Yuav ua li cas distinguishes lub "Khrushchev" los ntawm "brezhnevki", "stalinka": yam ntxwv, zoo thiab tsis zoo qhov

Nyob hauv kev ua lag luam vaj tsev nyob rau hauv feem ntau Lavxias teb sab lub zos "nceeg vaj" peb hom ntawm qhov, "stalinka", "Khrushchev" thiab "brezhnevki". Rau cov neeg txaus siab nyob rau hauv yuav los yog muag cov thaj chaw nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom meej meej saib qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv, thiab paub cov tseem ceeb zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm tej qhov.

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm qhov

Ua ntej koj yuav kawm qhov txawv ntawm "Breznev" los ntawm lub "Khrushchev" thiab "stalinka", peb piav qhia txog tag nrho cov theem pib hom ntawm qhov nyob rau hauv Russia:

• Stalin s chav tsev. Tsev nyob rau hauv lub tsev ua thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm JV Stalin - nyob rau hauv 1930-1940 xyoo.
• "Khrushchev". Qhov nyob rau hauv av ci los yog prefabricated tsev, massively ua nyob rau hauv 1950-1960 gg.
• "Brezhnevki". Raug qhov nyob rau hauv multifamily vaj tse, ua nyob rau hauv 1960-1980 gg.
• "Uluchshenki". Qhov nrog paub tsim nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm lub 1980s. Differed nce cheeb tsam, lwm chav dej, chav ua noj thiab loj balconies (balconies); lub tsev yog ib tug khib nyiab pov tseg, elevator.
• Niaj hnub nimno tsev lub tsev. Cov khab seeb qhib-npaj chav tsev, nrog ib tug txawv qab nthab qhov siab, nrog muaj zog thiab check phab ntsa.
• Qhov nyob rau hauv niaj hnub prefabricated thiab modular tsev.

Yuav kom to taub qhov txawv ntawm "Khrushchev" los ntawm "brezhnevki" los yog "stalinka", piav me ntsis txog txhua pab pawg neeg ntawm qhov.

"Stalinka": qhib qhov chaw thiab siab ceilings

Stalin lub tsev - yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tseem zoo tsim yaam tshab nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm neoclassicism qhov siab ntawm 2-5 plag tsev. Cov yooj yim cov ntaub ntawv uas cib (dawb, liab) tau txais kev pab rau lawv nyob rau lub finishing theem twb them nrog plaster. Ib tug interesting point: nyob rau hauv lub pre-tsov ua rog "stalinkas" qhob pem teb slab tsuas yog lub npe thiab lub xeem pem teb qab nthab, thiab sab hauv tsev tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo. Nyob rau hauv lub post-tsov rog lub tsev tag nrho cov plag tsev tau ua los ntawm kev reinforced.

"Stalinka" - nws yog feem ntau multi-chav tsev qhov (3-4 chav), tsis tshua muaj heev ntawm lawv muaj ib tug, ob tug. Cov tsev yog zoo footage, khab seeb chav ua noj thiab hallways, cais los ntawm lwm tus txoj kev chav, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, balconies. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, "stalinka" muaj nuj nqis rau hauv lub qhov siab ntawm ceilings - 2.8-3.2 m.

"Khrushchev": me me, tab sis nws

Ntxiv los tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm "Khrushchev" los ntawm "brezhnevki" tsom xam cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub chav tsev, ua nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm Stalin lub successor. Lub motto ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm thaj tsev, uas pib nyob rau hauv 1955 los ntawm ib tug decree "Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov vaj tse siv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union", yog cov lus hais tias: "Txhua tsev neeg - ib tug me me, tab sis lawv tej vaj tse!"

"Khrushchev" - yog ib tug raug cib thiab prefabricated tsev nyob rau hauv 3-5 plag tsev, nrog cov uas tsis muaj ceilings (2.5 meters), uas tsis muaj kev nkag tau mus siv cov chaw (nqa thiab chaw). Architectural nqi ntawm cov vaj tse tsis tau - lawv tau ua tsuas yog rau cov tshem tawm ntawm lub vaj tse nyiaj tsawg. Ib thiab ob chav pw qhov muaj zog soundproofed muaj uninsulated uas nyob ib sab chav, me me neej coj da dej.

"Brezhnevki": zoo siab

Yuav ua li cas distinguishes lub "Khrushchev" los ntawm "brezhnevki" yees duab eloquently qhia tau hais tias lub era ntawm Leonida Ilicha nyob rau hauv tsev yog twb skyscrapers nyob rau hauv lub 5-14 plag tsev. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau ua, hloov, modernized ib daim ntawv - ib tug tib catalog ntawm lub tsev paub meej. "Brezhnevki" thiab ua nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas cov tsab ntawm niaj hnub xis tshiab vaj tse. Laj ntawm qhov ho paub nyob rau hauv lub hallways nyob chutes hab ntaiv nce, thiab stairways thiab platforms ua ntau khab seeb.

Hauv lub tsev koj yuav saib tau lub Brezhnev era muaj lwm chav dej thiab hnav khaub ncaws chav tsev, waterproofing nyob rau hauv lub chav dej, ib tug loj cheeb tsam ntawm lub chav. Txawm li cas los, nws tseem tag nrho cov tib close-nyob rau hauv chav ua noj, txoj kev hauv tsev thiab sanpomescheniya. Hais tias yog tag nrho. Tam sim no koj paub qhov txawv ntawm "Khrushchev" los ntawm "brezhnevki" tswj.

ntshiab zoo

Raws li nrog rau txhua tsav txhua yam nyob rau hauv lub qhov saum toj no muaj lawv cov pros thiab cons. Yuav kom muaj ib tug to taub tag nrho txog qhov sib txawv apartments- "Khrushchev" los ntawm "brezhnevki" thiab "stalinka", saib tag nrho cov zoo:

• "Stalinka": zoo qhov chaw (nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos, cov qhov yog nyob rau hauv lub center), khab seeb layout, siab ceilings, yav tom ntej thermal thiab acoustic rwb thaiv tsev, qhov rai loj loj, cua kub, sov so thiab qhuav cib vaj tse, tus phab ntsa thiab ceilings.
• "Khrushchev": affordability, qhov chaw, yog hais tias tsis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv ib thaj tsam nrog ib tug heev zoo-tsim infrastructure.
• "Brezhnevki": cais cov chav, zoo qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub nroog, ib tug elevator thiab khib nyiab, yooj yim layout, tus kwv tij "cov hluas" ntawm lub tsev, nyob rau hauv prefabricated tsev - txig du phab ntsa thiab ceilings.

ib qho tseem ceeb shortcomings

Rau siab to taub qhov txawv ntawm "Khrushchev" los ntawm "brezhnevki" thiab "stalinka" thiab tau ntsib nrog cov qias neeg nta ntawm cov qhov:

• "Stalinka": tus thawj plag tsev yog guaranteed muaj tsis muaj loggias thiab balconies (tsis suav pib xyaum ua yav dhau los cov tswv), tsis zoo plag tsev, cov nqi ntawm cov chav tsev thiab kho nws, tseem ceeb deterioration ntawm ob lub tsev thiab nws cov kev sib txuas lus, cov tsis muaj niaj hnub infrastructure - ib qho of elevator, khib nyiab, underground chaw nres tsheb, thiab hais txog. d.
• "Khrushchev": ib tug high degree ntawm coj, tau tshwm sim los ntawm tej kab nrib pleb rau ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab tuaj pwm, uas tsis muaj ceilings (2.5 m), ho cov neeg pluag rwb thaiv tsev, cov neeg pluag rwb thaiv tsev (kub nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab txias nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no), uas nyob ib sab los yog sib txuas chav, seeb nqaim txoj cai huv nam thiab staircases hlwb, me me chav ua noj thiab ib chav tsev nrog WC, ib tug pom zoo kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov vaj tse - 25 xyoo.
• "Brezhnevki": me me chav ua noj, cov phab ntsa, uas yuav tsum tau nquag kho (to rau hauv sab nrauv phab ntsa, qhib nqaws nyob rau sab hauv), ib tug 5-etazhki tsis muaj nqa, vim hais tias nyob ruaj nrees nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub roj teeb txias nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, vim subsidence ntawm lub pob zeb ua hauv pem teb yuav ho sis tsis ncaj .

Yog li, "stalinka" - lub feem ntau kim, tab sis kuj tsis nrov. "Khrushchev" thiab "brezhnevki" mus sai sai nrhiav tau ib tus, nqa nws txaus. Yog li tag nrho cov hom ntawm ob lub tsev muaj ib tug loj daim ntawv teev ntawm ob zoo thiab disadvantages.