lub EMF induction them hais tau directional tsab ntawv tsa suab, tsim ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no. Tus nqi ntawm cov tam sim no yog ncaj qha xwm yeem mus rau tus nqi ntawm cov zaj ntawm lub magnetic flux, raws li zoo raws li nws lub hwj chim.

MHD generators yog ib tug yooj yim constructive tshuaj - yog tsis muaj kev sib hloov ntawm lub rotor mechanism. Cov khoom siv fais fab muaj peev xwm ntawm delivering muaj hwj huam tso zis nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Lawv yog siv raws li backup pab kiag li lawm thiab thaum muaj xwm ceev tej yam kev mob, muaj xwm ceev. Coefficient txiav txim kev kawm (COP) ntawm lub tshuab yog siab tshaj muaj ib qho kev hluav taws xob alternator.

Generator Synchronous AC

Muaj ib co hom Alternators:

• synchronous machine.
• asynchronous tshuab.

Synchronous AC generator muaj ib tug nruj cev kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov muab zog ntawm tus rotor thiab lub zaus ntawm cov generated hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv xws systems, lub rotor - ib tug solenoid tau koom ua ke los ntawm cov tub ntxhais, ncej thiab cov exciting coils. Tsis ntev los no powered los ntawm ib tug DC qhov chaw ntawm txhuam thiab nplhaib hu. Lub stator yog kauj hlau yog sib thooj, nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib lub hnub qub nrog ib qho taw tes - zero. Lawv tau ntxias emf thiab tam sim no yog generated.

Lub rotor ncej yog tsav los ntawm lwm lub hwj chim, feem ntau turbines taw uas nws zaus yog qhov thiab synchronized. Hluav taws xob cov Circuit Court connectable rau xws li ib tug generator yog ib tug peb-theem Circuit Court, lub zaus ntawm qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab uas yog theem txav los ntawm 120 degrees txheeb ze mus rau lwm yam kab. Yog xav tau ib tug muaj tseeb sine yoj, cov kev taw qhia ntawm magnetic flux nyob rau hauv cov kis ntawm tus stator thiab lub rotor feem yog tom tsim ntawm lub yav tas.

Lub excitation ntawm lub alternator siv los ntawm ob txoj kev:

1. Tiv tauj.
2. Contactless.

Nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court ntawm cov kev sib cuag excitation ntawm lub electromagnet Winding yog noj los ntawm txhuam ob peb hwj chim los ntawm lwm generator. Qhov no generator yuav ua ke nrog rau lub ntsiab ncej. Nws feem ntau yog muaj tsawg zog, tab sis txaus los tsim ib tug muaj zog sib nqus teb.

Daws hauv paus ntsiab lus hais tias ib tug alternator ncej muaj ib tug ntxiv peb-theem winding, nyob rau hauv uas thaum lub sij hawm kev sib hloov ntxias electromotive dag zog yuam yog generated thiab hluav taws xob. Nws yog los ntawm cov tiav Circuit Court yog txhab khoom mus rau rotor excitation kauj. Raws kev nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug system twb tsis muaj tsiv hu, uas simplifies lub system, ua rau nws txhim khu kev qha.

asynchronous generator

Muaj yog ib qho asynchronous alternator. Tus ntaus ntawv txawv los ntawm nws cov synchronous. Muaj yog tsis muaj leej EMF nyob rau lub zaus uas cov rotor ncej rotates. Muaj xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug "ris hauv qab S», uas characterizes no sib txawv influences. ris hauv qab tus nqi yog txiav txim los ntawm xam xyuas, yog li ntawd nws tsis yog lawm los xav tias yuav tsis muaj cov qauv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub electromechanical induction lub cev muaj zog.

Yog hais tias lub generator yog khiav tas, load, tam sim no ntws nyob rau hauv lub windings yuav tsim ib tug sib nqus flux, uas tiv thaiv kev sib hloov ntawm lub rotor nrog ib tug predetermined zaus. Qhov no tas ib swb, uas, lawm, muaj feem xyuam rau zus tau tej cov EMF.

Niaj hnub nimno AC induction generator ntaus ntawv muaj ib tug movable ib feem nyob rau hauv peb ntau executions:

1. Hollow rotor.
2. Nas ncuav-tawb rotor.
3. Theem rotor.

Tej cov cav tov tej zaum yuav nws tus kheej ywj siab thiab kev zoo siab. Tus thawj tswvyim yog siv los ntawm lub xam nrog ntawm winding capacitors thiab semiconductor converters. Excitation ntawm ib qho kev ywj hom tsim ib tug ntxiv qhov uas AC fais fab.

generators ntawm lub Circuit Court

Tag nrho cov high-fais fais fais fab kab tsim ib tug peb-theem hluav taws xob tam sim no. Lawv muaj peb windings, uas tsim alternating currents yog pauv los ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm 1/3 lub sij hawm theem. Yog hais tias peb xav txog txhua tus neeg winding ntawm lub hwj huam mov, peb tau txais ib leeg-theem alternating tam sim no ntws nyob rau hauv txoj kab. Tus nro nyob rau hauv lub kaum ntawm txhiab ntawm volts yuav ua tau ib generator. 220 Lub neeg tau txais ib lub tsev transformer.

Tej alternator winding ntaus ntawv muaj ib tug txheej txheem, tab sis kev twb kev txuas mus rau lub load yog ntawm ob hom:

• Hnub Qub;
• daim duab peb sab.

Cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub AC generator muaj hnub qub yuav pooling tag nrho cov nyob ntawm tej (zero) rau ib tug, uas ntev los ntawm cov load rov qab mus rau lub generator. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub teeb liab (hluav taws xob tam sim no) yog kis tau feem ntau los ntawm lub tawm kauj hlau (kab), uas yog hu ua theem. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws yog heev yooj yim, koj tsis tas yuav mus rub peb ntxiv nyob ntawm tej mus cuag cov neeg. Lub voltage ntawm kab conductors thiab kab thiab nruab nrab hlau yog cov sib txawv.

Combining daim duab peb sab generator windings yog luv luv nrog txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv series nyob rau hauv ib tug Circuit Court. Los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov kev twb kev txuas rau cov qhov tso zis kab ntawm tus neeg. Ces tsis tas yuav nyob nruab nrab hlau, thiab cov voltage rau txhua kab yuav tsum yog tib yam hais txog ntawm cov load.

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm ib theem peb-theem AC ua ntej nws yog me me ripple thaum flattening. Qhov no muaj ib tug zoo ntxim rau cov mov pab kiag li lawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog DC motors. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb-theem tam sim no generates ib yam magnetic teb flux uas yog tau tsav cov haib induction motors.

Qhov uas siv tau generators AC thiab DC

DC Alternators ho me me nyob rau hauv loj thiab nyhav tshaj lub AC tshuab. Nrog ib tug ntau tsim tswvyim tshaj lub xeem, lawv tseem siv nyob rau hauv ntau industries.

Main faib lawv tau txais raws li ib tug high-ceev drives nyob rau hauv cov cav tov qhov twg ceev tswj yog yuav tsum tau, rau cov piv txwv, hlau mechanism, lub elevator ncej, dov mills. Nyob rau hauv thauj cov generators muaj ntsia tau rau hauv locomotives, ntau yam tsev hais plaub. Ib tug ntau ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov cua generators yog sau rau lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug DC voltage qhov chaw.

DC generators yuav siv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb-lub hom phiaj welding, rau excitation ntawm lub synchronous hom generators lub windings li cov DC amplifiers, muab electroplating thiab electrolysis sib.

Sij hawm alternator - mus tsim hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv ib tug coj mus muag teev. Qhov no zoo ntawm lub zog tau muab noob neej Nikola Tesla. Yog vim li cas hloov lub polarity ntawm qhov tam sim no, ntau dua li ib qhov yog dav siv? Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov kev hloov ntawm DC voltage yog loj losses nyob rau hauv lub nyob ntawm tej. Lub ntev lub hlau, ntau dua qhov lub poob. AC voltage yuav thauj tshaj ntev ncua kev ntawm ntau txo nqi. Thiab koj yuav tau yooj yim hloov ib tug alternating voltage (txos thiab raising ntawm nws), uas tau tsim ib tug generator 220 V.

xaus

Tus txiv neej tsis to taub qhov xwm ntawm magnetism uas permeates puas tsav yam. Thiab hluav taws xob - tsuas yog ib tug me me ib feem ntawm lub qhib secrets ntawm lub ntug. Lub tshuab uas peb hu lub zog generators, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb yooj yim heev, tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm muab peb, cia li zoo kawg. Tiam sis tiag tiag txuj ci tseem ceeb tsis yog nyob rau hauv technology, tab sis nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub siab, uas yog tau mus txeem rau hauv ib qho inexhaustible reservoir ntawm lub tswv yim nchuav rau hauv qhov chaw!