Acoustic kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab architectural acoustics: dab tsi yog qhov txawv

Thaj chaw ntawm cov suab paj nruas acoustics thiab suab siv los ntawm lub ancient Greeks. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej ib yam lub rooj sib hais ncua deb ntawm lub suab qhov twg los rau tus mloog yuav tsum tau muaj yam tsawg 20 m. Muaj ntau niaj hnub halls thiab cov chav kawm ntawv ua nrog rau qhov no nyob rau hauv lub siab cov kev cai. Qhov chaw ntawm rooj rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub amphitheatre tsis tsuas zoo saib dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau theem, tab sis kuj zoo rau hnov lub suab ntawm cov lus qhia.

Lub peb hom kev hais kwv txhiaj chaw

Rau cov npaj lub hom phiaj thiab lub xaav ntawm suab nram no yuav txawv ntawm cov auditoriums:

• nrog tej yam ntuj tso acoustics free;
• nruab me nyuam apparatus;
• universal.

Tus thawj hom muaj xws li cov ancient amphitheatres. Cov kis ntawm suab tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev, thiab txawm ib tug ntxhi twb hnov nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau tsis ntev los no series nrog tib siv thiab clarity, raws li nyob rau hauv cov thawj. Kws txawj ntseeg tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob lub suab, playback thiab zoo xaav ntawm lub suab - nws yog nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv, siv cov ntsiab cai ntawm txoj architecture ntawm cov ancient tsev.

Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg ntawm qhov chaw rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg saib muaj xws li ntau yam cinemas. Lub panoramic, pa thiab widescreen auditoriums hloov lwm lub tsev thiab diffusion ntawm cov suab tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev tshwj xeeb cov khoom. Room rau menyuam tsos feature ib leeg-channel thiab multi-channel tso suab system.

Qhov thib peb hom - nws yog universal, niaj hnub hais kwv txhiaj halls, multi-purpose, xam rau ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm listeners. Yuav kom ua tau theem ntawm volume nyob rau hauv lub halls ntawm cov niaj hnub configuration ntsia qhov tseeb khoom, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev hais kwv txhiaj acoustics.

Architecture thiab science ntawm lub suab

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm lub sij hawm "acoustic" physicist Jacques Sauveur twb muaj npe nyob rau hauv 1701, qhov kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tus taw thiab lub suab ntawm tus khiav nrawm. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm nws cov oscillation seev daim hlau, hlua, week, huab cua ncej tom qab sawv puag rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ob peb cov kev tshawb fawb qhia. Cov lawv yog cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb lub suab ntawm cov suab paj nruas seev.

Pab rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm txog cov kev taw thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm lub suab tsis nyob rau hauv ntau xyoo tau ua li tseem ceeb personalities nyob rau hauv science, xws li:

• Leonardo da Vinci;
• Lagrange;
• Genrih Gerts ;
• F. Savard;

Ntxiv cov tej hauj lwm ntawm nws tus txiv, Vinchentso Galileya (a music theorist thiab composer, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm "opera"), Galileo Galilei thawj muab ib tug piav meej ntawm yuav ua li cas rau cov tib neeg pob ntseg perceives tones thiab lub zaus ntawm lub suab tsis.

Cov laus cov vaj tse (cathedrals, amphitheatre), zoo audibility, acoustic kev hais kwv txhiaj halls tsim heev dua lwm yam architectural nta ntawm vaj tse. Paub txog cov kev cai pab architects mus tsim cov kev ua si cov vaj tse thiab convention halls, ua yeeb yam thiab suab paj nruag halls, clubs thiab discos rau qhov saws me nyuam ntawm ob peb txhiab saib.

Yuav ua li cas distinguishes lub acoustics ntawm ib tug hais kwv txhiaj tsis zoo li lwm yam

Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua muaj tau txoj kev hloov hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm hais tawm ntawm lub suab tsis. Lub advent ntawm lub Phonograph thiab xov tooj, xov tooj cua thiab TV, microphone thiab multimedia txhawb thiab tam sim no zoo kawg li txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub amplifying apparatus.

Acoustics active kev hais kwv txhiaj, passive - ib tug generic npe ntawm broadcasting music ceg muaj dynamic hais lus thiab microphones, saib thiab pem hauv ntej hais lus, subwoofers thiab suab projectors.

Apparatus nyob qhia tau tias

Nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no qhov teeb meem acoustics kev hais kwv txhiaj muab tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm sab hauv volume ntawm cov ntaus ntawv thiab qhov chaw rau cov kev pab, tab sis kuj hauj txhais tau tias. Thaum nruab nrog pab pawg, loj chav, loj ntau yam ntawm qhov chaw thiab thaj chaw los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb nruab nrog tag nrho poob lawm haib tshwj xeeb cov khoom. Acoustic kev hais kwv txhiaj yuav tsum tau raws li cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sawv cev, li ntawd yuav tsum muaj xws li ib tug tag nrho cov teeb:

• pem hauv ntej lub ntsiab hais lus (hais lus) uas tsim tuab suab kwj;
• satellites - me me hais lus me nyuam siab thiab nruab nrab zaus suab;
• center hais lus, kis suab, hais lus, kev sib tham;
• saib - li, lub siab tshaj plaws kev pab them nqi ntawm tag nrho cov nuances ntawm lub suab;
• Suab Projector (hais lus active) - kev hais kwv txhiaj system muaj ntau yam hais lus thiab amplifiers uas ua nyob rau hauv ib lub cev rau simulate ib tug rau-channel tso suab kis tau tus mob;
• Whyteshadows - ntses bass thaj tsam hais lus uas txhawb kev kawm thiab sau tej suab paj nruag.

Yog nws tau los txhim kho lub acoustic thaj chaw ntawm lub auditorium

Raws li thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv, ua suab paj nruag los ntawm ntau yam lwm yam yuav tsum thaj chaw nrog txawv acoustic yam ntxwv. Tsuas yog ib ob peb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev hais kwv txhiaj halls nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj peev xwm muab cov kev tsim nyog tsis. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm cov kev cai rau qhov zoo ntawm lub suab yuav tsum accomplished nrog lub architectural thiab tsim kev kawm.

Yuav kom tsim ib tug xis suab siab nyob txawv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev, muab ib tug "natural" suab, suab nrov-ntawv pov thawj finish yog thov. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, cov phab ntsa muaj ib tug semi-cylindrical deflectors ua los ntawm gypsum los yog plywood. Acoustic kev hais kwv txhiaj cuab yeej siv yuav tsim xws li ib tug mus kom ze ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub tswv yim ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov ua yeeb yam thiab qhia tau hais tias.

Nyob rau hauv lub halls nrog siab dhau heev lawm ceilings saum toj no lub theem thiab seem ntawm lub phab ntsa uas nyob ib sab mus rau theem, tshem tawm los ntawm tshwj xeeb reflectors ntawm lub suab. Xws li plywood pab txawm muab faib rau ntawm lub suab lub zog thoob plaws hauv lub chav tsev.