Yuav ua li cas yog zinc? Formula zinc compound. zinc

Ib tug ntawm cov co uas tau raug qhib ib lub sij hawm ntev dhau los, tab sis mus rau hnub no tsis poob nws qhov tseeb rau siv ua tsaug rau nws cov zoo kawg li zog yog zinc. Nws lub cev thiab tshuaj zog pub siv cov khoom nyob rau hauv ntau yam ceg ntawm technology thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Nws muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv.

Ib nyuag Keeb kwm ntawm cov lus qhib lub caij

Yuav ua li cas yog zinc, cov neeg paub ua ntej peb era. Nws twb ces kawm mus siv alloys muaj no hlau. Egyptians siv ore muaj tooj liab thiab zinc, thiab lawv fused npaj check heev, oxidation resistant khoom. tsev neeg cov khoom tau pom, tais diav ua los ntawm cov khoom no.

Lub npe ntawm zinc yog pom nyob rau hauv lub ntawmv ntawm tus kws kho mob Paracelsus nyob rau hauv lub XVI xyoo pua AD. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov hlau nquag pib siv Suav molding ntawm nws npib. Maj mam, paub txog qhov tshuaj thiab nws zoo kev thaj chaw ntawm ib txoj kev hloov nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Ces nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, England twb kawm hais tias xws li zinc thiab qhov chaw uas nws yuav siv tau.

Toog yog ib tug ntawm cov earliest thiab zoo tshaj plaws-paub alloy, siv txij ancient sij hawm nyob rau hauv Cyprus, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab lwm lub teb chaws.

Lub npe los ntawm cov Latin zincum, tab sis lub etymology yog paub tsis meej. Muaj ntau ntau lub versions.

1. Los ntawm cov German zinke, uas translates li "Lub Island."
2. Los ntawm cov Latin zincum, uas txhais tau tias "dawb thaj ua rau thaj".
3. Persian "cheng", piv txwv li lub pob zeb.
4. Germanic zinco, uas translates li "cov quav hniav", "ib tug eyesore".

Niaj hnub no lub npe rau yam khoom yog tau txais tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm zinc ions nyob rau hauv tib neeg twb tseem qhia nyuam qhuav xwb (XX century). Ua ntej no, tsis muaj mob nrog rau qhov no lub caij yog tsis cob cog rua.

Txawm li cas los nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, muaj ntau haiv neeg siv lub kua zaub ntawm cov nqaij yaj raws li ib tug rov qab cuab tam los ntawm ib tug kab mob thiab rau cov hais kho. Niaj hnub no peb yuav hais tias cov nyhuv yog vim zinc ions, uas nyob rau hauv no tais muaj ib tug heev heev. Nws pab restore ntshav, txo qaug zog thiab tshuab txais lub hlwb kev ua si.

Zinc Caij: yam ntxwv

Qhov no lub caij yog nyob rau hauv lub periodic system nyob rau hauv lub thib ob pab pawg neeg, lub incidental pab pawg. Cov kab xov tooj 30, zinc hnyav - 65,37. Lub tsuas tas li thiab lub oxidation xeev +2. Cov hluav taws xob configuration ntawm cov txheej atom txheej 4s ^2.

Nyob rau hauv rooj Zinc, tooj liab, cadmium, chromium, manganese thiab ntau lwm tus neeg - yog txoj kev hloov co. Cov no muaj xws tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau hauv uas lub electrons nyob sab thiab predvneshny d thiab f zog sublevels.

Transition co muaj xws li platinum pab pawg neeg thiab (kub, iridium, palladium, platinum, osmium, thiab lwm tus). Rau tag nrho cov lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm tsim ntawm complex tebchaw, nyob rau hauv uas lawv ua raws li ib tug complexing neeg sawv cev nrog rau ntau sib haum tus xov tooj. Tag nrho cov no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub caij nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas los ntawm peb.

Nws muaj tsib lawm ruaj khov isotopes nrog huab hwm coj cov xov tooj ntawm 64 mus 70. ⁶⁵ ZN - tej, muaj ib tug ib nrab neej ntawm 244 hnub.

Zinc raws li ib tug yooj yim tshuaj

Yuav ua li cas yog zinc nyob rau hauv lub li ib txwm daim ntawv no? Nws - hlau, nyiaj xiav, sai sai them nrog ib tug tiv oxide zaj duab xis nyob rau saum huab cua. Vim li no, nws nkawd hais tias nws yog tsis heev ci ntsa iab. Txawm li cas los nws yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov zaj duab xis, xws li zinc teev thaj chaw ntawm tag nrho cov co - zoo nkauj yam ntxwv ci thiab ci.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm ntau cov zaub mov thiab ores. Yog li, feem ntau sawv daws yuav yog:

• zinc blende, los yog sphalerite;
• kleyofan;
• marmatit;
• wurtzite;
• smithsonite;
• calamine;
• zinc
• willemite;
• franklenit thiab lwm tus neeg.

Raws li ib feem ntawm mixed ores Zinc yog feem ntau nyob ua ke nrog nws tas li khub, xws li:

• thallium;
• Germanium;
• indium;
• gallium;
• Cadmium.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov hlau tso nyiaj rau 0,076% ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab. Nws yog ib nyuag loj dua cov tooj liab. Tsis tas li ntawd, 0,07 mg / l ntawm lub substance muaj nyob rau hauv seawater.

Formula raws li ib tug yooj yim tshuaj ntawm zinc - ZN. Hexagonal siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo, hnyav. Lub hom tshuaj tsevneeg - hlau.

lub zog

Nws yog ua tau rau xaiv ob peb yam ntxwv.

1. Xim - srebristo xiav.
2. Ceev - 7,13 g / cm ^3.
3. Melting point - 420 ^{° C} (hais txog ib tug pab pawg neeg tsawg-melting hlau).
4. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob - nkig khoom.
5. Ib kub npau npau taw tes - 906 ° ^C.
6. Thaum rhuab mus 100-150 ^{° C} tsub kom toughness thiab ductility, yuav manufactured ntawm hlau thiab ci ntxuag.
7. Hla 200 ^{° C} yog yooj yim av nyob rau hauv ib tug grey hmoov, poob yooj.
8. Nws yog ib qho zoo heev neeg xyuas pib.
9. Lub thermal conductivity yog zoo, raws li tau zoo raws li thaum tshav kub kub muaj peev xwm.

Tej lub cev tsis tso cai rau cov kev siv ntawm ib tug hlau nrog rau lwm cov ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub tebchaw. Piv txwv li, lug paub zinc hlau - plated dag.

tshuaj zog

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, lub hlau daim them ib tug saum npoo instantly npub grayish-dawb txheej - zinc oxide. Qhov no yog los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov pa nyob rau hauv cov huab cua instantaneously oxidizes ntshiab substance.

Yog hais tias ib tug ntev lub sij hawm mus kom ib tug dawb huv hlau nyob rau hauv qhib thiab noo huab cua, yuav muaj nws cov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm carbon dioxide. Raws li ib tug yooj yim tshuaj ntawm zinc reacts nrog:

• halogens;
• chalcogens;
• oxygen;
• acids;
• alkalis;
• ammonia thiab ammonium (nws ntsev);
• weaker co.

Nws tsis hnov mob nrog nitrogen. Yog hais tias peb coj kiag li sib ntshiab zinc, nws tsis hnov mob nrog ib yam dab tsi txog cov tshuaj.

Nws yog tseeb hais tias cov zinc - hlau amphoteric. Nyob rau hauv tshua nrog alkalis ntaub ntawv complex tebchaw - gidroksotsinkaty.

sib txuas ntawm zinc

ob peb loj pawg uas tej zaum yuav tau hais:

1. zinc silicide.
2. Ternary carbide hom - Ni ₃ ZnC.
3. zinc halides (chloride, fluoride, iodide, bromide).
4. Sulfide, selenide, zinc arsenide.
5. Phosphide thiab boride.
6. Ammine ceg tsim nrog cov hlau reacting nrog ammonia tshuaj.
7. Cyanides, thiocyanates thiab thiosulfates muaj nyob raws li lub sib nug xov ceg nyob rau hauv aqueous tov.
8. Oxide thiab zinc hydroxide - amphoteric tebchaw siv rau qhov kev npaj ntawm ntau ceg gidroksotsinkatov.

Feem ntau ntawm cov sib txuas ntawm lub caij siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj kev lag luam los yog lwm yam lag luam (engineering, tsev neeg syntheses, xim kev lag luam).

Zinc oxide yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Nws muaj ib tug zoo anti-inflammatory los, me ntsis dries thiab tua cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce rau qhov kev kho mob ntawm pob txuv, blackheads, pob txuv thiab lwm yam daim tawv nqaij kab mob.

zinc ntsev

Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntsev uas tsis ob npaug los yog complex, piv txwv li tsis muaj extraneous kob ions - ib tug tsis muaj kob crystalline substance. Cov feem nrov nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev siv pej xeem yog cov nram qab no sawv daws yuav.

1. Zinc chloride - ZnCL _2. Lwm lub npe rau cov kev twb kev txuas - soldering acid. Externally nruab nrab yog dawb muaju, absorbs noo noo nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Siv rau kev tu hniav hlau ua ntej soldering, ua fibers, nyob rau hauv roj teeb, rau impregnation ntawm ntoo ua ntej kev kho mob raws li ib tug tshuaj tua kab mob.
2. zinc sulfide. Dawb hmoov, sai daj thaum rhuab. Nws muaj ib tug high melting point, tsis zoo li ib tug dawb huv hlau. Siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov luminescent tebchaw thov mus rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus, panels thiab lwm yam khoom. Nws yog ib tug semiconductor.
3. zinc phosphide - ib qho tshuaj lom siv rau tau txais tshem ntawm gnawing tsiaj (nas, nas).
4. Smithsonite, zinc carbonate los yog - ZnCO _3. Tsis muaj kob crystalline compound, insoluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub petrochemical kev lag luam, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub tshua ntawm cov txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Yog ib lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis, siv raws li ib tug fertilizer rau cov av.
5. Zinc acetate - (CH ₃ hais nkwg) ₂ ZN. Tsis muaj kob muaju, nkag soluble nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kuab tshuaj ntawm tej yam zoo. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si tshuaj thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob thiab cov zaub mov industries. Siv los kho nozafaringita. Nws yog siv raws li cov khoom noj additive E650 - freshens ua tsis taus pa, tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm cov quav hniav ntawm cov hniav thaum muaj ib tug ib feem ntawm lub ntxo ntawm cov pos hniav. Nws yog siv los kos dyes, khaws cia ntoo, yas thiab lwm yam organic syntheses. Yuav luag txhua qhov chaw plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug inhibitor.
6. Zinc iodide - dawb muaju siv nyob rau hauv radiography, raws li ntsha nyob rau hauv roj teeb, raws li ib tug zas xim rau hluav taws xob microstudies.
7. Dub los yog tsaus ntsuab muaju, uas yuav tsis raug muab los ntawm ncaj qha synthesis, raws li zinc thiab nitrogen tsis hnov mob. Yog tsim los ntawm hlau ammine. Thaum siab kub nws decomposes tso tawm zinc, txawm li cas los siv rau nws npaj.
8. zinc nitrate. Tsis muaj kob hygroscopic muaju. Kev siv ntawm zinc nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub textile thiab tawv kev lag luam rau etching ntaub so ntswg.

zinc alloys

Raws li hais saum toj no, muaj yog cov feem ntau zinc hlau - dag. Tias nws twb tau lub npe hu txij thaum lub feem ntau ancient lub sij hawm thiab muaj kev koom siv los ntawm cov neeg kom deb li deb. Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Toog - yog tooj liab thiab zinc, uas yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog ob peb lwm yam co, imparting ntxiv gloss, lub zog thiab refractoriness hlau. Zinc nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li ib tug alloying caij, tooj liab - raws li ib tug yooj yim. Khoom xim daj, ci, tab sis nraum zoov nyob rau hauv ntub kawm muaj peev xwm blacken. Lub melting point ntawm txog 950 ^{° C,} tej zaum yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb cov ntsiab lus ntawm zinc (lub loj nws yog, qhov tsawg dua qhov kub thiab txias).

Cov khoom yog zoo dov rau hauv los xij, hlab, welded hu txoj kev. Muaj zoo kev specifications, li ntawd tawm ntawm nws ua raws li nram no hais:.

1. Tshuab qhov chaw thiab ntau yam kev pab kiag li lawm.
2. Tsho thiab stampings.
3. Ceev, bolts thiab fittings.
4. Fittings, bushings, corrosion resistant qhov chaw ntawm ntau hom kev thauj.
5. Saib qhov chaw.

Feem ntau ntawm peb suav hais tias yog hlau ua nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no mus rau cia li zus tau tej cov hlau.

Lwm hom intermetallic compound - zinc antimonide. Formula nws ZN ₄ SB _3. Qhov no alloy kuj yog siv raws li ib tug semiconductor transistors, thermal imagers, magnetoresistive pab kiag li lawm.

Obviously siv ntawm zinc thiab nws cov tebchaw yog lug thiab suab qhov txhia chaw. Qhov no hlau kuj nrov li tooj liab, txhuas, nyiaj, kub, manganese thiab hlau. Nws tus nqi yog tshwj xeeb yog high kev hom phiaj zoo li anticorrosive khoom. Tom qab tag nrho, yog them los ntawm ntau yam zinc alloys thiab cov khoom rau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv no kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntuj txheej txheem.

Lub lom lub luag hauj lwm

Yuav ua li cas yog zinc nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov tshuaj thiab biology? Seb nws muaj tseem ceeb rau lub neej ntawm tus kab mob no thiab yuav ua li cas zoo nws yog? Nws hloov tawm hais tias zinc ions tsuas yuav tsum tam sim no nyob rau hauv nyob beings. Txwv tsis pub, cov nyiaj tsawg yuav ua rau kom cov nram qab no txim:

• anemia;
• tsis insulin;
• phiv tshuaj;
• poob phaus thiab nco;
• qaug zog;
• kev nyuaj siab;
• impaired lub zeem muag;
• txob taus thiab lwm tus neeg.

Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm concentration ntawm zinc ions nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev - yog tus txiav, nplooj siab thiab nqaij. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib lub hlau ib feem ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov enzymes (eg, carbonic anhydrase). Yog li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm catalysis muaj tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes los ntawm zinc.

Yuav ua li cas raws nraim ua ions?

1. Muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones thiab phev.
2. Txhawb haum ntawm vitamin E.
3. Muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub cleavage ntawm cov cawv molecules nyob rau hauv lub cev.
4. Yog ncaj qha kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm ntau cov tshuaj hormones (insulin, kev loj hlob lawm, testosterone thiab lwm tus).
5. Yuav siv sij hawm yog ib feem nyob rau hauv cov ntshav tsim thiab kho ntawm puas cov ntaub so ntswg.
6. Nws regulates lub tso pa tawm ntawm sebaceous qog, txhawb lub cev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov plaub hau thiab rau tes, yeej txhawb regenerative dab nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij.
7. Nws muaj lub peev xwm los mus tshem tawm toxins los ntawm lub cev thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev.
8. Nws muaj feem xyuam rau cov tsim ntawm saj thiab tsis hnov tsw.
9. Nws yuav siv sij hawm yog ib feem nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm transcription, cov metabolism hauv cov vitamin A, nucleic synthesis thiab rhuav tshem.
10. Nws yog ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv txhua theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb, raws li zoo raws li nrog rau tus txheej txheem ntawm noob qhia.

Tag nrho cov no ib zaug dua qhia tau li cas lub caij tseem ceeb yog cov hlau. Nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lom systems twb clarified xwb nyob rau hauv lub XX caug xyoo. Ntau yam teeb meem thiab kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm yuav tau raug zam yog neeg twb paub txog cov kev kho mob siv tshuaj raws li zinc.

Yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau peb muaj txoj cai npaum li cas ntawm qhov no caij nyob rau hauv lub cev? Cov lus teb no yog cuab kev. Koj yuav tsum noj cov khoom noj uas muaj zinc. Daim ntawv yuav ua tau ntev, yog li peb hais tsuas yog cov nyob rau hauv uas lub siab tshaj plaws pes tsawg tus ntawm lub caij nyob rau hauv lo lus nug:

• ceev thiab noob;
• taum;
• nqaij;
• nqaij ntses nyoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog oysters;
• cereals thiab khob cij;
• khoom noj siv mis;
• tshuaj ntsuab, cov zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

tib neeg siv

Peb twb xaiv nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev paub, nyob rau hauv uas industries thiab sectors ntawm kev lag luam siv zinc. Tus nqi ntawm no hlau thiab nws alloys yog theej siab. Piv txwv li, ib tug tooj dag ntawv ntawm ib tug loj ntawm 0.6 x 1.5 twb soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv kwv yees li 260 rubles. Thiab rightly li ntawd, vim hais tias qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov khoom no yog siab txaus.

Yog li ntawd, nws yog xim hlau zinc, uas yog, raws li ib tug yooj yim yam khoom uas yog siv:

• txheej tiv thaiv xeb rau hlau thiab steel khoom;
• nyob rau hauv roj teeb;
• printing;
• raws li ib tug txo neeg sawv cev thiab ib lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis;
• nyob rau hauv metallurgy rau lub rho tawm ntawm lwm cov co ntawm cov ntsiab thereof.

Zinc oxide yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau niaj vim li cas, uas peb twb tau hais, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug tub lim nyob rau hauv roj hmab, raws li ib tug dawb xim nyob rau hauv cov xim tsev.

Hais txog qhov chaw uas muaj ntau yam zinc ntsev yog siv, peb hais nyob rau hauv qhov kev xam ntawm cov tebchaw. Nws yog pom tseeb tias lub zuag qhia tag nrho zinc thiab tshuaj yeeb dej caw - yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, cov tshuaj thiab lwm yam lag luam Cheebtsam, tsis muaj uas muaj ntau yam ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav tsis yooj yim sua los yog mob hindered.