Yuav ua li cas yog cov dictionaries? Yuav ua li cas yog cov dictionaries ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus?

Tsis tshua muaj mus nrhiav ib tug txiv neej uas tsawg kawg yog ib zaug nyob rau hauv kuv lub neej ntsia nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus. Nrog lawv pab, peb yuav tsis tau tsuas yog kawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tej lo lus, xaiv lus thiab txhais ntxeev, tab sis kuj kawm tau ntau yam ntawm cov tshiab.

Wb tham txog dab tsi yog qhov dictionaries, dab tsi yog lawv kev faib thiab nco ntsoov qhov yooj yim "lus ntawm cov" ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.

Cov science ntawm dictionaries

Lexicography - ib kem lug, kev soj ntsuam txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev kawm thiab compiling dictionaries. Nws tseem ua hauj lwm nrog cov kev faib ntawm nws, ua rau xav tau rau cov khoom thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus.

Zaum tso ua ke dictionaries, lexicographers hu lawv tus kheej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias cov sau phau ntawv ntawm lub dictionaries muaj nws tsuas yog tus compilers. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lawv yog ua los nrog tshwj xeeb phaib uas yog tsau lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub compiler yuav siv ob qho tib si tus kheej sau lawv tej cards, thiab cov ntawv teev lus sau los ntawm ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm linguists.

Tom ntej no peb yuav saib dab tsi yog cov dictionaries ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus yuav paub tias leej twg ua rau lawv.

Ib suam ntawm niaj hnub dictionaries

Tag nrho cov dictionaries thiab encyclopedias raug muab faib ua philological los yog lus.

Encyclopedic dictionaries qhia cov lus qhia txog ntau yam txheej xwm. Ib tug piv txwv ntawm xws li ib tug phau ntawv txhais lus muaj peev xwm pab tau raws li bes - Great encyclopedic phau ntawv txhais lus. Yog xav thov encyclopedic dictionaries ntawm cov nqe lus.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov lus dictionaries? Danae pab pawg neeg dictionaries ncaj qha kev koom tes nrog cov lus thiab lawv cov kev txhais. Lawv kuj muab faib rau ob hom lus thiab haiv neeg miv tsua.

Bilingual Dictionaries muaj lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus thiab nws sib npaug nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv teb chaws lus.

Tsua dictionaries raug muab faib ua tej pawg nyob rau hauv lawv lo lus uas peb.

Cov feem ntau siv hom dictionaries

Yuav ua li cas yog cov dictionaries ntawm lub hom? Cov tsua dictionaries yuav tsum yog tus nram qab no:

1. Explanatory, uas muab ib tug txhais lus ntawm ib lo lus, nws tus nqi yog piav.
2. Phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm neologisms - muaj ib daim ntawv teev cov nyuam qhuav nkag mus rau hauv kev siv ntawm cov lo lus thiab lawv cov kev txhais.
3. Txawv teb chaws lus - captures tsis tau tsuas yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus, tab sis kuj sau ntawv ntawm yam lus nws tau tuaj rau peb.
4. Txhais - nws yuav pab tau tos txhais. Nws qhia txog ib daim ntawv teev cov lus uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus rau qhov yooj yim, feem ntau siv synonymously nyob rau hauv no series.
5. Txhais ntxeev - antonymous muaj ib tug khub ntawm cov lo lus.
6. Homonyms - piav lub ntsiab homonymous officers, yog li qhia tus nqi ntawm ib lo lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov kev siv nyob rau hauv kev hais lus.
7. Phau qhia ntawv - muaj ib daim ntawv teev txhua lub npe hu phraseologisms thiab muab lawv tus txhais lus.
8. Grammatical dictionaries - qhia lub grammatical lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib lo lus - dab tsi yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus nws belongs, dab tsi yog nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb.
9. Spelling - pab tsis txhob muaj cov yuam kev ntau tshaj thaum uas sau ntawv rau ib qho lus.
10. Spelling lus - txhim kho qhov tseeb sis nyob rau hauv lus.
11. Derivational - qhia dab tsi hauv paus yog siv rau cov tsim ntawm cov lo lus, yog dab tsi qhov chaw nws muaj (tsiaj ntawv ua pib, lus, keeb kwm).
12. Phau ntawv txhais lus epithets - yuav pab tau xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws epithets mus rau ib tug kev noun.
13. Etymological phau ntawv txhais lus - qhia zaj dab neeg txog lub rov tshwm sim ntawm kev hais lus.

Nto moo Lavxias teb sab dictionaries

Tam sim no cia tus sib tham txog ib yam dab tsi, dab tsi yog qhov dictionaries ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.

• Lub nto moo tshaj plaws yog suav hais tias yog "Explanatory Lus Txhais ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus", tso ua ke los ntawm ib tug renowned kawm V. I. Dalem. Qhov no daim ntawv qhia muaj txog 200 vam lo lus. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws yog twb ntau tshaj ib xyoo pua, nws yog nyeem los ntawm ib qho ntawm feem kom tiav thiab siv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm niaj hnub.
• Qhov thib ob npaug ib qho tseem ceeb "phau ntawv txhais lus" tso ua ke los ntawm lwm renowned linguist S. I. Ozhegovym.
• "Pronouncing phau ntawv txhais lus" tawm nyob rau hauv ob tug sib txawv linguists - R. I. Avanesovym thiab IL Reznichenko. Ob leeg muaj ib qho impressive daim ntawv teev cov vocabulary cov lo lus thiab pab tau tsis tsuas yog rau cov schoolchildren thiab menyuam kawm ntawv.
• Ceeb toom kuj "Thesaurus" Z. E. Aleksandrovoy thiab "txhais ntxeev phau ntawv txhais lus" edited by L. A. Vvedenskoj.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov dictionaries tsis tau? Kawm kom paub cov keeb kwm ntawm ntau yam ntawm peb cov ib txwm lus yuav nyob rau lub Labor N. M. Shanskogo "Luv luv etymological phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus", thiab tau ntsib nrog rau cov phraseology thiab lawv cov nqi yuav "Phraseological phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus" AI Molotkova.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg "phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus", edited los ntawm tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab philologist, sau ob peb phau ntawv thiab ib tug sau ntawm cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus D. E. Rosenthal thiab M. A. Telenkovoy.

peb tau sau tseg rau hauv phau ntawv rau xyoo lawm, tab sis lawv kuj kam tuaj mus rau peb cov kev pab thiab kom lawv qhia lawv kev txawj ntse. Tam sim no uas koj paub tias dab tsi yog cov dictionaries. Daim ntawv teev cov hais los ntawm peb, heev hais, tab sis txawm cov phau ntawv txaus mus yeej ib txwm yuav literate thiab kawm ntawv tus neeg.

Tus qauv ntawm cov phau ntawv txhais nkag

Nyob rau hauv xaus, kuv xav ntxiv ob peb lo lus hais txog cov qauv ntawm cov phau ntawv txhais lus nkag.

Tej phau ntawv txhais lus nkag pib nrog ib tug header lo lus, uas yog feem ntau cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv capital cov tsiaj ntawv thiab bold.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ib zaug hais tias, raws li siv nyob rau hauv lub dictionaries ntawm cov lo lus yeej ib txwm sau kom raug, thiaj li yog hais tias koj tsis paub tseeb txog qhov tseeb sau ib lo lus, tsis tas xa mus rau qhov txawv phau ntawv txhais lus. Nyuam qhuav qhib yam muaj txoj cai nyob rau hauv koj cov ntsis ntiv tes.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau dictionaries, thiab kuj qhia qhov tseeb sis. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab tau kom luag tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab dictionaries. Yuav ua li cas yog txawm tagging?

Thaum cov header ntaub ntawv yog lo lus rau dab tsi ib feem ntawm kev hais lus nws belongs. Ces piav nws cov ntsiab lus los yog ib daim ntawv teev lus, txhais ntxeev - nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub hom phau ntawv txhais lus. Phau ntawv txhais lus nkag tiav piv txwv ntawm pab - nrog lus los ntawm cov phau ntawv, cov phau ntawv Magazine. Yog hais tias cov lus no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv tau nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm thiab cov lus qhia no tau hais tseg.

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Peb yuav tau to taub dab tsi lexicography, uas yog dictionaries thiab lawv tseem ceeb yog li nram hom, thiab kuj coj daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau yuav pab tau rau tej educated neeg.

Nco ntsoov, yog koj muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv los yog hais ntawm cov lo lus, yuav tsis xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tsuas qhib ib tug ntawm cov nram qab no hu rau phau ntawv.