Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug situational txoj kev npaj

Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm tej chaw ntawm ib tug loj tsob nroj mus rau ib tug me me vaj tso, peb yog nrog koj tas xav tau ib tug situational txoj kev npaj. Yuav ua li cas yog nws thiab qhov twg kuv yuav tau txais qhov kev npaj, piv txwv li, lub suburban cheeb tsam? Thiab koj yuav ua rau koj tus kheej?

Qhov teeb meem no txoj kev npaj - ib tug topographical npaj duab ntawm ib zajlus, qhov twg lub tswv yim npaj siv, ua nyob rau hauv ib tug scale of 1: 1000, 1: 1500 los yog 1: 2000. Nyob rau hauv daim duab, yuav tsum tau ua ntawv thov rau tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm khoom (tsev, txoj kev, txoj kev cables thiab pipelines, ravines, dej ntws thiab ntws, nkhaus ntawm ib sab qhov chaw). Nrog kev tsim kho ntawm tus kwv uas siv thiab cov installation ua huaj lwm qhov teeb meem txoj kev npaj muaj xws li ruaj rau nws cov puag nyob ze chaw thiab kev sib txuas lus (hluav taws xob thiab gas tes hauj lwm, yog lug thiab tes hauj lwm dej thiab kav dej phwj). Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv daim duab yuav tsum muaj lub ntsiab ntuj nta ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm qhov chaw.
Roos ib thaj tsam raws li npaj tej yaam num, tab sis yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj ntau project - raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug neeg tej yaam num tsev nyob ze qhov chaw, raws li zoo raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm engineering ntawv tshawb fawb.

Geodetic kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem raws li txoj cai tswj kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv num cheeb tsam (field ntsuas) thiab lub rooj (ua tau txais cov ntaub ntawv thiab tua tau). Surveying yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov kev npaj ntawm tsis tsuas yog qhov teeb meem no, tab sis kuj topographic thiab cadastral lub hom phiaj. Yuav kom tsim ib tug situational npaj geodesic nyem shooting yog tsis tau, kaw xwb vaj tse, txoj kev thiab lwm yam landmarks.

Yuav tsis ua li cas tsis daim ntawv no thiab tus tswv ntawm lub teb chaws los yog ib lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab, xeeb los ntawm nws cov kev kho, thiab txawm ntau li ntawd - qhov kev siv ntawm lub tsev. Wondering yuav ua li cas rau decorate lub zajlus, pib nrog rau qhov chaw npaj khomob. Yog hais tias xws li ib tug ntawv no tsis yog tam sim no, ntawm lwm tus neeg, nrog rau cov purchase ntawm qhov chaw, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los mus ua kom koj tus kheej. Siv ib daim ntawv ntawm A4 daim ntawv (toj roob hauv pes daim ntawv) los yog A3 (ob zaug) - yog hais tias ib tug loj feem. Yog nqus tau nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus ua ib scale ntawm 1: 200. Qhov no txhais tau tias txhua txhua centimeter rau ntawm daim ntawv sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau ob meters nyob rau hauv lub hauv av. Tej zajlus loj ntawm 10 mus rau 20 ar ib tug scale zoo muab tso rau hauv album nplooj ntawv. Thaum heev me me feem ntau thiab tsawg pab yuav coj lub scale 1: 100 (ib centimeter rau ntawm daim ntawv - ib tug Meter nyob rau hauv lub teb). Rau ib tug loj qhov chaw xav tau kev A3 ntawv los yog txawm A2.

Qhov teeb meem no txoj kev ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum muaj tag nrho cov tseem ceeb cov duab khoom - uas twb muaj lawm (xws li tsis tiav) lug, ib thaj tsam ntawm ib sab qhov chaw, qhov dej, txoj kev, toj roob hauv pes ntsiab. Qhov kev ncua deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau txiav txim los ntawm 20-meter loj roulette. Yuav pib, nws yog zoo tshaj plaws los mus ua kom ib tug kos ntawm lub cheeb tsam nyob rau ib tug me me daim ntawv nrog ntsuas mus ntawm cov khoom, ces yuav ua rau ib tug muaj tseeb scaled txoj kev npaj. Ib qho yooj yim mus siv teeb ntawv.

Qhov teeb meem no txoj kev npaj yuav ntsug nce cim (tej zaum lawv yog nqus ntawm lub uas twb muaj lawm qhov chaw), raws li zoo raws li ib tug hais txog ntawm tus compass thiab cua sawv. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm lub compass cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov compass los mus txiav txim nws tsis yog nyuaj - lub sab nyob qhov twg muaj yog hnub ntawm tav su mus rau 14 teev, thiab yuav tsum tau sab qab teb. Tus txheem, feem - sab qaum teb. Tog teeb yog yeej ib txwm muaj ntaub ntawv rau lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov xib xub, thiab sab qaum teb nrhiav. Paub txog lub cardinal qhia thiab lub prevailing cua yuav intelligently xaiv ib qho chaw mus tsaws tene- los yog lub teeb-hlub nroj tsuag, muab cov nyom rau sunbathing thiab tsaus zaum cheeb tsam, ib tug ntaus ntawv "ntsuab phab ntsa" ntawm nce toj nroj tsuag tiv thaiv tus mob khaub thuas cua. Tshawb xyuas cov cheeb tsam surrounding, xaiv cov zoo hom ntawm toj roob hauv pes thiab xav txog yuav ua li cas rau formalize lub tawm los ntawm qhov cheeb tsam mus rau lub nyob sib ze picturesque tiaj nyom los yog nyob rau hauv lub nraim tom hav zoov. Yog hais tias koj qhov chaw yog surrounded los ntawm tsuas cov neeg nyob ze ntawm lub tsev, txoj kev, qhov ntau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau xav txog lub hom thiab qhov siab ntawm cov walling los muab kev nplij siab thiab kev ceev ntiag tug thiab tsis txhob muaj cov nyhuv ntawm "pob zeb hnab".

Yog hais tias koj muaj ib tug landscaping project ntawm ib tug uas twb muaj lawm qhov chaw uas muaj cov uas twb muaj lawm vaj tse thiab tej qhov chaw, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau pre-qhia tej yam teeb meem thiab tsis muaj zog cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj lub vaj. Nws yog ib advisable mus sib nrog cov phooj ywg thiab tsev neeg, yuav tau xav txog thiab sau tag nrho cov tswv yim hais txog cov kev tsim cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub layout. Lub hom phiaj yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov muab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub hauv ciam cheeb tsam (nyob ib sab sab ntawm lub laj kab) rau cov phab ntsa hauv lub tsev (uas yog, "rau muab tso rau lub tsev nyob rau lub hom phiaj"), raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov "nyuaj lub tsho tiv no" - kab lem, cov me nyuam yaus, specifying lub dav. Yog hais tias muaj cov loj loj rau tej qhov chaw (piv txwv li, loj ntoo), lawv tus cim rau lub tswv yim mus rau ib tug nqus projection ntawm tsob ntoo yas. Nws yog tsim nyog los txiav txim seb tus duab ntxoo chaw thiab qhov chaw xaiv rau cog (raws li peb paub, tsob ntoo keeb kwm feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov nkhaus ntawm lub projection ntawm nws crown).

Loj zaub zoo depict arrays nyob cais los xij ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ua raws li daim ntawv.