Ua tsaug zaub qhwv ntau ntau yam: cov hauj lwm, cov duab, cov yam ntxwv, cog thiab kev kho mob

Tsoos cuisine yog unthinkable yam uas tsis tau zaub qhwv. Lavxias teb sab thiab Ukrainian borscht kua zaub, sauerkraut los yog stewed, nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias los yog pies - nws yog zoo nyob rau hauv tej zaub mov. Thiab cov muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg cov as-ham, vitamins thiab ib txoj lw ntsiab ua rau nws indispensable rau peb noj. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no cua thiab noj qab nyob zoo zaub yog zaub qhwv ntau ntau yam hwjchim ci ntsa iab, nws piav qhia yuav raug muab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Lub tswv yim rau cog lub noob yuav tsum tau muab Cog nyob rau hauv cov av, kev tu cabbages thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij, sau thiab cia.

Ua tsaug zaub qhwv ntau ntau yam: cov hauj lwm

Zaub pob hwjchim ci ntsa iab twb bred rau uas tsis yog-dub lub ntiaj teb cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, tab sis tseem yog haum rau lwm cov av-climatic ib ncig chaw, vim rau qhov muaj peev xwm thev cov tsis muaj dej.

Ua tsaug zaub qhwv ntau ntau yam, muab qhia tawm uas peb yuav kawm txog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm muaj siab productivity - koj yuav tau txais ib tug nruab nrab ntawm 10 kg tawm los ib 1 sq. m. av. Qhov no yog nruab nrab-qib: sau yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tom qab txog 3.5 lub hlis tom qab germination.

Zaub pob koob meej: yam ntxwv

Qhov no zaub tau npawv-ca los npawv zoo, nrog suab tsis muaj maturation tej kab nrib pleb, zoo taus ob thauj thiab cia. Luj ntawm lub taub hau matured - 2-4.5 kg. Zaub pob ntau ntau yam ntawm sab saum toj lub teeb ntsuab xim, thiab nws sab hauv yog lub teeb, yuav luag dawb.

Ua tsaug zaub qhwv ntau ntau yam, muab qhia tawm uas peb xav, muaj ob tug kab:

• Hwjchim ci ntsa iab Gribovskaya 231;
• Hwjchim ci ntsa iab 1305.

Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv yog me ntsis txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Zaub pob hwjchim ci ntsa iab 1305 yog zoo dua thiab resistant mus tus kab mob, hwjchim ci ntsa iab Gribovskaya 231 tsis whimsical rau nyob tus yeees ntawm cov av thiab tsawg suffers los ntawm ib tug tsis muaj noo noo.

Sowing noob thiab yub yam ntxwv

Ua tsaug zaub qhwv zus seedlings thiab nonseedlings txoj kev. Ua ntej sowing noob yuav tsum tau raug mus rau pre-tsau nyob rau hauv ib tug tov ntawm poov tshuaj humate - 1 g / liter. Tom qab 12 xuaj moos uas qhov noob yuav tsum tau rinsed nrog dej thiab sab laug rau hardening ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 2 ° C. Qhov no yuav ua tau ib lub sam thiaj, patio los yog haum thaj chaw. Tom qab ib hnub, lub noob yuav tsum cog rau hauv av. Yog hais tias koj yuav lub noob ntawm ntau yam ntawm koob meej nrog rau ib daim ntawv hais tias lawv mus seedbed npaj no, lawv sai li sai tau sown nyob rau hauv lub hauv av.

Nws yog zoo tshaj plaws haum rau sowing lub sij hawm txij li thaum lig Lub peb hlis ntuj, thaum cov huab cua kub nce mus txog + 12-18 ° C.

Ua tsaug zaub qhwv ntau ntau yam: cov hauj lwm noob cog

Lub grooves ua ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 7 cm los ntawm txhua lwm yam, sow lub noob rau ib lub tob ntawm 1.5 cm rau. Yub qe yuav tsum sib tov turf av nrog humus nyob rau hauv lub ratio ntawm 1: 1. Muaj yog ntshaw kom ntxiv ntoo tshauv, uas yuav tiv thaiv lub seedlings ntawm yeej tus kab mob, raug xa mus rau raws li blackleg.

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias tias cov tub qhwv seedlings ntshai hmo ntuj kub hauv qab no +10 ° C. Yog hais tias ua tau, yuav tsum ua ntxiv teeb pom kev zoo ntawm seedlings fluorescent teeb mus txog 12-14 teev ib hnub twg.

Thaum tus thawj nplooj, zaub qhwv thinned, tawm hauv ib tug yov ntawm seedlings los ntawm 2 mus rau 5 cm zoo qhov chaw rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm seedlings -. 25 sq.cm.

fertilizing seedlings

Tus thawj noj yog nqa tawm tom qab lub ob yuav tsim ib nplooj. Nyob rau hauv 1 liter ntawm dej tsim nyog yaj 2 g ntawm poov tshuaj tshuaj dawb, 2 g ntawm ammonium nitrate, 4 g ntawm superphosphate ib 1 sq. m ywg. Ib tug yam ntxwv txaus tus nqi ntawm 1 liter ntawm fertilizing 50 brassica seedlings.

Qhov thib ob sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws yuav nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb lub lis piam nyob rau hauv tib lub muaj pes tsawg leeg los yog chiv "Kemira-Lux".

Cog nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av

Zaub pob koob meej (yees duab txuas) hlob zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv me ntsis acid xau.

Yav tom ntej qhwv thaj yog npaj los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg - lawv khawb thiab fertilized nrog quav los yog humus.

Thaum cabbage yub loj hlob tuaj mus rau 15 cm thiab yuav muaj 5 leaflets (txog ib lub hlis tom qab sowing), nyob qhwv cog nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av. Lub txaj thawj tsim nyog los hliv dej rau. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov dej rau seedlings ntshaw kom ntxiv mus rau 1 h. M urea thiab 2 tbsp. l superphosphate. Scheme tsaws 60x60 cm - kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab mob rau tag nrho tsim ntawm lub taub hau yog 60 cm.

Bezrassadnoj txoj kev tsaws

Nyob rau hauv ib co chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab zaub qhwv noob uas sown ncaj qha sab qab teb mus rau hauv cov av mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 2 cm. Yub thinned rau thawj lub sij hawm tom qab lub tsim ntawm peb nplooj. Qhov thib ob lub sij hawm - ua yuav rau daim ntawv - qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub tshuav qe 60cm no thiaj li hu ua bezrassadnoj txoj kev ..

Care qhwv

Hluas seedlings yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm te. Yuav kom tiv thaiv los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas siv ib tug zaj duab xis los yog lwm yam npog cov ntaub ntawv uas. Koj yuav tau sprinkle lub txaj - noo av khaws sov zoo dua qhuav.

Ua tsaug zaub qhwv ntau ntau yam yuav tsum tau watered 6-8 lub sij hawm txhua lub caij. Watering yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov dej noj - 20 l / sq.m Yog hais tias watered nquag, cabbage yuav tsum tawg. Tom qab txhua watering yuav tsum yuav nws lub toj.

Tus thawj hnav khaub ncaws yog ua tom qab 15 hnub. Fertilizer yuav tsum mug Mullein ntxiv 10 liv ntawm dej, tawm rau ib lub lim tiam. Cov nyiaj no yuav tsum muaj kom ntau txaus rau tsib zaub qhwv fab.

Nrog rau thaum pib ntawm lub tsim ntawm hau yuav tsum tau rov hnav khaub ncaws, ntxiv rau hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntoo tshauv. Peb lub lis piam tom qab, rov hais dua cov txheej txheem.

Cov kab mob thiab cov kab

Hwjchim ci ntsa iab qhwv (ntau yam characterization qhia saum toj no) yog yus nyob rau hauv hais tias nws yog resistant rau pests thiab cov kab mob. Rau cov prophylaxis los yog kev kho mob ntawm ib tsob nroj kho nrog cov tshuaj tua kab thiab fungicides:

• nrog cov hauv paus hniav rot siv tshuaj "Rizoplan";
• ntawm blackleg qhwv tsuag "Fitoflavinom", "Baktofitom" los yog kev npaj "Planriz";
• rau tshwj kom txhob dub nqaij ntawd (Alternaria) yuav tsum sij hawm kom tshem tawm cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab weeds los ntawm lub cheeb tsam;
• nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam pwm (downy pwm) tov yuav pab tau "Topaz";
• nyob rau hauv vascular bacteriosis cabbages kho siv lub "Trichoderma" los yog "Planriza";
• los ntawm cov nres rau ntawm zaub qhwv aphids los yog slugs yuav pab tej insecticide - "Karate", "Zolon", "Sherpa", "Volaton" los yog "Sumialfa".

Ntxawm thiab cia

Siav cabbages pib txiav los ntawm lub kawg ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj. Ntxawm yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw maj raws li maturation thiab muaj peev xwm coj los ntawm 15 mus rau 20 hnub.

Txiav tawm lub qhuav qhwv, tshem tawm cov puas nplooj. Zaub tua nyob rau hauv ib tug cellar rau cia. Lub cellar yuav tsum qhuav, cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tug antiseptic los mus tiv thaiv lub tsim ntawm cov pwm los yog pwm. Qhov no yog zoo tshaj plaws haum txiv qaub los yog tooj liab sulfate.

Nyob rau hauv cia nruab nrab yuav tsum tau xaiv cabbages tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los yog tawg. Khaws cabbage nyob rau hauv lub cellar nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev: mus dai ntawm lub qab nthab; pw rau ib tug ntoo zaub nyob rau hauv ib tug staggered yam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug pyramid; txhua diav rawg zaub mov qhwv zaj duab xis los yog daim ntawv (tsis newsprint); nyob rau hauv thawv nrog qhov.

Rau zoo preservation ntawm cov qoob loo nyob rau hauv lub cellar yog tsim nyog kom muaj ib tug kub nyob ze rau 0 ° C, thiab cov av noo yuav tsum txaus siab - 90-95%.

Zaub pob koob meej (yees duab txuas) yog zoo conveyed, nws muaj ib tug zoo saib ntawm cov lag luam tawm. Yog hais tias koj xaiv rau koj lub vaj zaub qhwv ntawm lub chav kawm ntawv, ces cov kev kho mob ntawm nws, koj yog guaranteed kom tau ib tug zoo tawm los, uas yuav tsum tau muab cia rau kom txog thaum lub ib hlis ntuj thiab muaj siab zoo siab nws zoo heev saj.